Showing papers in "egyptian journal of basic and applied sciences in 2018"
TL;DR: The pink yeast Rhodotorula sp.
Abstract: In this study, the pink yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain ATL72 was isolated from salt marches near Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. From phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain ATL72 was closely related to Rhodotorula bloemfonteinensis EU075187 by similarity of 40%. The biological synthesis of nanosilver (AgNPs) using the marine pink yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain ATL72 was established. The UV–Visible spectral analysis confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs showing a characteristic peak around 400–500 nm. TEM analysis not only confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs but also described the spherical and oval shaped nanoparticle besides size measurements ranged from 8.8 to 21.4 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed a strong antimicrobial activity by causing a complete inhibition of growth for a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi with low MIC value. In conclusion, the pink yeast Rhodotorula sp., strain ATL72 isolated from Egypt is a promising new biological source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles having a potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
78 citations
TL;DR: The current understanding of the anticancer effects of EGCG and its effects with other combinations on different kinds of cancers and the available information for the possible mechanism of action is summarized.
Abstract: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major bioactive catechin in green tea (GT) has been studied for almost past thirty years as an agent initially for its cancer chemoprevention effects and ...
78 citations
TL;DR: This study presents promising results of the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an effective and safe alternative of fungicides for managing tomato early blight.
Abstract: There is a growing interest in the development of alternative strategies in plant disease management to reduce dependency on synthetic chemicals. In this study, we described synthesis and evaluatio...
55 citations
TL;DR: The results concluded that secondary metabolite from Alternaria sp.
Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used as an alternative medicine to promote human health and longevity in many regions of the world since ancient times. In recent years, many novel secondary metabolites ...
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, different polarity banana extracts from local and imported ripe bananas and the amount of phenols and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant potential were determined by applying various spectroscopic methods.
Abstract: Bananas are globally used trade crops for nutrition and traditional medicine. The following research aims to study different polarity banana extracts from local and imported ripe bananas and determine the amount of phenols and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant potential by applying various spectroscopic methods. The banana extracts were prepared from the powdered banana samples of Pilipino (Cavendish) and Salalah ripe banana (Somali) by the maceration method with methanol. The methanol extracts were suspended separately in water and successively partitioned by using solvents of different polarity, namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and water in an increasing polarity pattern. The amount of total phenols and flavonoids contents and antioxidant potential were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride and diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl methods. The maximum amount of total phenols in the Pilipino ripe banana was detected in ethyl acetate extract, and the minimum was in the n-butanol extract, but in the local Salalah ripe banana the maximum amount of phenols content was obtained in methanol extracts, and the minimum was in n-butanol extract. Similarly, the maximum total flavonoids content in the Pilipino banana was obtained in chloroform extract and the minimum in n-hexane extract with a similar order for total flavonoids content in case of the Salalah ripe banana. Both types of ripe banana crude extracts showed significant antioxidant potential, with the maximum potential in chloroform and n-hexane extracts and the minimum in ethyl acetate crude extract. Therefore, the maximum potential extract of the bananas could be used as natural antioxidants.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, microwave-assisted spent black tea leaves (MASTL) were used as effective low-cost green adsorbents for the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions and adequately characterized.
Abstract: In this work, microwave-assisted spent black tea leaves (MASTL) were used as effective low-cost green adsorbents for the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions and adequately characterized. The pHpzc of MASTL was found to be 4.6. The experimental conditions, such as pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose and EBT concentration, were optimized to evaluate the interaction of EBT with MASTL. The adsorption isotherms were simulated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The results showed that the Langmuir model best fitted the adsorption data. The monolayer adsorption capacity was calculated to be 242.72 mg/g at 25 °C. The thermodynamic data calculated from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and physicochemical in nature. The results revealed that the MASTL could be used as low-cost green adsorbents for the efficient removal of EBT from aqueous solutions in environmental pollution clean-up.
39 citations
TL;DR: Compound 19, exhibiting inhibition of 67.56%, 53.45%, and 47.56% against isocitrate lyase, pantothenate synthetase and chorismate mutase, respectively is the most potent antitubercular compound among the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives.
