Showing papers in "European Psychologist in 2018"
TL;DR: Internet- and mobile-based psychological interventions have high potential for improving mental health and should be implemented more widely in routine care.
Abstract: . The majority of mental health disorders remain untreated. Many limitations of traditional psychological interventions such as limited availability of evidence-based interventions and clin...
244 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed existing evidence on how the intercultural competence of young people can be promoted by schools, and examined the concept of inter-cultural competence, and how to promote it in schools.
Abstract: . This paper reviews existing evidence on how the intercultural competence of young people can be promoted by schools. It begins by examining the concept of intercultural competence, and th...
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw upon developmental psychology theory to highlight the developmental process of acculturation in adolescent immigrants, and describe different ways in which development and a new culture are linked.
Abstract: . We draw upon developmental psychology theory to highlight the developmental process of acculturation in adolescent immigrants. First, we describe different ways in which development and a...
54 citations
TL;DR: For instance, there is an emerging consensus among researchers that having pedophilic interests is not synonymous with child sexual abuse or other amoral behavior as mentioned in this paper. Nevertheless, misconceptions about pedophilia persist.
Abstract: . There is an emerging consensus among researchers that having pedophilic interests is not synonymous with child sexual abuse or other amoral behavior. Nevertheless, misconceptions about pe...
52 citations
TL;DR: This paper highlighted individual differences which shape their unique experiences, while considering three levels of the school context in terms of how they may affect adaptation outcomes: interindividual interactions in the classroom, characteristics of the classroom or school (such as ethnic composition and diversity climate), and relevant school-and nation-level policies.
Abstract: Schools are important for the academic and socio-emotional development, as well as acculturation of immigrant-and refugee-background youth. We highlight individual differences which shape their unique experiences, while considering three levels of the school context in terms of how they may affect adaptation outcomes: (1) interindividual interactions in the classroom (such as peer relations, student-teacher relations, teacher beliefs, and teaching practices), (2) characteristics of the classroom or school (such as ethnic composition and diversity climate), and (3) relevant school-and nation-level policies (such as diversity policies and school tracking). Given the complexity of the topic, there is a need for more research taking an integrated and interdisciplinary perspective to address migration related issues in the school context. Teacher beliefs and the normative climate in schools seem particularly promising points for intervention, which may be easier to change than structural aspects of the school context. More inclusive schools are also an important step toward more peaceful interethnic relations in diverse societies.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrative contextual and developmental approach to religious identity development and acculturative adaptation among adolescents with an immigrant background is proposed, where the authors propose an approach based on the integration of religious identity and cultural adaptation.
Abstract: . This review proposes an integrative contextual and developmental approach to religious identity development and acculturative adaptation among adolescents with an immigrant background. Re...
43 citations
TL;DR: In Europe there are important concerns about fundamentalist religious beliefs among Muslim youth and “homegrown” radicalization that can lead to violent extremism as discussed by the authors. But these concerns are limited to Islam.
Abstract: . In Europe there are important concerns about fundamentalist religious beliefs among Muslim youth and “homegrown” radicalization that can lead to violent extremism. For these phenomena, di...
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review provides an overview of theories and empirical studies on three key components of identity: distinctiveness (seeing the self as unique and distinct from others), coherence, and continuity.
Abstract: Studies on identity formation focus on various components of identity. However, these components have mainly been studied separately, and researchers in different fields are not always aware of each other’s work. Therefore, this systematic review provides an overview of theories and empirical studies on three key components of identity: distinctiveness (seeing the self as unique and distinct from others), coherence (perceiving the self as similar across life domains), and continuity (perceiving the self as the same person over time). This systematic review focused on the development of these components and linkages with psychosocial functioning. Findings suggest important differences between the three identity components. Therefore, we propose an integrative developmental framework of identity, including all three identity components and their linkages.
37 citations
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the developmental continuum of identity status has been a topic of theoretical debate since the early 1980's and a recent meta-analysis and recent studies with dual cycle models lead to two...
Abstract: . The developmental continuum of identity status has been a topic of theoretical debate since the early 1980’s. A recent meta-analysis and recent studies with dual cycle models lead to two ...
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of personal and social identity has been carried out, after addressing classical models of Personal and Social Identity, which have generally been considered as separate components of individual's self-concept.
