Showing papers in "Global Journal of Research In Engineering in 2011"

Determination of Exponential Smoothing Constant to Minimize Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Deviation

Abstract: Exponential smoothing technique is one of the most important quantitative techniques in forecasting. The accuracy of forecasting of this technique depends on exponential smoothing constant. Choosing an appropriate value of exponential smoothing constant is very crucial to minimize the error in forecasting. This paper addresses the selection of optimal value of exponential smoothing constant to minimize the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Trial and error method is used to determine the optimal value of exponential smoothing constant. An example is presented to discuss the method.

Sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines

Abstract: Sediment erosion not only reduces efficiency and life of hydropower turbines but also causes problems in operation and maintenance. Several factors are responsible for this erosion in hydro turbine ...

Potentiality of Carbon Sequestration in six year ages young plant from University campus of Aurangabad

Abstract: Carbon sequestration in urban sectors and forest areas is of great attention due to its concerns about global climate change. In the present investigation aboveground carbon sequestration potential of six year young age Emblica officinalis, Mangifera indica, Tamarindus indica, Achras sapota, Annona retiaculata and Annona squamosa species from the university campus of Aurangabad is measured. The aboveground biomass rate of carbon sequestered was estimated using ash method. The percentage of carbon content in the aboveground and below ground biomass i.e. leaves, stem, branches, bark and root of Emblica officinalis were 43.67%, 52.89%, 53.91%, 53.59% and 55.68% respectively, in Mangifera indica were 49.28%, 50.65%, 50.43%, 52.11 and 53.88% carbon respectively, in Tamarindus indica were 53.47%, 57.53%, 56.84%, 55.85% and 54.63% carbon respectively, in Achras sapota were 53.63%, 52.4%, 53.72%, 48.42% and 49.52% carbon respectively, Annona retiaculata were 53.67, 57.24%, 55.24 53.08% and 51.62% respectively, Annona squamosa there were 52.08%, 55.09%, 55.33%, 56.01% and 52.04 respectively. The total above ground biomass carbon stalk per hectare as estimated for Emblica officinalis was 33.07 Kg C ha-1, in Mangifera indica it was 30.6 Kg C ha-1 and in Tamarindus indica it was 36.96 Kg C ha-1 and in Achras sapota were 12.86 Kg C ha-1 in Annona retiaculata was 83.1 Kg Cha-1 and for Annona squamosa it was 73.5 Kg C ha-1 in University campus.

Investigation into the Floor Diaphragms Flexibility in Reinforced Concrete Structures and Code Provision

Abstract: All the seismic codes generally accept that in most cases the floor diaphragms may be modeled as fully rigid without in-plane deformability. Even though a rigid floor diaphragm is a good assumption for seismic analysis of the most buildings, several building configurations may exhibit significant flexibility in floor diaphragms. In these configurations, some codes like (EC8, NZS4203, GSC-2000) set certain qualitative criteria related to the shape of the diaphragm, while some others (2800, UBC-97, SEAOC-90, FEMA-273) set quantitative criteria relating the in-plane deformation of the diaphragm with the average drift of the associated storey. In this paper a review of the provisions of some modern seismic codes for the analytical modeling of the floor diaphragm action is made and a methodology using finite elements models, taking into consideration the in-plane flexibility, for monolithic floor is suggested. Using this method with comparative response-spectrum dynamic analyses, some reinforced concrete structures with different plan shapes like T-shape, L-shape, U-shape and rectangular according to 2800 (Iranian seismic code) are analyzed. Then, the efficiency of codes provisions is investigated.

Computer Simulation of a Gas Turbine Performance

Abstract: The current research is aimed at carrying out an exergy analysis of a 33-MW gas turbine power plant that operates on the Brayton cycle. Quantitative exergy analysis for each component and for the whole system was done. Based on the exergy balance models developed, a computer program is written which is used to investigate the performance of the power plant under varying ambient and turbine inlet temperature conditions. The result obtained shows that the largest amount of exergy destruction occurs in the combustion chamber and the least in the gas turbine. The simulation reveals remarkable dependency of the exergy flow rate of the power output, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction, heat-to-power ratio and the specific fuel consumption on the change in the ambient temperature and turbine inlet temperature of the plant.