Abstract: A series of benzimidazole derivatives (1–20) was synthesized and evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial, antitubercular and anticancer activities. Compound 10 was found to be the most active antibacterial agent. The compounds active in in vitro evaluation against M. tuberculosis were further assessed for their in vivo activity in mice and for their capacity to inhibit the vital mycobacterial enzymes viz., isocitrate lyase, pantothenate synthetase and chorismate mutase. The dose of the compounds in antitubercular evaluation that proved fatal and highly toxic to mice was 5.67 mg/kg while lethal dose varied from 1.82 mg/kg to 3.23 mg/kg body weight of the mice. A dose of 1.34 mg/kg was found to be safe for each of the compounds. All compounds inhibited the mycobacterial enzymes but to a lesser extent than streptomycin sulphate used as positive control. Compound 19, exhibiting inhibition of 67.56%, 53.45%, and 47.56% against isocitrate lyase, pantothenate synthetase and chorismate mutase, respectively is the most potent antitubercular compound among the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives. Further, compound 19 also emerged as a potent anticancer agent (IC50 = 0.0013 µM) than 5-flourouracil against breast cancer cell line (MCF 7).
37 citations
TL;DR: The EPS appears significant in vitro antitumor activities against two cancers cells EACC and lung cancer A-549 and a broad range of bacteria and fungi were inhibited with purified EPS.
Abstract: The present study aims to survey exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production in 29 bacterial strains isolated from the sediments around the mangrove trees in Ras Mohamed area, Red Sea Coast, Sinai Peninsu...
31 citations
TL;DR: Vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles can be used to treat NCI-H460 cells and Erythrocyte aggregation assay confirmed non-toxicity of nanoparticles.
Abstract: Vincristine is used to treat different type of cancers. But unwanted side effects limit their applications in medicine. To overcome these side effects by targeted drug delivery approach, we synthesized vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy. DLS confirmed small sized nanoparticles (<200 nm) while FTIR confirmed different functional groups associated with synthesized nanoparticles. SEM showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with smooth surface, whereas, TEM confirmed loading of vincristine in folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles. Anticancer activity of vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles was checked by MTT assay on NCI-H460 cells followed by reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptotic morphological changes, which confirmed the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Erythrocyte aggregation assay confirmed non-toxicity of nanoparticles. Hence, these nanoparticles can be used to treat NCI-H460 cells.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a phytochemical screening was performed to determine the content of phenolic compound, to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities of ethanol, water-ethanol and water extracts of Lophira procera.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to perform phytochemical screening, to determine the content of phenolic compound, to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities of ethanol, water-ethanol and water extracts of Lophira procera. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay, anti-inflammatory activity by proteins denaturation inhibition and membranes stabilization test and antiangiogenic activity by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) method. The results showed that this plant is rich in saponins, polyphenols, tannins, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and coumarins. Extracts presented a strong antioxidant activity (IC50 values of 5.452 ± 0.119 μg/mL and 6.346 ± 0.544 μg/mL and respective AAI of 9.173 ± 0.203 and 7.919 ± 0.711). Excellent anti-inflammatory activity was also observed (IC50 = 16.952 ± 1.897 and IC50 = 23.172 ± 0.066 μg/mL for inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization respectively). Finally, extracts manifested a very good anti-angiogenic activity (with inhibitions ranging from 57.142 ± 0.124% to 100%). These biological activities are certainly due to high content of phenolic compound. This is the first study to report the phytochemical screening, the content of phenolic compound, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities of extract derived from Lophira procera. The use of this plant in traditional medicine against ulcers, breast cancer, kidney and dental pain is therefore justified and its potential as a candidate for bioactive therapeutic molecule.
23 citations
TL;DR: Salvinia molesta, commonly known as giant Salvinia, is a floating fern belonging to the family of Salviniaceae, and the active fractions of the fern extract were separated using column chromatography and phenolic compounds present in the active fraction were determined by RP-HPLC.
