Showing papers in "Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences in 1973"
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum properties of surface space charge layers were investigated and the authors presented a detailed review of the properties of the surface space-charge layers in Solid State Sciences.
Abstract: (1973). Quantum properties of surface space-charge layers. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 499-514.
127 citations
IBM1
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between physical and chemical processes on semiconductor surfaces is discussed, and a discussion of the relation between the two processes on the same type of surfaces is presented.
Abstract: (1973). Relation between physical and chemical processes on semiconductor surfaces. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 515-539.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between the crystal dynamics and ion cores in semiconducting crystals is presented, with a special emphasis on semiconductors and covalently bonded solids.
Abstract: It is obvious that the title of this article encompasses an area too vast to be adequately covered in a single review paper. Thus, we hasten to remark at the outset that the primary topic to be dealt with here is the relation between the crystal dynamics, on the one hand, and the basic interactions between the valence electrons and ion cores in semiconducting crystals, on the other. In this sense, this review is essentially an extension and updating of Cochran's recent review article in this series1 with special emphasis on semiconductors and covalently bonded solids.
48 citations
TL;DR: The concept of anharmonicity in the potential energy of a crystal has been introduced by as mentioned in this paper, who considered thermal expansion as one of several phenomena withn the general framework of the equations of state which formally and correctly define the concept.
Abstract: Thermal expansion is the dimensional change which occurs with a change in temperature, revealing something about the dependence on volume of the energies of various interaction processes in solids. Thermal expansion is due to anharmonicity in the potential energy of a crystal. A harmonic crystal would show no thermal expansion; in fact, such a crystal would be mechanically unstable (Barron, 1957). It is thus logical to consider thermal expansion as one of several phenomena withn the general framework of the equations of state which formally and correctly define the concept of anharmonicity.
38 citations
TL;DR: Having accounted for the significant variables, any workable prediction method must be straightforward enough to use in designing without consuming huge amounts of expensive computing time.
Abstract: As the number of uses for variously reinforced plastics has grown, the design engineer's need for dependable approaches to property prediction for these systems has grown tremendously. It is quite clear now from experiment that one has to know not only the volume fraction of reinforcement, but also how to account for the effects of reinforcement shape and distribution in space. Most importantly, having accounted for the significant variables, any workable prediction method must be straightforward enough to use in designing without consuming huge amounts of expensive computing time.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed the Frenkel tight-binding model to describe the lower energy states of molecular solids, i.e., ion pair states in which an electron and hole are localized on neighboring lattice sites.
Abstract: The electronic states generally characterize solids as insulators, semiconductors, or metals,1 but in some respects organic molecular crystals are an exception to ths scheme. To describe the lower energy states of these solids, the concepts of a valence band and a conduction band are not very useful because the electrons are hghly localized. These states are described better by the Frenkel tight-binding model in which molecular states are the progenitors of crystal states.2 Generally at higher energies, crystal states not present in the free molecule are expected.3 These states, the ionic states, consist of an electron and an ionized molecule. Such states may be similar to the exciton and conducting states of other solids or may be somewhat unique to the molecular solid, e.g., ion pair states in which an electron and hole are localized on neighboring lattice sites. In spite of the apparent importance of the ionic states in understanding electron and energy transfer phenomena in molecular aggregat...
35 citations
28 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the solution A = Ao, e−az cos cos cos (kz-wt) for an ultrasonic wave propagating in the zdirection with a propagation constant k = 2π/λ/λ, 2πf/v, a radian frequency w = 1πf, and an attenuation coefficient λ = wavelength, f = frequency, and v = phase velocity.
Abstract: Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation are defined by the solution A = Ao, e−az cos (kz-wt) (1) for an ultrasonic wave propagating in the zdirection with a propagation constant k = 2π/λ = 2πf/v, a radian frequency w = 2πf, and an attenuation coefficient a In these definitions, λ = wavelength, f = frequency, and v = phase velocity In this traveling wave, the measurable quantities generally are v and a If one creates a standing wave by superposing two oppositely directed traveling waves within a reflecting plenum, then the standing wave is described by a resonant frequency and a wavelength which give v, and by a decrement which yields a In this paper only traveling wave methods for waves of infinitesimal amplitude will be treated Methods for measuring small changes in v and a will be described
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present advances in surface characterization using leed and auger electron spectroscopy, and present a set of techniques for surface characterization in Solid State Sciences.
Abstract: (1973). Recent advances in surface characterization using leed and auger electron spectroscopy. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 381-393.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines the various stages of fatigue damage on the basis of changes in slip character and dislocation substructures resulting from solid solution alloying, thermomechanical treatments or precipitation hardening.
Abstract: : This review examines the various stages of fatigue damage on the basis of changes in slip character and dislocation sub-structures resulting from solid solution alloying, thermomechanical treatments or precipitation hardening. Cyclic hardening and softening are related to fatigue life of a wide variety of alloy systems, including pure metals, commercial alloys, intermetallic compounds and directionally solidified eutectics. The influence on fatigue behavior of variations in structure produced by processing (e.g., casting defects, inclusions, surface notches) also are considered. Finally, the effects of temperature and aggressive environments on crack nucleation and propagation are related to metallurgical structure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critical review of superconductivity: Phenomena, theory, materials, and properties, with a focus on the superconducting properties of materials.
Abstract: (1973). Superconductivity: Phenomena, theory, materials. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 27-84.
Esso1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of some aspects of heterogeneous catalysis by metals, focusing on the aspects of catalysis in the context of solid state sciences. But
Abstract: (1973). Heterogeneous catalysis: Some aspects of catalysis by metals. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 311-332.
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of Fourier spectroscopy is presented, focusing on the Fourier Spectroscopy: A Critical Review of Solid State Sciences (C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Science: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp 1-25.
Abstract: (1973). Fourier spectroscopy: A critical review. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 1-25.
TL;DR: The ability to “see” with sound is an intriguing concept and several cetaceans, such as the dolphin, also have excellent capability for navigating and locating food by means of sonic energy.
Abstract: The ability to “see” with sound is an intriguing concept. Sound waves scattered from an object can carry much the same image information concerning the object as do scattered light waves. Man is not naturally equipped to efficiently data-process this kind of information. He cannot obtain a good mental image of an object simply by listening to scattered sound. However, nature has provided many examples of animals that can do this. Only recently has this fact been fully appreciated. In 1793, the Italian scientist Spallanzani concluded that bats must have some “new sense” that humans are not aware of. It was not until 1920 that the principle of operation of the “new sense” was found to be somewhat similar to that used by the sonar systems developed a few years before, during World War I. By now it is well known that several cetaceans, such as the dolphin, also have excellent capability for navigating and locating food by means of sonic energy.
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the advances in scanning electron microscopy of surface topography, and present a review of the state-of-the-art in this area.
Abstract: (1973). Recent advances in scanning electron microscopy of surface topography. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 1-4, pp. 333-351.