Design and Analysis of Circular Ring Microstrip Antenna

Abstract: Like many forms of microstrip patches, the annular ring has received considerable attention. When operated in its fundamental (TM11) mode, this printed antenna is smaller than its rectangular or circular counterparts. The annular ring may also be somewhat broadband in nature when operated near the TM12 resonance [5]. It has been shown that the structure is a good resonator (with very little radiation) for TM1m modes (m odd), and a good radiator for TM1m modes (m even) [8]. A circular ring microstrip antenna is designed for TM11 mode at the resonance frequency of 2 GHz, and analyzed for different parameters such as return loss, VSWR,input impedance and bandwidth. Analysis shows that the size of designed antenna is small at the cost of low bandwidth.

Fuzzy Goal Programming Method for Solving Multi-Objective Transportation Problems

Abstract: The multi-objective transportation problem refers to a special class of vector minimum linear programming problem, in which constraints are of inequality type and all the objectives are non-commensurable and conflict with each other. A common problem encountered in solving such multi-objective problems is that to identify a compromise solution among a large number of non-dominated solutions, the decision maker has to develop a utility function for meeting the desired goal. In this paper, fuzzy membership functions are considered and deviation goals also taken for each objective function. Fuzzy max-min operator is implemented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. LINGO software package is used to solve constrained optimization problem. To illustrate the proposed method, two numerical examples are solved and the results have been compared with interactive, fuzzy and deviation criterion approaches.

Energy Forecasting of Bangladesh in Gas Sector Using LEAP Software

Abstract: This paper represents the first application of Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software in energy forecasting of gas sector in Bangladesh. LEAP is used to take government decisions in many developed countries. In this work, at first the data on amount of gas consumption in different sectors of Bangladesh have been collected from year 1993 up-to year 2007. Then using ‘Linear’ and ‘Exponential’ time series wizard, gas consumption of these sectors has been forecasted up-to year 2020. Comparison between the results of forecasted data using aforementioned two time-series wizards have been discussed. The most acceptable forecasting model and why it wasn’t used in this work have also been discussed thoroughly.

The Solar Energy Potential of Gaza Strip

Abstract: The solar energy potential of Gaza Strip southern Palestine is investigated based on measurements of a complete year's data at a coastal location. High resolution, real time solar radiation data were collected and processed. Hourly, daily and monthly statistics of solar radiation were made from the 1 min averaged recorded values. Clearness index is discussed on the basis of hourly, daily and monthly averages. This paper summarizes the many years of data (1989-2002) that have been processed from the Solar Radiation Survey. Typical Meteorological Year files (TMY) based on the direct beam component, and the archived hourly data upon which they are based. The average annual direct beam total for all the stations is 2196 kWh m 2 year -1 . For example, during the 11 years of data that are discussed in the present paper, It is concluded that: (1) sufficient data probably now exist in order to enable one to identify the best places for locating solar power stations; (2) several more years of data will be necessary before a sufficiently reliable data base will exist for the purpose of simulating solar- concentrator power plant performance and determining their economic benefit. The average annual global horizontal radiation for all stations is 2017 kWh m -2 year -1 .

Highly secure and reliable user identification based on finger vein patterns

Abstract: With the evolution of consumer electronics technologies, personal information in consumer devices is becoming increasingly valuable. To protect private information from misuses due to the loss or theft, secure user identification mechanisms should be equipped into the consumer devices. Biometrics based personal identification is regarded as an effective method for automatically recognizing, with a high confidence, a person's identity. A new biometric approach to the personal identification using finger- vein technology. The aim of this paper presents a user identification system framework using finger-vein technology for consumer electronics devices. The finger-vein identification is one of the biometrics sensor technologies, which provides high security and reliability than other identification technology. This paper proposes the Radon transform and Principal component analysis algorithms for the feature extraction and normalized distance measure for classification. The results show that the proposed system achieves good performance in terms of the false rejection rate and the false acceptance rate.