Abstract: Salvinia molesta, commonly known as giant Salvinia, is a floating fern belonging to the family of Salviniaceae. In this study the active fractions of the fern extract were separated using column chromatography and phenolic compounds present in the active fractions were determined by RP-HPLC. Ethyl acetate extract was found to possess significant pharmacological activity when compared to other extracts under study and therefore an attempt was made to fractionate ethyl acetate extract. The analysis was performed through two different mobile phases involving solvent A (acetonitrile) and solvent B (0.1% phosphoric acid in water) and solvent A (methanol) and Solvent B (4% acetic acid). HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compounds namely ascorbic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, resorcinol, catechol, vanillin and benzoic acid with specific retention times. The detected compounds possess antioxidant and antitumour activities. The results of the present study suggests the possibility to use S. molesta as a source for a plausible antioxidant agent which could be isolated and used as a lead candidate for the development of antioxidant drugs that help stop or limit damage caused by free radicals and to counteract oxidative stress leading to the prevention of a variety of chronic and degenerative diseases.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the larvicidal activity of alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, Annona squamosa, Coccinia grandis and Eclipta prostrata extracted using solvents of various polarity.
Abstract: Larvicidal activity was assessed for alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, Annona squamosa, Coccinia grandis and Eclipta prostrata extracted using solvents of various polarity. Third instar stage larvae of Dengue-vector, Aedes aegypti and Japanese encephalitis (JE) causing mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus were subjected to larvicidal bioassay at various concentrations (1000, 500, 250 ppm). The results explored that the phytoconstituents and secondary metabolites present in all the plants elucidated potent larvicidal activity. Among the tested extract ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and hexane extract expressed significant larvicidal activity. Similarly, these plants were subjected to green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterized and subjected for its larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi causing malaria. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy respectively. The FTIR analysis strongly supported the capping behaviour of bio-reduced synthesized silver nanoparticles which in turn imparted the high stability of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The average size of synthesized nanoparticles was less than 1 µm, most spherical in shape with SEM analysis. The findings revealed that Eclipta prostrata and Annona squamosa has effective larvicidal activity, whereas all the synthesised nanoparticles demonstrated dose dependent activity even at very low concentration and the findings reveals that these extracts and nanoparticles can be a better remedy against these mosquitoes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the efficiency of different antennas proposed for microwave ablation therapy using numerical simulation and experimental approach, which was done with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® software to design antenna prototypes and evaluate its reflection coefficient, power dissipation distribution, power disipation density, specific absorption rate and temperature distribution in tissue.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of different antennas proposed for microwave ablation therapy using numerical simulation and experimental approach. The simulation was done with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® software to design antenna prototypes and evaluate its reflection coefficient, power dissipation distribution, power dissipation density, specific absorption rate and temperature distribution in tissue. Antennas were fabricated from a 50 Ω RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable to match the geometric prototypes generated during simulation. Ex vivo bovine livers were ablated with the fabricated antennas using 50 W for 5 and 10 min. Ablation diameters, ablation lengths and aspect ratios were determined. Sleeved antenna produced lowest reflection coefficient, high power dissipation, low power dissipation density, high SAR and high temperature in the simulation. Sleeved antenna provides excellent localization, large ablative diameter, low backward heating and high aspect ratio than single slot, dual slot and monopole antennas.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of diversity of lipoidal and phenolic compounds found in the peels of two common edible plants in the Middle East; Pisum sativum and Vicia faba L. for their assesment as anticancer agents.
Abstract: For a long time, plant secondary metabolites have been strongly examined for their antitumor and cytotoxic impacts. These days, there is another pattern of making utilization of the waste products of plants because of their extravagance of numerous phytochemical components and adequacy on human wellbeing. This research work is handling the effect of diversity of lipoidal and phenolic compounds found in the peels of two common edible plants in the Middle East; Pisum sativum and Vicia faba L. for their assesment as anticancer agents. The GC/MS of the n-hexane extract of both plant peels led to identification of twenty compounds (82.99%) and seventeen compounds (85.97%) of the total lipoidal contents from P. sativum and V. faba, respectively. While the HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of the two plant peels resulted in recognition of 17 flavonoids and 18 phenolics from P. sativum and 16 flavonoids and 17 phenolics from V. faba. Moreover, four flavonoidal compounds were isolated to our knowledge for the first time from the peels and tested separately against different human cancer cell lines and the mode of action of the most potent compound has been determined. P. sativum ethyl acetate fraction possessed the highest scavenging activity (31.2%) as well as the most cytotoxic effect on breast carcinoma cell line. Apigenin proved to be the most potent tested compound on (MCF-7) and has no cytotoxic effect on normal human skin cell lines.
