Showing papers in "Experimental Gerontology in 1988"

TL;DR: A biomarker of aging is a biological parameter of an organism that either alone or in some multivariate composite will, in the absence of disease, better predict functional capability at some late age than will chronological age.

TL;DR: The data shows an inverse relationship between life span and temperature for both the long lived (L) and normal (R) strains; however, the higher longevity of the L strain relative to the R strain is not affected by these treatments; therefore, the genetic factors unique to theL strain do not affect the same processes affected by the temperature treatments.

TL;DR: Two determinations serve as independent biomarkers for cell culture aging as they relate to one functional parameter--proliferative capacity and can be used to assess functional age independently of chronological age.

TL;DR: A method is described for using life table data to calculate an estimate of the intensity of selection acting on senescence in wild populations, and the results suggest that pleiotropic genes may be important causes of senescences in some populations, but not in others.

TL;DR: The degradation of elastic fibers catalyzed by cellular elastase-type enzymes is observed in atherosclerosis and also in emphysema and skin aging, and three examples demonstrate the importance of the study of cell matrix interactions for gerontology.

TL;DR: The need for biomarkers of aging as research tools in gerontology is argued, but the greater need for agreement on how to direct the conceptualization of this effort is also emphasized.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the multiplicity of physical and physiological changes associated with aging could be most readily explained by alterations in the regulation and/or the activities of enzymes that occupy central positions in metabolism, and a search for metabolic markers of aging might include efforts to determine if there are age-related changes in the following enzymes or enzyme systems.

TL;DR: It seems likely that physiological markers of aging can be validated only through the appropriate use of maximum life span and the knowledge base that must be obtained to do so is discussed.

TL;DR: Tests of eight biological systems performed in mice suggest that different biological systems age at different rates, that rates are affected by genotype and that an anti-aging treatment beneficial in one genotype may be harmful in another.

TL;DR: This work has studied mainly three aging events in the rat: the reproductive decline, development of numerous mammary and pituitary tumors and the decrease in GH secretion and protein synthesis and found that all three are caused primarily by faults that develop in hypothalamic function.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the cellular GSH level is a determinant of the in vitro life span of human diploid cells.

TL;DR: Effects of H2O2 administration on life span, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, concentrations of endogenous H2 O2, and glutathione in the housefly are described, andCompensatory elevation in GSH may be responsible for the increase in life span observed in 10 mM H 2O2 administered flies.

TL;DR: It is concluded that aging decreases capacity of the gastric mucosa to secrete acid and pepsin, and in aged rats, decreased acid andpepsin output could in part be attributed to mucosal atrophy.

TL;DR: It is envisaged that aging may modifyPurinergic modulation of ACh release by inducing conformational changes in purinergic receptors or changing adenosine metabolism.

TL;DR: The age-induced changes of some phospholipid fractions, membrane fluidity and neutral membrane-bound sphingomyelinase (EC 3.1.4.12) activity in rat liver plasma membranes have been investigated and Alterations in the percentage participation of phosphatidylcholine and sphedomyelin with aging have been established.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, with advancing age, marked alterations occur in the regulation of the T4-TSH system in the dog.

TL;DR: Carcass analysis revealed a fall in body protein in very old (35.5 month) rats, but body fat content increased up to 23 months of age and thereafter declined, and thermogenic response to noradrenaline was significantly reduced with age.

TL;DR: There are no unequivocal reasons to accept the pleiotropy theory of the evolution of senescence, and at the individual level, no relation could be detected between early components of fitness and longevity.

TL;DR: Long-lived recombinant inbred lines, some of which have mean and maximum life spans up to 70% longer than wild type, were used in analyses and the aging process has been dissected into component processes.

TL;DR: Accumulation of the pigment in the perioral muscles with aging was found to be similar to that in the myocardium and tongue muscles.

TL;DR: When theophylline was added to the incubation mixture, both respiration and calcium uptake were depressed in approximately the same proportion in the mitochondria from old rats, although the mitochondrial ATP of young animals was significantly decreased by this substance.

TL;DR: Vitamin E added to standard Cerophyl medium at 0.025 mg/ml significantly increased the mean clonal life span of 32 lines of Paramecium tetraurelia when compared to unsupplemented, paired controls, and Survivorship of the last individual cells (nondividing) of each clone followed an exponential decline.

TL;DR: In hippocampal cells and motor nerve terminals, the rate of calcium clearance from the immediate vicinity of the membrane decreases with age, and dendritic branching becomes more extensive with moderate age; at advanced age, though, branching decreases.

TL;DR: No impairment of skeletal muscle blood flow or change in fatigability could be detected in senescent female rats, in contrast to male rats of the same age.

TL;DR: The present findings are discussed in relation to age-related changes in granulopoiesis and the increase of myelotoxic effects during cancer chemotherapy in aging individuals.

TL;DR: Recommendations for implementing a program of research include particularization of the aging phenotype, further development of nonmammalian models amenable to genetic analysis, systematic search for relevant spontaneous mutations in Mus musculus and investigations of genetic concomitants of speciation.

TL;DR: The results of the present study do not indicate that the amount of M1 muscarinic receptors proposed to be located postsynaptically decreases during aging, however, the proportions of salt- soluble and detergent-soluble AChE may differ from those in young rats.

TL;DR: The likely existence of more than one underlying cause of senescence strengthens the case for the development of a number of reliable markers of aging and the concept of a single biological or functional age for an organism should be used with great caution, if at all.

TL;DR: The age changes of parotid and submandibular glands from male Swiss-Webster white mice appear comparable to those of rat and human salivary glands, yet this is an inexpensive animal model that achieves old age in less time than other animal models.

TL;DR: Three potential predictors of longevity in mammals are proposed: age of pubertal onset, concentrations of gonadal steroids and timing of age-related infertility, and concentrations of and androgens and estrogens, proposed to be inversely and positively correlated with life span.