VHDL Design of FPGA Arithmetic Processor

Abstract: This paper involves the design and development of a single chip VHDL FPGA processor which performs all arithmetic and logical functions and the output is displayed by means of LCD interface. This processor can perform 2n number of operations, where n is the number of control bits. In this design, a 5 bit control input is used so that the processor is capable of performing up to 32 operations. The chip is designed to execute 21 operations for different specified functions and 11 more operations can be worked on for improvements and future works. Two data with a size of 8 to 16 bits can be applied as input and the results are obtained on 4 to 8 hexadecimal digits carrying 32 bits in all. A status flag is also designed with the features such as indication of overflow, carry, borrow and zero value. To implement the above design, Very High Speed Description Language simulation is required which can be performed using Altera or Xilinx softwares. Once the program has been developed, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design by incorporating it into a FPGA chip and the required hardware can be brought into effect. The state of each output bit is shown by using Light Emitting Diodes. Based on users needs, more features can be added to the designed hardware without hindering the implemented one.

Energy Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network Using Sleep Mode Transceiver

Abstract: Energy efficiency is a central challenge in sensor networks, and the radio is a major contributor to overall energy node consumption. These Wireless Sensor Networks have severe resource constrains and energy conservation is very essential. The aim of this project is to reduce the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes adaptive radio low-power sleep modes based on current traffic conditions in the network. It provides an analytical model to conduct a comparative study of different MAC protocols (BMAC, TMAC, SMAC, DMAC) suitable for reduction of energy consumption in wireless environment. This technique exposes the energy trade-offs of different MAC protocols. It first introduces a comprehensive node energy model, which includes energy components for radio switching, transmission, reception, listening, and sleeping for determining the optimal sleep mode and MAC protocol to use for given traffic scenarios. The model is then used for evaluating the energy-related performance of our recently proposed RFID Impulse protocol enhanced with adaptive low-power modes, and comparing it against BMAC under varying data rates. The comparative analysis confirms that RFID Impulse with adaptive low power modes provides lower energy consumption than the BMAC and DMAC in low traffic scenario. The evaluation also yields the optimal settings of low-power modes on the basis of data rates for node platform, and provides guidelines and a simple algorithm for the selection of appropriate MAC protocol, low-power mode, traffic requirements of a sensor network application. Index Terms: RFID, wake-up radio, sleep mode, adaptive, energy efficiency, MAC protocols, routing protocols, energy model, sensor networks.

Exploratory survey of geochemical aspects of underground water in ehime mbano area se nigeria

Abstract: The exploratory survey of geochemical aspects of underground water resource in Ehime Mbano area of Imo State South-eastern Nigeria has been carried out. Since the creation of Ehime Mbano Local government area in 2001, there is the need for sub surface water quality assessment since the surface water has been polluted due to population explosion. The study was carried out by acquiring geologic and topographic maps of the area for easy identification of sample population areas, and to identify geological boundaries. Spring outcrops, landuse elements, especially waste dump sites and agricultural projects were visited and examined. A total of 6 water samples, 2 from springs and 4 from boreholes were collected randomly and analyzed. Analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy for major cations. Heavy metal analysis was undertaken using spectrophotometer, potassium was determined using flame photometer method, concentration of total iron (Fe 2+ ) was determined calorimetrically using spekker absorption meter, while total dissolved solids (TDS) was determined using glass fiber filter. Turbimetric method was used to assess turbidity. Physical parameters like ph and dissolved oxygen were measured insitu in the field with appropriate standard meters. The result of geochemical survey shows that the water has high turbidity, high iron, slightly acidic, soft , portable and suitable for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. Above all the water has no bacteria presence, no heavy metals also no laxative effect. The average pollution index of 2.50 indicates a slight pollution though Ezeoke Nsu area (NE) is highly polluted. Remediation to the problems of slight water pollution is proposed. (Onunkwo A, A 1 And Uzoije A.P. Exploratory Survey Of Geochemical Aspects Of Underground Water In Ehime Mbano Area Se Nigeria. World Rural Observations 2011;3(2):29-37); ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.

Designing and Testing of Rectangular Micro strip antenna operating at 2.0 GHz using IE3D

Abstract: This paper describes the design and fabrication techniques of rectangular microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.0 GHz. Considerable emphases are placed on the designing of rectangular microstrip antenna and antenna results through IE3D software. The design considerations are given for probe feed rectangular microstrip antenna operating at a frequency of 2.0 GHz. In this paper particular attention is paid to the measurement of Return losses and Band Width of the RMSA with the help of VSWR of the designed antenna.