TL;DR: The focus is to explore key concepts of ophthalmic drug delivery with emphasis on the defense mechanisms, design considerations, and safety assessment of LEs for the ocular drug delivery.
Abstract: In the last decade, lipid based emulsions (LEs) have emerged as a novel tool in ophthalmic drug delivery from the aspect of improved bioavailability (BA). Recent research is focuses on two main approaches for BA improvement i.e., by enhancing the corneal permeability and increasing the retention time of drug on the ocular surface. The LEs have great potential to delivery hydrophobic drug because drug molecules get dissolve in oil globule and main advantage associated are reduced toxic effect and improved self-life of drug molecule. Ophthalmic drug delivery is always an interesting and challenging task for the pharmacologists and formulation scientists due to the unique structure of eye. Development of drug delivery system and its delivery to target receptor of the eye is very difficult for scientists due to the strong defense mechanism of eye. In this review, the focus is to explore key concepts of ophthalmic drug delivery with emphasis on the defense mechanisms, design considerations, and safety assessment of LEs for the ocular drug delivery.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a modified 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method to determine the antioxidant activity of different polarity crude extracts and isolated pure compounds.
Abstract: Traditionally, Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) is used worldwide for the treatment of different chronic diseases. The current investigation involves the isolation, structure characterization and prediction of antioxidant compounds from the leaves of D. viscosa, which was collected from AL-Hamra, Sultanate of Oman. The leaves samples were used for the extraction of plant constituents with methanol by using hot extraction method. The methanol solvent was evaporated by usual method and the crude extract was dissolved in water and fractionation successively with different polarity solvents to give hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water extracts, respectively. The antioxidant activity of different polarity crude extracts and isolated pure compounds was determined by modified 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The highest antioxidant activity was found in hexane extract and the lowest antioxidant activity was found in butanol extract and followed by hexane > chloroform > ethyl acetate > methanol > water > butanol extract. The hexane and ethyl acetate crude extracts were used for the isolation and separation of antioxidant compounds by using different chromatographic techniques. The isolated pure compounds were characterized as 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane (1) and 4-methoxylstigmasterol (2) by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR. Both the compounds, 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane (1) and 4-methoxylstigmasterol (2) were isolated for the first time from the selected Omani plant species. The pure compounds obtained from hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the selected plant species could be a good source of natural antioxidant.
TL;DR: Ocimum gratissimum leaves possesses ameliorative effects against acetic acid-induced colitis as a consequence of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
Abstract: The beneficial effects of Ocimum gratissimum, have been attributed mainly to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the protective effects of aqueous extract of O...
TL;DR: Chitosan/polycaprolactone (Ch/PCL) semi-natural polymeric blend containing gradient concentrations of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) dopant were synthesized via hot injection method.
Abstract: Chitosan/polycaprolactone (Ch/PCL) semi-natural polymeric blend containing gradient concentrations of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) dopant were synthesized via hot injection method. Synthesized samples containing different concentration of CdSe QDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and FTIR absorption spectroscopy. FTIR experimental data of synthesized samples shows the maintenance of characteristic vibrational band with a marginal variation in both intensity and position related to the increase in dopant concentration. XRD patterns reveal amorphous nature of prepared virgin blend and blend samples that contain small amount of QDs. Samples with higher QDs concentration, namely (0.008, 0.016) wt% show appearance of crystalline bands related to the (1 1 1) reflection plane and in agreement with JCPDS card no. 19-0191. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that morphology of synthesized bio-composites is critically affected by addition of CdSe QDs. Antibacterial tests reveals different inhibition zone related to increasing concentration of CdSe QDs and type of bacteria under investigation. Evaluation of The activity index % were also studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the antitumor activity of polyphenon-E (PE) encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in Ehrlich solid tumor in mice.
