Showing papers in "Contraception in 1990"

TL;DR: These two intrauterine devices are the most effective long-term, reversible IUDs yet reported in the literature and no other contraceptive methods have exhibited such low long- term pregnancy rates in randomized comparative trials.

TL;DR: Irrespective of the effect on total testosterone, which varies between the preparations, the absolute free testosterone level decreased to a comparable degree for all preparations, and the following ranking can be made with respect to the androgenicity of the preparations.

TL;DR: There is limited information on the metabolism of levonorgestrel, norethindrone and structurally related contraceptive steroids, and it appears that neither desogestrel nor gestodene are transformed to the parent compound.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, although the dose of levonorgestrel released from the IUD is very low, it probably exerts an effect on the gonadotrophin secretion, which disturbs follicular development in many of the women studied, which in addition to the local effects on the endometrium, contributes to its high contraceptive efficacy.

TL;DR: Evidence of the selectivity of norgestimate based on minimal androgenicity is provided, indicating an improvement over other progestins used in oral contraceptives.

TL;DR: The amenorrheic cycles coincided mostly with the hormonal profile of ovulatory types, which indicated that the cause of amenorrhea is due to the local effect of levonorgestrel on the endometrium.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the WHO intravaginal ring releasing an average of 20 micrograms of levonorgestrel per 24 hours is an effective method of contraception for at least one year of use.

TL;DR: Women treated with the three test drugs had significantly fewer bleeding and spotting days during the treated month and also throughout the study year than women using the placebo.

TL;DR: The severity of dysmenorrhea in women who did not use an OC or IUD when 19 years old was reduced in the same women who used OCs when 24 years old, compared to women who still used neither an OC nor an IUD.

TL;DR: Women using continuous low-dose levonorgestrel contraception through NORPLANT subdermal implants, have a variable degree of ovarian activity as compared with the more complete depression of ovarian function observed among pill or injectables' users.

TL;DR: Results indicate that none of the three beta-hCG-based contraceptive vaccines had any adverse effects clinically, on endocrine status and metabolic parameters, and further work can be undertaken to study the efficacy of these vaccines in humans for preventing pregnancy.

TL;DR: Examination of 2,674 NORPLANT acceptors from seven countries who were enrolled and followed for one year shows that a substantial proportion of insertion site infections and implant expulsions were reported after the first two months of use, compared to previous reports that insertion site complications occur during the first few weeks of use.

TL;DR: The results underline the need for a continuous administration without interruption of the pill with CPA in patients with clinical hyperandrogenic symptoms.

TL;DR: The volatile, odorous fraction of neem oil coded as NIM-76 obtained by steam distillation was investigated for in vitro spermicidal activity and the effect of the drug on spermatozoal motility was found to be dose-dependent.

TL;DR: There appears to be no significant trend in vaginal bleeding patterns following a multicentred clinical trial of a low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing vaginal ring over one year of continuous use.

TL;DR: It was shown that the cervix was significantly less resistant to dilatation after pretreatment with mifepristone compared to placebo, and the longer treatment was significantly more effective than the shorter.

TL;DR: Serum concentrations of gestagens were compared after single doses and after multiple doses (steady-state conditions) of four widely used oral contraceptives containing norethisterone, levonorgestrel, desogestrel and gestodene to suggest that the concentrations of unbound gestagen in serum are similar but may be higher for NET whose half-life of elimination is about half that of the other three gestagen.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the POP provides a very acceptable method of oral contraception for many women and that it should be more actively promoted.

TL;DR: Irregular cycles were observed in both immunized and control groups; these were, however, unrelated to prevailing anti-hCG antibody titres or to cross-reactivity of antibodies with hLH.

TL;DR: In this article, monkey embryos were exposed to RU 486 both in vitro and in vivo, both with and without progesterone therapy, in the perinidatory interval.

TL;DR: A non-incision method of vas occlusion based on the percutaneous injection of polyurethane elastomer solution to form plugs is described and, to date, 51 men from which the plugs have been removed have made their wives pregnant.

TL;DR: The compounds exhibited estrogenic property at their contraceptive dose level but failed to show antiestrogenic activity at the endocrine and contraceptive stage of pregnancy.

TL;DR: The changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the placebo week in oral contraceptive pill users were assessed and gonadotropin secretion and estradiol concentrations were compared with those in control women in the follicular phase of an unmedicated menstrual cycle.

TL;DR: This contraceptive vaginal ring presents a good method of contraception, showing good bleeding control and no harmful metabolic effects, and values of serum chemistry showed no significant changes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of two triphasic oral contraceptives (OCs) taken for 6 pill cycles were compared, and the effects on body weight, dietary habits, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol or carbohydrate metabolism.

TL;DR: It was found that women have an increasing risk of pregnancy with increasing body weight, for example, a women of 40 kg has an estimated pregnancy rate of 1.7% in contrast to 9.8% for a woman of 80 kg weight.

TL;DR: There was no loss of clinical effectiveness with Diane -35 and it provided the advantage of a 30% decrease in the amount of estrogen, and plasma testosterone and DHEA-S levels paralleled the decline in the clinical severity of the acne.

TL;DR: Rectal cancer risk was higher among those OC users who were also beer drinkers, but not among colon cancer OC users, and these risks were not affected by adjustment for socioeconomic level, country of birth, religion, previous diet and family history of colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: 3-Keto desogestrel was less effective than testosterone, estradiol or levonorgestrel in displacing 3H-dihydrotestosterone from SHBG and delivered through an implant is a promising method for further investigation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that spottings or breakthrough bleedings during treatment with oral contraceptives are not dependent on a distinct pattern of the serum levels of EE and the progestogen.