A Study on Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water from some Communities in Nandyal Rural areas of Kurnool District ,Andhra Pradesh. INDIA

Abstract: This study consisted of the determination of the trace metal ions and some physiochemical properties in drinking water samples from the neighboring villages of Nandyal region, Kurnool district, where drinking water samples are not treated before it is consumed. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of water from these sources. Samples were taken from ten sampling points and analyzed for the following parameters Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, pH,EC,NO3-, SO4 , and F- using the procedure outline in the plain test photometer method. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in samples as follows: pH 5.47-7.39, conductivity (EC) 49-1168 µs /cm, turbidity 4.68-73.34JTU, F - 0.54 to 1.29mg/L.NO3-11.19 to 39.76 mg/L , SO 42- 41.2 to 73.0 mg/L Cu 1.25 to 2.96 mg/L. Fe 0.08-0.94mg/L, Zn 5-19 mg/L,Mn 0.004-0.016 mg/L and Al 0.07-0.18 mg/L , The concentrations of most of the investigated parameters in the drinking water samples from Nandyal region were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization drinking water quality guidelines.

Steady State Stability Analysis of Power System under Various Fault Conditions

Abstract: u Abstract - Stability is an important constraint in power system operation and control. Power system stability is understood as the ability to regain an equilibrium state after being subjected to a physical disturbance. This paper presents steady state stability analysis of power system and its behavior in accordance with the locations of fault. Principal among these are the determination of system stability on the consideration of Eigen values in steady state condition. This provides appropriate strategy to have a quick decision on the system's steady state behavior. The simulation results show the severity

On the investigation of a sierpinski's carpet microstrip fractal antenna

Abstract: In modern wireless communication systems and increasing other wireless applications, wider bandwidth, multiband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both commercial and military applications. This has initiated antenna research in various directions; one of them is using fractal shaped antenna elements. Traditionally, each antenna operates at a single or dual frequency bands, where different antenna is needed for different applications. This paper presents the Sierpinski’s carpet antenna where this famous shape, the antenna behaviors are investigated. In addition to the theoretical design procedure, numerical simulation was performed using Methods of Moments and IE3D software is used to design and simulate presented antenna.

Adaptive Control for Structural Damage Mitigation

Abstract: Substantial progress has been made in analyzing the integrity of composite structures when macro or nano sensors and actuators are embedded into it. The resulting structure in a dynamic environment is said to be “intelligent” if it performs a certain functional requirements related to vibrations, health, shape, etc. In health, after the damage has been detected, the subject of damage mitigation becomes important, so that in prognosis context (Farrar and Lieven, 2007), the remaining life of the structure is extended. The damage is said to be mitigated if the sensor data of the damaged structure matches with the sensor data of the healthy structure. This is done by applying an actuator loading. In this paper, Model Reference Adaptive Control (Slotine and Li, 1991) is applied for structural damage mitigation. A known finite element model resulting from the structural health monitoring and assessment techniques is adopted to determine the control parameters that mitigate the damage. An example is illustrated using a spring-mass-damper model that depicts a structural model with modal coordinates.

Evaluation of a Locally Fabricated Oil Screw Expelling Machine

Abstract: An oil screw expelling machine previously developed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo was evaluated. The economic analysis and effect of machine speed on the performance parameters namely: machine feed rate, output capacity, mass of cake produced, efficiency and oil yield were investigated. The test results revealed that increase in machine speed resulted in increase in the feed rate, output capacity and the mass of cake produced. At machine speed of 800rpm, the feed rate was 88kg/h, the output capacity was N72kg/h and the mass of cake produced was 2.5kg. At machine speed of 650rpm, the machine efficiency was 68% and mass of oil yield was 1.9kg. Further increase in the machine speed resulted in the decline of the machine parameters. The economic analysis of the machine suggested that the startup capital is minimal and return over investment very high.

Characterization of Gasoline Engine Exhaust Fumes Using Electronic Nose Based Condition Monitoring

Abstract: - An electronic nose-based condition monitoring of three automobile engines was conducted to obtain smell prints that correspond to normal operating conditions and various induced abnormal operating conditions. Fuzzy C- means clustering was used to ascertain the extent to which the smell prints can characterize faulty engine conditions. Silhouette diagrams and silhouette width figures were used to validate the clusters. Results obtained indicate that the smell prints do in general characterize the faults as most clusters have silhouette width greater than 0.5. In particular the results showed that the following automobile engine faults; plug-notfiring faults and loss of compression faults are diagnosable from the automobile exhaust fumes.