Abstract: Limited bioavailability of green tea polyphenols hampered their delivery to tumor and hence therapeutic effectiveness. This study investigated the antitumor activity of polyphenon-E (PE) encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in Ehrlich solid tumor in mice. CSNPs-PE, with a particle size of 53–69 nm showed 83% entrapment efficiency and a sustained release of PE in pH = 7.4 at 37 °C. The data demonstrated a higher percentage of released drug in case of less crosslinked formulations. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells (2.5 × 106/0.2 ml/mouse) were injected subcutaneously in the back of mice. Oral administration of CSNPs-PE for 30 days produced a significant decrease in tumor volume (53%) and weight (60%) compared with free PE and voids CSNPs (72%). Compared with free PE and control, cell cycle revealed G0/G1 arrest associated with decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In tumor tissue of CSNPs-PE treated mice, compared with free PE, there were; 1) induction of Bax and p53, 2) activation of caspases-3,-8 and -9, and CD95, 3) decrease in Bcl-2 expression of 4) inhibition of VEGF and CD31 expressions in tumor tissue. In conclusion, encapsulation of PE into CSNPs provided a good platform for cancer chemotherapy and raised existing application of different polyphenols for nanochemotherapy/prevention.
TL;DR: Sphingolipids and their related metabolizing enzymes introduced as new pharmacological targets will be helpful in anticancer drug development.
Abstract: Apoptosis or programmed cell death applies as a protected way to remove unwanted cells and plays a determinative role in many important biological processes such as normal development and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The main purpose of studies in this field is to focus on understanding the related regulatory mechanisms and novel approaches to the discovery of anticancer drugs. Among the apoptotic messenger molecules, the key roles of sphingosine and ceramide as the backbone of sphingolipids were considered in many pathways of apoptosis. It has been shown that ceramide plays an important regulatory role in apoptosis and its increased cytoplasmic levels lead to programmed cell death. Ceramide biosynthesis and biodegradation occur via several different enzymes they can be affected by many external factors. Instead, phosphorylated form sphingosine is an important biomarker for cell proliferation and differentiation. Phosphatases, kinases, and proteases are the main operators for ceramide messaging and they can affect different pathways of apoptosis directly or indirectly. Sphingosine is an extracellular ligand for G-protein receptors and an intracellular second messenger to promote cell survival. Many different types of current chemotherapy drugs and some understudy compounds for cancer can at least affect one of the ceramide metabolizing enzymes. Serine palmitoyltransferases, sphingomyelinase, ceramidase, and glucosylceramide synthase are the most important enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism have been the discussed in many studies. Consequently, sphingolipids and their related metabolizing enzymes introduced as new pharmacological targets will be helpful in anticancer drug development.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the vasorelaxant effect of aqueous extract from CO leaves was endothelium-independent and was possibly mediated through the blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channel and receptor-operated calcium channel.
Abstract: Canarium odontophyllum (CO) (Miq.) (Burseraceae) has been traditionally consumed for its antioxidant benefit in maintaining longetivity. However, there is no report concerning its pharmacological a...
TL;DR: Investigation of lipolytic and anti-adipogenic activity of crude extracts from ZC on in vitro cultures of the mouse adipocyte cell-model provided evidences of mechanisms that apparently verify the traditional use of ZC to prevent obesity.
Abstract: Zingiber cassumunar (ZC) is used by tribal people in northern Thailand in traditional remedies for anti-obesity and in food recipes. Extracts from this plant have been studied for several pharmacological effects including anti-obesity, but with no clear evidence on cellular mechanism of activity. This study aim to investigate the lipolytic and anti-adipogenic activity of crude extracts from ZC on in vitro cultures of the mouse adipocyte cell-model, 3T3-L1. Dry rhizome powder was extracted with absolute ethanol and boiled-water. On the exposed pre-adipocytes to the extracts, cytotoxicity was not detected by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lipid content and glycerol release were assessed using Oil Red-O and a commercial Adipolysis Assay kits respectively. The extracts exhibited no significant lipolytic activity on the exposed mature-adipocytes, in serial dilutions ranging from 1 to 800 µg/ml. However, anti-lipogenic activity was presented. All extracts significantly reduced the lipid content of exposed differentiating-adipocytes. This anti-lipogenic activity was confirmed by the expression of selected genes, determined by using real-time PCR techniques, in four groups namely: adipocyte differentiation genes, glucose uptake genes, lipid metabolism genes and fatty acid oxidation genes. 1H NMR spectrum of the extracts exhibited the prominent olefinic protons of phenylbutanoids, the group of compounds previously proved with several bioactivities. This study provided evidences of mechanisms that apparently verify the traditional use of ZC to prevent obesity.
