Showing papers in "Brain Research Reviews in 2006"

TL;DR: Some of the milestones in research that have led to an increased awareness of the contribution of immune and inflammatory systems to neuropathic pain are reviewed and the role of immune cells and inflammatory mediators are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the empirical literature does not support the cardiovascular fitness hypothesis and is encouraged to focus on other physiological and psychological variables that may serve to mediate the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance.

TL;DR: The definition of attentional effort as a cognitive incentive, and the description of a neuronal circuitry model that integrates brain systems involved in performance monitoring, the processing of incentives, activation of attention systems and modulation of input functions, suggest that 'attentional effort' represents a viable construct for cognitive neuroscience research.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of neuronal synchronization in different frequency domains for the subsequent stages of memory formation was investigated, and it was shown that gamma synchronization between hippocampal and parahippocampal regions may induce LTP in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.

TL;DR: Present knowledge of the functions of cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenased in brain and their association with neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed.

TL;DR: The present discussion is an extension of the material covered by the 1994 review, "The Circadian Visual System," which saw a blossoming of research into the anatomy and function of the visual, geniculohypothalamic and midbrain serotonergic systems modulating circadian rhythmicity in a variety of species.

TL;DR: The role of resveratrol in modulating AD pathomechanisms is focused on and SIRT1, a human homologue of yeast silent information regulator (Sir)-2, and a member of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases is found to be the prime mediator.

TL;DR: An integrative model is proposed, with multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to transcriptional dysregulation of GAD67 and cortical dysfunction in psychosis, likely to operate in conjunction with genetic risk factors for psychosis.

TL;DR: Independent from the degree to which eating can be considered an addiction, cannabinoid and opioid receptor antagonists are promising anti-obesity drugs, since they are targeting both hedonic and homeostatic components of energy balance control.

TL;DR: In behavioral neurosciences, such as neurobiology and biopsychology, animal models make it possible to investigate brain-behavior relations, with the aim of gaining insight into normal and abnormal human behavior and its underlying neuronal and neuroendocrinological processes.

TL;DR: It is shown that TMS-EEG allows the study of interhemispheric connections with high spatiotemporal specificity and the assessment of cortical reactivity with excellent sensitivity and that neuronal activation is induced with remarkably low stimulation intensities.

TL;DR: Eph/ephrin signaling may inhibit regeneration by more than one mechanism and modulation of Eph receptor expression or signaling could prove pivotal in determining the outcome of injury in the adult CNS.

TL;DR: Observations provide support for the hypothesis that the cerebellum is an essential modulator and coordinator for integrating motor, visceral and behavioral responses, and that such somatic-visceral integration through the Cerebellar circuitry may be fulfilled by means of the cereBellar-hypothalamic circuits.

TL;DR: Although serum/plasma levels of TC and 24S-hydroxycholesterol are not credible diagnostic markers for AD and cognitive decline, the current evidence suggests that they may be modifiable risk/protective factors.

TL;DR: The basic biology of neuregulins is reviewed and this to research suggesting their involvement with and potential therapeutic uses for neurological disorders is related.

TL;DR: The 3beta-hydroxypregnane steroid UC1011 can inhibit allopregnanolone-induced learning impairment and chloride uptake potentiation in vitro and in vivo, which can at least partly explain the opposite effects on mood of those hormones.

TL;DR: Uridine may be more available to brain than cytidine and may be the major precursor in brain for both the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotides and the Kennedy pathway of phosphatide synthesis, which may bear on the effects of cytidine or uridine sources in neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: An emerging group of central nervous system-enriched, type I surface proteins with an ectodomain containing LRR repeats and motifs found in cell adhesion molecules, which could modulate neurite outgrowth of neurons, at least in vitro is noted.

TL;DR: Through interactions with other neuronal proteins, X11s are believed to be involved in regulating neuronal signaling, trafficking and plasticity, making them potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The intravenous injection of Al-maltolate into aged New zealand white rabbits results in conditions which mimics a number of neuropathological, biochemical and behavioral changes observed in AD, which adds credence to the value of this animal model system.

TL;DR: Within the group of physiologically relevant trophic factors, the FGF-2 system seems to be crucially involved in the scenario of peripheral nerve development and regeneration and is discussed in context with other growth factors that are also physiologicallyrelevant in the peripheral nervous system.

TL;DR: An overview of clinicopathological analyses in patients with atypical progression of AD symptomatology is provided with special reference to the relationship between specific cognitive and behavioral deficits and hierarchical patterns of AD lesion distribution within the cerebral cortex.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the Ucn1 neurocircuit and the evidence for its involvement in alcohol-related behaviors are reviewed, and a mechanism for its involved in the regulation of alcohol consumption is proposed.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, this puzzling concept of nerve regeneration has attracted very little attention from basic neuroscientists so far and, thus, the present paper is intended to call for more biological research on it by overviewing the relevant literature and indicating the several unanswered questions that this concept asks to the neuroscience community.

TL;DR: This review attempts to outline specific progesterone mechanisms involved inmale sexual behavior, showing that this hormone plays a more relevant role in the control of male sexual behavior than commonly assumed.

TL;DR: The present review is a detailed survey of the present knowledge of the centrifugal visual system (CVS) of vertebrates, which shows a high degree of variation from one group to the next and the evolutionary significance of this variation remains to be elucidated.

TL;DR: In this article, a review highlights selective evidence supporting the retinoid and thyroid hormone hypotheses of schizophrenia in monozygotic twins, and suggests that retinoids and thyroid hormones serve as bridges between genes and environment in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Grip force analysis is a highly sensitive method to document even subtle impairments of finger force control and may be used both as a diagnostic tool and for the objective evaluation of treatment in neurological movement disorders.

TL;DR: It is argued that ApoE variants play no role in cognitive development and suggested that accelerated aging is unlikely to account for the pattern of deficits observed in non-demented epsilon4 allele carriers.

TL;DR: The many aspects of alcohol-associated growth restriction in the developing brain and the potential inhibition of this severe phenotype through the use of neuroprotective peptides are discussed.