Global social and economic impact on the use of Biofuels and recomendations for sustainability

Abstract: Biofuels currently represent a potential source of renewable energy. As well as that could lead to major new markets for farmers. However, only some of the current biofuel programs are feasible, and most involve high social costs and environmental ironically. The economic, environmental and social impacts of biofuels are widely debated and needs to be carefully assessed before extending public support to programs of biofuels on a large scale.The country strategy on biofuels should be based on a thorough assessment of these opportunities and costs in the medium and long term. One factor to consider is that oil reserves will run out, experts say, in fifty years. This article presents the social and economic impact of biofuel production in industrialized countries and developing countries that are or could become, efficient producers in export markets and profitable new.

Experimental investigation of microbial contamination of nano cutting fluids with CNT inclusion

Abstract: The use of cutting fluids in machining is indispensible. However, the microbial contamination of the fluids limits their usage. In the present work nano cutting fluids with carbon nano tube (CNT) inclusion are prepared for use in Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Microbial contaminations of these samples are analyzed along with the fluids under stored condition over a span of one month, and the bacteria present in the fluid is isolated and identified to help provide the appropriate remedial actions.

Analysis of Technological advancements in Pakistani Automobile Car Industry.

Abstract: The auto market is one of the largest segments in world trade. The annual size of automotive export trade in the world has grown to a massive level of over US$ 600 billion, which accounts for about 10 percent of the world export. Changing models, improving fuel efficiency, cutting costs and enhancing user comfort without compromising quality are the most important challenges of the auto industry in a fastly globalizing world. Hence there is a need for exploring the industrial collaborations in this sector globally for better quality, favorable costs, fuel efficiency and attractive designs. Therefore, the requirement of information exchange is much more pronounced now then ever before for keeping the auto industry afloat and competitive.In third world countries, due to non availability of indigenous development, lack of necessary skill level and industrial infrastructure, no institutionalized set up appears to be available to back up the acquired technology and facilitate its absorption. The Pakistani Automobile Industry is amongst the fastest growing sector in national economy. Heavy investments have been made in establishing Automobiles assembling plants by various global automobile manufacturers during past few years. Under ‘The Auto Industry Development Programs’, through incentives offered by ‘The Government of Pakistan, deletion of automobiles spare parts up to a certain level is being carried out by automobile manufacturers depending upon the potential capabilities and infrastructure availability with the local vendors. The objective of this research is to understand the advantages attained by Pakistani automobile car assemblers and vendors, during last thirty years through mutual collaboration and technology acquisition from global automobile manufacturers.This paper also focuses on the deletion of spare parts of various locally assembled automobile cars by analyzing those vendors who are generating maximum revenues through production of these spare par

Environmental Control System for Military and Civil Aircraft

Abstract: With a view to provide cooling, heating, ventilation, humidity/contaminant control and pressurization within aircraft occupied compartments, cargo compartments and electronic equipment bays Environmental Control system is a part of all Military and civil aircrafts . It also caters to other pneumatic demands like windshield demisting, aerofoil anti-icing, door-sealing, fuel-tank pressurization and engine bay ventilation. The technology used for air conditioning of all types of Military/Civil aircrafts is predominantly Air Cycle air Conditioning. Based upon Joule or Reversed Brayton Cycle, the system utilizes the high temperature, high pressure bleed air extracted from compressor of main engine/APU. It not only enjoys the advantage of simplicity and inherent compactness of pneumatic equipment but also meets the integrated cooling and pressurization requirements of an aircraft. Both air-cycle based refrigeration system which lowers the enthalpy level of air by transforming heat energy into work and conventional vapor compression cooling system that extracts heat by evaporating a suitable liquid refrigerant have their own limitations.

Spreadsheet Modeling of Thermal Insulation in Deep Water Flow Lines

Abstract: A model has been proposed to calculate the optimal thermal insulation layer thickness of flow lines in deep water. The developed model is used in excel spreadsheet to simplify the procedures necessary for the calculations. The hydrate and wax formation temperatures is first known and critical radius of insulation is calculated to obtained the required thickness of insulation in order to mitigate cool down of the fluid. The study presents three analytical heat transfer solutions of deepwater flow lines for the determination of an appropriate insulation layer thickness. The model has been used to determine the optimal insulation thickness for a deep water flow line using three different insulation materials; Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polyurethane.