TL;DR: Pre-treatment with Spirulina protected mice from CP-induced urotoxicity, probably via its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
Abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-neoplastic drug, which is widely used for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors. One of the major side effects of CP is hemorrhagic cystitis. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis; Sp) is a blue-green algae with the ability to attenuate oxidative stress, which may be utilized for alleviating side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in the clinic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Sp, to protect mice from cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hemorrhagic cystitis due to its antioxidant properties. Adult female mice were orally administered Sp (600 g/kg body weight/day) over nine days as well as a single dose of CP (40 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally either four days previously (CP + Sp group) or four days after the start of Sp intake (Sp + CP group); two further groups were treated with either Sp or CP only, respectively. The results showed that CP induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice, with levels of malondialdehyde (MAD) significantly increased and those of glutathione (GSH) decreased compared with the control group (P
TL;DR: The top ranking molecules can be considered as a suitable drug candidate for GABA causing problems, and the natural molecules rosmarinic acid, curcumin and mangiferin were close to that of superior one.
Abstract: 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA) receptors are the key mediators of quick inhibitory synaptic transmission in the midpoint of the nervous system in mammalian. Dysfunction of GABA receptors contributes the genetic disorders and chronic neurological disorders include childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, adolescent myoclonic epilepsy, and seizures. They get affected by mutations of GABA subunit genes from the brain. The neurological diseases of Huntington, Alzheimer, Epilepsy and Parkinsonism are affecting due to the mutation of GABA levels. Thus, this study has chosen 32 molecules from thirty-one medicinal plants, after which we executed significant computational approaches such as homology modeling, molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). In the computational approaches, the analogue O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]pentofuranosyl-(1-3) pentopyranosyl-(1-4)pentose showed the superior docking scores of −9.336 with well binding affinities. Moreover, the natural molecules rosmarinic acid, curcumin and mangiferin were close to that of superior one. Based on this scrutinizes, we concluded that the top ranking molecules can be considered as a suitable drug candidate for GABA causing problems.
TL;DR: The present study was designed to explore ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory plants in the anti-cancer drug development by using computational in silico tools such as PASS, admetSAR, and CLC-pred to investigate the antineoplastic capacity of anti- inflammatory plants.
Abstract: The present study was designed to explore ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory plants in the anti-cancer drug development. From the specialized local herbalists of the study area, who were treating tumors using anti-inflammatory plants by considering as a type of inflammation and explaining the potential of anti-inflammatory plants in prevalence of early stage's cancer. Interaction results obtained from the herbalists, and in silico PASS and CLC-pred prediction results were greatly agreed with documented data. Documentation was done through semi-structure standard designed proforma from the selected herbalist in study locality. A number of active compounds selected from recorded plants subsequently analyzed by using computational in silico tools such as PASS, admetSAR, and CLC-pred to investigate the antineoplastic capacity of anti-inflammatory plants. About 18 out of 20 plants said to be used in tumor-related affliction recognized for antineoplastic capacity using PASS database with high probability. Similarly, the selected compound's absorption, metabolism, and toxicity also predicted using the admetSAR tool. CLC-pred Tools performed to examine the different cell line cytotoxicity of compounds with respective probabilities.
TL;DR: Diphyllin was found to possess higher anticandidal activity against various Candida species with the Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and inhibition zone and was twice more active than miconazole against C. glabrata.
Abstract: In this study, diphyllin [9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one] was isolated from Cleistanthus collinus leaf extract. The isolated compound and leaf extract...
TL;DR: Discovering the mutations and the genes responsible for cataractogenesis are important in achieving a response to the molecular deficiencies and pathophysiologic features of inherited congenital cataracts.
