Showing papers in "Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America in 1992"

TL;DR: Prevalence rates obtained from six studies of community populations indicate that ADHD and its subtypes are among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood.

TL;DR: This work suggests that subgroups of children with ADHD might be delineated based on the presence of comorbidity, and these subgroups may have differing risk factors, clinical course, and pharmacologic responses.

TL;DR: The authors profiles the social worlds of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and divides the interpersonal arena into five fundamental facets: response patterns (undesirable and prosocial behaviors, transactional patterns, situational influences); style of approach (intensity, modulation, affective regulation); social information processing (attributional reasoning, social judgement processes, social goals and agendas); peer appeal and social standing; and interpersonal impact (social catalytic effects, treatment-related changes).

TL;DR: This paper reviewed the theoretical framework and empirical evidence concerning the relations among stress, cognitions, and depression in children and adolescents, concluding that individuals who have a vulnerability to interpreting life events as having negative meaning about themselves and their future are likely to develop depression when stressors occur.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the value and limitations of longitudinal research in child and adolescent psychiatry and how various methodologic problems may account for the variability in different outcome studies, and explored the adolescent and adult outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via comprehensive reviews of various follow-up studies.

TL;DR: In this article, a better understanding of the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral contributions to ADHD children's peer rejection as well as better integration of social skills treatments with both contingency management and medication interventions is required.

TL;DR: A review of the literature on the role of family interactions in depression in children and adolescents can be found in this paper, where a variety of dysfunctional family attributes including maternal hostility, lack of cohesiveness, poor communication, and increased conflict are identified.

TL;DR: A growing body of evidence indicates that some type, or possibly multiple types, of biologic underpinnings lead to a final common pathway of ADHD as discussed by the authors, however, considerable information has accumulated on aspects of the families of children with ADHD as well.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the current knowledge about comorbidity among depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence is presented, and some possible research and analytic strategies for investigating these issues are discussed.

TL;DR: Epidemiologic studies of child and adolescent mood disorders are reviewed and the implications of these studies for understanding of the frequency, phenomenology, and risk factors for these disorders are described.

TL;DR: The most convincing and consistent data indicate that genetic etiologic factors are most important in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and may be mediated by a single major gene.

TL;DR: It is suggested that study predictors of adult outcome have yet to be identified, and the importance of choosing appropriate measures and of using statistical controls for biased associations is emphasized.

TL;DR: The DSM-IIΙ in 1980 seems to have reawakened interest in clinical phenomenology and nosology of child and adolescent psychopathology as mentioned in this paper, and the body of data is growing on mood disorders in children and adolescents who have been diagnosed by different sets of criteria.

TL;DR: Reliable criteria for identifying etiologically distinct subgroups of subjects and for determining to which psychopharmacologic agent(s) they will have optimal responses are in statu nascendi and remain for future research to elucidate.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the definition and classification of suicidal behaviors and review the epidemiologic, psychiatric, psychosocial, and biologic risk factors associated with adolescent suicide.

TL;DR: The developmental changes in the key symptoms are influenced by normal developmental processes, notably the move from external motor behavior to internalized contemplation with increasing attention span; by changing environmental expectations (particularly academic); by evolving social roles and activities; and by complications of the primary symptoms such as poor self-image, depression, and some antisocial behavior.

TL;DR: The history of diagnosing bipolar disorder in children, phenomenology, comorbidity, premorbid functioning, and course of bipolar Disorder in children and adolescents are reviewed, and factors associated with bipolar disorder are delineated.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that healthy child development is most likely to occur in the context of high levels of parental warmth and acceptance, consistent behavioral control, and acceptance and encouragement of individuality and psychological autonomy.

TL;DR: The most consistent finding is that mood disturbances during early development do not constitute a nonspecific prodrome to various later disorders but indicate a proclivity for recurrent difficulties with depressed mood.

TL;DR: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is not only a disorder of childhood and adolescence, it continues into adulthood and it is essential that this disorder be recognized, diagnosed, and treated in adults.

TL;DR: Current neuropsychiatric assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder consists of several complementary modalities and a complete history, combined with behavioral observations across settings, is the current standard of diagnosis.

TL;DR: Three case illustrations are included to demonstrate the significant variability of character styles and comorbid conditions of children presenting with ADHD and the need for a flexible approach is shown in relation to these very different children.

TL;DR: A framework for conceptualizing the role of psychosocial factors on childhood-onset depression and suggestions regarding clinical treatment are offered.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a psycho-educational intervention for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using reframing techniques to facilitate active participation of the child, the parents, and teacher in assessment and treatment.

TL;DR: The many treatment approaches that have been found to be relevant for the treatment of youngsters with mood disorders are described and some guidelines for selection of treatments are provided.

TL;DR: A review of explanatory models that have been applied to studies of mood disorders and available data that may support the extension of these models to children and adolescents with these disorders can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: The literature on the natural history of mood disorders and suicidal behavior in children and adolescents is reviewed and limited evidence indicates that the unipolar depressive disorders are differentiated by their age at onset and rate of recovery.

TL;DR: A review of the literature on the assessment of mood disorders in children and adolescents is presented in this article, where the importance of obtaining information from several informants over time is emphasized and the differences between parent and child reports are examined.

TL;DR: The other articles in this issue have attempted to present brief, up-to-date summaries of the current issues regarding mood disorders in prepubertal children and adolescents as mentioned in this paper.