Abstract: . Personal and social identity have generally been considered as separate components of individual’s self-concept. In this review, after addressing classical models of personal and social i...
TL;DR: The authors showed that rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development, both at the individual level and at the individua...
Abstract: . Rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development. These influences occur both at the individua...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the current state of knowledge on CSEM offenders and reviewed the factors related to recidivism among them, including access to children, atypical sexual interest, socio-affective dysfunctions, and strategies for maintaining an offence free lifestyle.
Abstract: The downloading and possession of Child Sexual Exploitation Materials (CSEM; also referred to as child pornography and indecent images of children) is the most commonly convicted type of internet sexual offences. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on CSEM offenders. We first provide a summary of the key motivations of CSEM offenders, characteristics of CSEM offenders compared to contact sexual offenders against children, and important facilitative factors. We then review the factors related to recidivism among CSEM offenders. Finally, we describe current developments in the risk assessment, police case prioritization, and treatment approaches for CSEM offenders. Generally, CSEM offenders are found to hold a sexual interest in children, to be low on antisocial tendencies, and to pose a low risk to reoffend (including contact sexual offending). Key facilitative factors for CSEM offending include access to children, offence-supportive cognitions, and sexual arousal. Factors indicative of antisocial tendencies (e.g., criminal history) are associated with an increased risk of reoffending. Lastly, addressing atypical sexual interest, socio-affective dysfunctions, and strategies for maintaining an offence-free lifestyle are key treatment targets for CSEM offenders. Lower treatment dosage, however, should be considered given the lower risk level of CSEM-exclusive offenders. We hope that this review will inspire others to explore the current research gaps in future studies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report that extraordinary increases in refugee and voluntary migration have recently been observed in many European and North American countries, at the same time negative attitudes toward immigrant...
Abstract: . Extraordinary increases in refugee and voluntary migration have recently been observed in many European and North American countries. At the same time, negative attitudes toward immigrant...
TL;DR: In recent years in our increasingly globalized world in many countries we have seen the rise of anti-immigrant feelings among the youth as mentioned in this paper. This has resulted in both discrimination against i...
Abstract: . In recent years in our increasingly globalized world in many countries we have seen the rise of anti-immigrant feelings among the youth. This has resulted in both discrimination against i...
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews is presented to explore what appears to be ineffective in reducing reoffending among people convicted of crime, focusing on interventions aiming to reduce offending among adults serving sentences in custody or the community.
Abstract: . This paper describes a review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, to explore what appears to be ineffective in reducing reoffending among people convicted of crime. The focus of this review is on secondary or tertiary crime prevention initiatives, concentrating on interventions aiming to reduce offending among adults serving sentences in custody or the community. Twenty-one reviews met the inclusion criteria, covering interventions aiming to reduce violence, domestic violence, sexual offending, drug misuse, driving under the influence, and general reoffending. Fourteen of these reviews identified interventions that have no impact on criminal recidivism, and three identified interventions that in at least one study were actively harmful by increasing the risk of recidivism of participants. Findings suggest that ineffective interventions may comprise drug testing as a stand-alone strategy, insight-oriented and behavioral interventions for sexual offending, brief interventions for alcohol misu...
TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of mental processes involved in recall is presented, which can be used to support a reconstruction account and allow for a differentiati cation of the recall process.
Abstract: . Memory is typically conceptualized as a mental space where information is stored until it is retrieved for current processing. This archive account has been undermined by a multitude of findings, however, calling for a theoretical and also a methodological reorientation. In particular, we consider it timely to include an introspective mode of research into the study of memory because such introspective enquiry can provide insights into the recall process that go beyond those of third-person research. The limitations often associated with introspection (e.g., its seemingly subjective quality and its post hoc nature) are well justified – but only as long as the more immature impromptu introspections are concerned. A more systematically developed form of introspection can overcome these limitations. Such a systematic approach is outlined and used here to develop a taxonomy of mental processes involved in recall. Our observations lend support to a reconstruction account and allow for a differentiati...
TL;DR: In addition to the tasks that all parents face, they must also try to find a balance between the task of rearing their children in a foreign country and the tasks of home life.
Abstract: . Immigrant parents face a double challenge in rearing their children in a foreign country. In addition to the tasks that all parents face, they must also try to find a balance between the ...
TL;DR: In the early 20th century, scholars of the so-called Wurzburg School departed from the conventional approach of psychological enquiry and developed a unique type of introspection that unc...