Abstract: Congenital cataract is defined as an opacification of the eye lens appearing at birth or shortly thereafter Congenital cataract is one of the highest significant causes of blindness or optical impairment in the childhood Cataract, the cloudiness of the lens is the most frequent reason of blindness worldwide, demonstrating nearly half of all causes of loss of sight worldwide A significant amount of isolated congenital cataract has monogenic roots It is genetically heterogeneous, and all the modes of Mendelian inheritance have been described Numerous genes linked with inherited and paediatric cataracts have been recognised Inherited congenital cataract has been linked with mutations in particular genes, comprising of crystallins, membrane transport channel proteins, gap junction proteins, the development transcriptional factors and the cytoskeleton Discovering the mutations and the genes responsible for cataractogenesis are important in achieving a response to the molecular deficiencies and pathophysiologic features of inherited congenital cataracts
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of low dose (10cGy) and high dose (2※Gy) X-rays on the lung of whole-body irradiated rats was investigated using the Dielectric and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Abstract: The Dielectric and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used to investigate the effect of low dose (10 cGy) and high dose (2 Gy) X-rays on the lung of whole-body irradiated rats The dielectric permittivity e′, dielectric loss e″, electric modulus M′ and the imaginary part of the electric modulus M″ measured show changes in the molecular dynamics of the cellular membrane following 10 cGy and 2 Gy-irradiation, reflecting change in the fluidity of the cellular membrane following irradiation, with the most significant change recorded following 2 Gy-irradiation The FTIR data further illustrate an increase in the fluidity cellular membrane following 10 cGy and 2 Gy-irradiations as marked by the shift and broadening of the CH2 asymmetric stretching vibration band However, our findings show that 2 Gy-irradiation effects on the cellular membrane were much higher than 10 cGy but they also highlight the considerable effect of radiation dose as low as 10 cGy and its associated risk
TL;DR: Visfatin gene expression level was decreased in placenta of pregnant hypertensive disorder women groups and malondialdhyde level was increased in preeclampsia groups when compared with normalized pregnant women, suggesting the complication in pregnancy.
Abstract: Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, was related to hypertension, diabetes, oxidative stress, obesity, in addition to polycystic ovarian diseases. Visfatin, potentially a new adipokine has emerged having high contribution in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Oxidative stress was increased lipid peroxidation and caused vascular endothelial damage. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the level of visfatin gene expression in placenta and measuring some oxidative stress parameters. Eighty Egyptian patients of newly diagnosed pregnant hypertensive disorder were selected for the study which was recruited from Mansoura University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and also normotensive pregnant women were collected. The pregnant women groups were classified into four groups: gestational hypertension (n = 20), mild preeclampsia (n = 16), severe preeclampsia (n = 25), chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia (n = 19) and compared with normotensive pregnant women (n = 10) as control group. Visfatin gene expression level was decreased in placenta of pregnant hypertensive disorder women groups with mean 1.28 ± 0.42, 1.01 ± 0.24, 0.40 ± 0.14 and 0.32 ± 0.11 respectively when compared to normotensive pregnant women with mean 1.56 ± 0.69. Additionally, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione levels were decreased in hypertensive pregnant women groups compared with normotensive ones. On the other hand malondialdhyde level was increased in preeclampsia groups when compared with normalized pregnant women. Decreased visfatin level has an important pathophysiology of preeclampsia and suggests the complication in pregnancy. Also the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant has an important causative factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
TL;DR: A complete quantum chemical study of [1, 2, 4]-triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazole has been done with the combination of DFT/B3LYP method and 6-311G(d, p) basis set.
Abstract: In this paper a complete quantum chemical study of [1,2,4]-triazolo [3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole has been done with the combination of DFT/B3LYP method and 6-311G(d, p) basis set. The vibrational assignments are calculated with the help of PED. By using quantum theory of atoms in the molecule (QTAIM) we have calculated topological parameters at BCP point by which the nature of several intermolecular hydrogen bondings are studied. Electronic properties are calculated with the help of HOMO-LUMO plot. Chemical active sites of title molecule are described by FF, chemical hardness, chemical softness etc. UV spectra are calculated with the help of TDDFT using optimized parameters. NBO analysis gives idea about transfer of charge between bonding and antibonding electrons. Biological activity analysis suggests that the molecule can be used in anti- inflammatory drugs to explore new drugs. The molecule is docked with MBNL1 receptor with the help of Swiss-Dock online server with Full fitness score of −541.58 a.u.