Showing papers in "Cognition in 2007"

TL;DR: It is proposed that a VA span deficit is a likely alternative underlying cognitive deficit in dyslexia, and this hypothesis was assessed in two large samples of French and British dyslexic children whose performance was compared to that of chronological-age matched control children.

TL;DR: It is suggested that children with mathematics learning disabilities have difficulty in accessing number magnitude from symbols rather than in processing numerosity per se.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, while representations of small sets provided by parallel individuation, enriched by the resources of set-based quantification are recruited in the acquisition process to provide the first numerical meanings for "one to "four", analog magnitudes play no role in this process.

TL;DR: Parallel results from adults and infants suggest that the movement-sound interaction develops early and is fundamental to music processing throughout life.

TL;DR: The present article refutes the view that behavioural studies support the expertise hypothesis, via a combination of new data and review, and tests dog experts with confirmed good individuation of exemplars of their breed-of-expertise on three behavioural tasks.

TL;DR: It is indicated that structural priming is persistent regardless of the modality in which language structures are experienced, underscoring the power of priming as an implicit learning mechanism.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that conscious perception of task-irrelevant stimuli critically depends upon the level oftask-relevant perceptual load rather than intentions or expectations, thus enhancing the resolution to the early vs. late selection debate offered by the perceptual load theory.

TL;DR: The sensitivity of English speakers to the sonority of onset clusters is investigated, demonstrating that such preferences modulate the perception of unattested onsets by English speakers.

TL;DR: The results of this experiment support the view that infants are sensitive to powerful and increasingly nuanced links between linguistic and conceptual units very early in the process of lexical acquisition.

TL;DR: Using older adults and dual-task interference, performance on two social reasoning tasks is examined: theory of mind tasks and versions of the deontic selection task involving social contracts and hazardous conditions, suggesting that domain-general resources contribute to performance of these tasks.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that facial expression does modulate the way that observers utilize gaze cues: Objects attended by others are evaluated according to the valence of their facial expression.

TL;DR: The results of three experiments demonstrate that 7-month-old infants can detect and generalize rule-like similarity patterns when the elements consist of pictures of animals (dogs and cats), indicating that rule learning of this type is not specific to language acquisition.

TL;DR: The results indicate that dynamic facial expressions elicit spontaneous and rapid facial mimicry, which functions both as a form of intra-individual processing and as inter-individual communication.

TL;DR: Findings were shorter when body positions during prompted retrieval of autobiographical events were similar to the body positions in the original events than when body position was incongruent, and free recall was more accurate in younger adults than in older adults in the congruent condition.

TL;DR: The experimental results support both the presence of gestural units and the dynamical properties of these units and their coordination and show that it is possible to develop a principled account of spoken language within a more general theory of action.

TL;DR: Results indicate that, when watching an agent act on objects in a scene, 12.5-month-old infants keep track of the agent's representation of the physical setting in which these actions occur, and if theAgent's representation is incomplete, because the agent is ignorant about some aspect of the setting, infants use the Agent's representation, rather than their own more complete representation, to interpret the agent’s actions.

TL;DR: Robbins and McKone as mentioned in this paper argue that there is little or no evidence supporting an expertise account of the differences in configural processing that are typically observed between faces and non-face objects.

TL;DR: The relative effects on emotion recognition of inverting and motion-reversing patch-light compared to fully illuminated displays of whole-body emotion gestures are reported, for the first time, to suggest an important role for configural information in emotion recognition.

TL;DR: Recording Japanese and English mothers teaching words to their infants revealed language-specific differences in the distributions of the cues used by mothers (or cues present in the input) to distinguish the vowels.

TL;DR: This work uses differential patterns of accuracy across the tasks of spoken naming and repetition to establish that two brain-damaged individuals suffer from distinct deficits originating fairly selectively within lexical or post-lexical processes.

TL;DR: The study demonstrates that hesitation affects the way in which listeners process spoken language, and that these changes are associated with longer-term consequences for the representation of the message.

TL;DR: Only in understanding of arithmetic principles does SLI performance approximate that of age-matched-controls, indicating that principled understanding can develop even where number sequence production and other aspects of number processing are severely compromised.

TL;DR: Both language-specific and universal tendencies guide the development of complex spatial expressions in Turkish- and Japanese-speaking children, suggesting some universal influence.

TL;DR: This paper considers the origins of the ability to mark goals as attributes of individual people, using a visual habituation paradigm to assess infants' tracking of goals, and whether infants represented goals are specific to particular agents.

TL;DR: The results of experimental studies with children learning Korean and English support the conclusion that the acquisition of evidential expressions poses considerable problems for learners; however, these problems are not (necessarily) conceptual in nature.

TL;DR: It is concluded that Chinese speakers do not think about time in a different way than English speakers just because Chinese also uses the vertical spatial metaphors to express time.

TL;DR: The results suggest the existence of motor patterns which reflect the intention to act in a social context, which are distinct from similar actions performed by each participant in isolation.

TL;DR: The findings support the position that the informational demands of mapping, rather than age-related cognitive deficiency, can bear much of the explanatory burden for the learning problems posed by abstract words.

TL;DR: It is argued, however, that neo-empiricists have underestimated the difficulty of providing evidence against the amodal approach to concepts and higher cognition.

TL;DR: Three experiments that investigated whether the linguistic behavior of participants in a dialogue is affected by their role within that interaction found that syntactic alignment is not limited to speaker-addressee dyads, but the prior participant role of the current speaker affected alignment.