Abstract: . In the early 20th century, scholars of the so-called Wurzburg School departed from the conventional approach of psychological enquiry and developed a unique type of introspection that unc...
TL;DR: In this paper, an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking is proposed to reveal new insights into the nature of thinking proper and cast other psychological phenomena in a new light.
Abstract: . In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interest...
TL;DR: In the context of increasing ethnic diversity in many European countries, a successful development and integration of ethnic minority youth becomes a central concern for the future of Europe as discussed by the authors, and the success of successful integration of minority youth is a major concern.
Abstract: . In the context of increasing ethnic diversity in many European countries, a successful development and integration of ethnic minority youth becomes a central concern for the future of Eur...
TL;DR: In this article, the theories of personal identity and personal identi city are used to cope with the transition to adulthood. But, they need to choose their career and overall life pathway and cope successfully with the transitions they face.
Abstract: . During the transition to adulthood, young people need to choose their career and overall life pathway and cope successfully with the transitions they face. The theories of personal identi...
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment is presented, together with a discussion of the relation between them.
Abstract: . This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides ...
TL;DR: A crisis of human rights and ethics has engulfed the American Psychological Association (APA) and the APA acknowledged "this stain on our collective integrity" as discussed by the authors. But what caused this continuing crisis?
Abstract: . A crisis of human rights and ethics has engulfed the American Psychological Association (APA). The APA acknowledged “this stain on our collective integrity.” What caused this continuing c...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present several attempts in developing incrementally valid risk indicators above and beyond standard actuarial and dynamic risk assessment instruments have been undertaken w.r.t.
Abstract: . Over the last decades several attempts in developing incrementally valid risk indicators above and beyond standard actuarial and dynamic risk assessment instruments have been undertaken w...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed integrative views of identity, in which multiple components and facets of identity are considered, and set theoretical bridges between identity models and theories that are, so far, poorly connected.
Abstract: The identity questions are pervasive in the experience of every human being. They are specifically prominent in developmental periods, such as adolescence, in which individuals change substantially their body, achieve new cognitive abilities, and enlarge their social network (Lerner & Steinberg, 2009). Because of these multiple changes, young people urge to understand who they are, who they want to become, what makes them to be distinct from others, and what gives a sense of continuity despite the ongoing changes (Kroger, 2007). The same issues are highly relevant across other moments of the life span, especially when individuals face transitions that imply renegotiating their identity (e.g., the transition to parenthood, the transition from school to work, or the transition to retirement). Given this centrality of identity in the human experience, it is clearly understandable why identity is one of the most studied constructs in the social sciences (Côté, 2006). As an evidence of this, a search in the bibliographic database Web of Science (in the Social Sciences Citation Index, SSCI) of the references with “identity” indexed in the title yields 37,941 results (data retrieved on May 30, 2018). More than one-third of them are from Psychology (26.44%) and Sociology (12.49%). If we focus on psychological articles (9,350 records), we can note all psychology areas are represented (e.g., experimental psychology, neurosciences, psychometrics, educational psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, applied psychology, and clinical psychology), with most references coming from social psychology (23.89%) and developmental psychology (14.69%) journals. When a topic is so complex and investigated in different fields, as it is the case for identity, while on the one hand the high number of studies being conducted provides new insights and increases the understanding of the topic, on the other hand it risks producing a fragmentation of the scientific knowledge. In fact, when more refined models are developed they can become very sophisticated and proceed on parallel tracks, with limited areas of intersections. As a result, the scientific knowledge of identity is highly specialized but fragmented (Vignoles, Schwartz, & Luyckx, 2011). This special issue aims at advancing the identity literature by addressing this shortcoming. In fact, the common denominator of the six reviews that are presented is to propose integrative views, in which multiple components and facets of identity are considered. Thus, the purpose of each contribution is to set theoretical bridges between identity models and theories that are, so far, poorly connected.
TL;DR: Results showed that most studies used a pre-post methodological design, with few studies performing assessment moments during intervention or follow-up, and attention, memory, and executive functions were the cognitive variables considered by a larger number of studies at the assessment of NRP efficacy.
Abstract: . This systematic review aims to analyze the methods used in the assessment of the efficacy of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Programs (NRP) based on Information and Communication Technologi...