Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Toxicology in 2020"

TL;DR: This review will give a brief overview of the recent developments and findings on the most relevant general and specific mechanisms and molecular pathways of Cd toxicity.

TL;DR: By chemically interacting with the environment, as well as each other, metal pesticide mixtures may yield unpredictable toxicity and the importance of studying the toxicity of mixtures has never been more critical.

TL;DR: In this paper, heavy metals are nonessential and toxic, even at the minutest concentration, with accumulative tendencies in human tissues, and excessive accumulation of heavy metals in plant foods grown in contaminated areas can, therefore, seriously affect food quality and safety.

TL;DR: Results from experimental studies and methodological developments of the past 2 years that enhanced understanding of oxidative molecules in particles, their transmission to the target organ, and the molecular pathways generating ROS in physiological and pathological processes are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes reports from experimental studies in animals and epidemiological observational findings from environmental exposure to Cd, As, and Pb, with special focus on semen quality parameters as the indicator of male fertility.

TL;DR: The zebrafish is reviewed for its role in translational toxicology because it combines the genetic and physiological advantages of mammalian models with the higher-throughput capabilities and genetic manipulability of invertebrate models.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the adverse effects, or at least the mode of action of each pesticide, reduces the uncertainty when the combined risk of dietary exposure to pesticides is assessed according to the dose-addition model.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of MeHg-mediated effects during nervous system development is summarized, with major molecular targets are thiols and selenols and, in particular, selenoenzymes, resulting in exacerbated oxidative stress–related damage.

TL;DR: Current findings on the impact of toxic metals on the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiome as well as the modulation of metal toxicity by the microbiome are discussed.

TL;DR: Large prospective cohorts studies and good analytical data on exposures are needed to bridge this public health research gap and studies conducted in Brazil failed to generate data relevant for risk assessment and management of pesticides.

TL;DR: The extent of human exposure to chemicals, their endocrine-disrupting mechanisms of action, and the relationship between exposure and various human diseases raise significant scientific and public health concerns.

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of biomarkers to detect early damage to the cardiovascular system by exposure to low amounts of heavy metals may be beneficial, and the clinical status for the patient can be questioned by determining long-term low levels of exposure to humans for doses empirically used to induce cardiotoxicity.

TL;DR: Under some circumstances, ultrasmall nanoparticles can ligate cellular receptors or interact with other cell machinery and drive distinct cell signalling, as well as the potential for inflammasome activation, are discussed as feasible pathways to understanding or de-bunking particle toxicity.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of in-vivo studies revealing the action of plastics and its additives on oxidative stress parameters in aquatic organisms is presented. But the authors focus on human and fish cell models because they serve to unravel the mechanisms of action of plastic additives and predict the consequences of exposure.

TL;DR: The objectives of this review are to overlook the current achievements based on the new approaches of ENPs' risk assessment, such as bioinformatics approaches and machine learning tools, and confirm their ability to reliable prediction and evaluation of ENP' behavior and their toxic endpoints.

TL;DR: It is explained why health benefits from a decreased exposure to pesticides through organic food consumption remain unsubstantiated and recommended dietary intervention studies be conducted to determine if a group of individuals consuming an organic wholefood diet or an equivalent nonorganic diet present any differences in health status.

TL;DR: The primary message, for today's state-of-art, is that in vivo models have not been good enough and at times woeful and why studies on biomarkers of particle uptake, and lower gut/mesenteric lymph nodes as targets, should be prioritized.

TL;DR: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers great potential to address the need for faster and more reliable testing methods for predictive toxicology, and is likely to prove useful as a complementary tool for early toxicity screening, as well as for the identification of conserved modes of toxic action.

TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the mechanistic relationship between CYP1A enzymes and oxidative stress in relation to various diseases in different organs (e.g., liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, and reproductive organs).

TL;DR: Some of the most recent advancements in occupational toxicology are summarized, focusing on biological mechanisms linking environmental exposure to pesticides, inflammation, and cytokine modulation, as well as genetic polymorphisms or epigenetic modifications which can represent factors of vulnerability for exposed workers.

TL;DR: In this article, the challenge of validating a system's performance and extrapolating it's responses to those of an animal or human remains has been addressed by using in vitro 3D cultures and microphysiological systems.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to promote the further development of human iPSC-CM technology to address existing gaps in drug development, improve the prediction of patient susceptibility to therapeutic drugs, and enhance postmarketing surveillance of severe adverse drug reactions.

TL;DR: Metal-based nanoparticles, composites, drug delivery systems, sensors, and detectors have demonstrated therapeutic potential against various cancer cell lines and microbial infections and have diagnostic potential for the detection of various oxidative stress parameters in different biological fluids.

TL;DR: DILIsym provides an example of how increased application of quantitative systems toxicology modeling should lead to more efficient development of new drugs and can identify patient-specific risk factors for drug-induced liver injury.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the effects of conventional smoking and medically-aided smoking cessation on oxidative stress and the effects the new smoking-like devices: HNBC (heat-not-burn tobacco cigarettes) and ENDS (electronic nicotine-delivery system) on oxidative burden.

TL;DR: This review will discuss the cellular sources, amplification mechanisms and the consequences of the excessive formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the clinically relevant mouse model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, and provides the rationale for the development of new antidotes that target the formation or metabolism of mitochondrial superoxide.

TL;DR: Resources need to be devoted to better approaches to the hazard identification of nanomaterials to insure safe development and application of nanotechnology and for the protection of human health and the environment.

TL;DR: This review focuses on in silico approaches, computer models, and computational intelligence for developmental and reproductive toxicity (predictive DART), providing a means to measure toxicodynamics in simulated systems for quantitative prediction of adverse outcomes phenotypes.

TL;DR: A review of the recent advances in the field of investigative toxicology with a particular focus on the toxicological endpoint drug-induced liver injury is presented in this paper, with a focus on liver injury.

TL;DR: A systematic approach is needed to qualify these biomarkers with regulatory authorities so translational imaging could be incorporated into drug development and its unique potential translated into safer and cheaper medicines.