Low Power High Performance SRAM Design Using VHDL

Abstract: Data retention and leakage current are among the major area of concern in today's CMOS technology. In this paper 6T SRAM cell has been analyzed on the basis of read noise margin (RNM), write noise margin (WNM), read delay, write delay, and data retention voltage (DRV). Implementation and simulation is carried out using VHDL. The word "static" indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power remains applied. SRAM indicates that locations in the memory can be accessed, i.e. written or since it is volatile memory and preserves data only while power is continuously applied. Each bit in SRAM is stored in four transistors that form two cross-coupled inverters. This storage cell has two stable states which are used to denote '0' and '1'. Two additional access transistors serve to control the access to a storage cell during read and write operations. It thus typically takes six MOSFETs to store one memory bit. The data retention voltage for 6T SRAM cell comes to be 252.3mV. The higher read delay is attributed to the fact that dual threshold voltage technology has been in it in the order to reduce the leakage current. Write delay has found to be 8.57 ps. Keywords- 6T SRAM cell; VHDL; Data retention voltage; Read noise margin; Write noise margin; Intrinsic parameter fluctuation.

Controlling Voltage and Frequency of a Power Network with Microgrid Using Droop Method

Abstract: Microgrids (MG) are new concept of electric power networks consisting of distributed generation (DG), renewable energy resources and sensitive loads. The goal of microgrid operation is to provide reliable and high-quality electric power regardless of faults or abnormal operating conditions. Many control methods have been employed to regulate the output power of DGs used in MGs. This paper presents a control scheme for DGs of a power system, especially with voltage source inverter (VSI) interface, for both grid connected and islanded modes. A comprehensive study has been performed through PSCAD simulations of the inverter-fed MG behavior under both islanding and connected operation for different load conditions. The simulation results prove the droop method efficiency in controlling the voltage and frequency of the inverter output which is connected to the loads.

Economic analysis of the wind energy generated in Cuba, considering the turbines tested in the country.

Abstract: In this study, the results of the analysis carried out about wind energy potentials in the western provinces of Cuba are shown. Wind characteristics were analyzed using the wind speed data collected from four meteorological stations, selecting for this study, the station with the maximum annual mean wind speed. A technical assessment has been made of electricity generation from three wind turbines having a capacity of (275 kW, 750 kW, and 850 kW), respectively. The yearly energy output for three different turbines was calculated, with the wind data of the meteorological station selected. The production cost of the kWh of wind energy generated with the different machines and the economical variables, such as the payback (PBA) and the net present value (NPV), have been determined for each one, taking for this economic analysis two different costs for kW of wind energy installed: national and international average. The conclusions show that, the production costs of the kWh of wind energy generated in this country is expensive, due to its high generation price, since they are conditioned by high installation costs and the use of turbines with low power of generation.

Online tool wear prediction models in minimum quantity lubrication

Abstract: With the problems in usage of cutting fluids, the use of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has gained prominence. Though several mathematical models have been postulated in literature on dry cutting, models that deal with cutting fluids are very rare and the models on MQL are seldom found. The present work tries to discuss regression and artificial neural network models postulated on influence of MQL on tool wear, while machining AISI 1040 steel using HSS tool. The proposed models were validated with the experimental results.

Determination of busy hour in mobile communication in nigeria

Abstract: This paper is focused on determination of busy hour in Mobile Communication in Nigeria, using Lagos as a case study. Busy hour, it is a given period within a day that have the highest traffic intensity. The traffic intensity values obtained within the busy hour are used to calculate the traffic load, capacity of the mobile communication network equipment and to determine traffic performance indicators. Data was obtained from OMC for a period of a year. The OMC is in-built within the mobile communication network, that help to monitor and measure all the entire event in the mobile communication system. The obtained data was analyzed using excel package to determine the busy hour which was observed to be 19:00 (7.00pm) shown in figure 2.1 to figure2.6 the call intensity for various days of the week is as followed, Monday with the highest call intensity, 26,492, followed by Friday with 23,138, Tuesday with 19,080, Wednesday with 17,892, Thursday with 16,467, Saturday with 15,491 and Sunday with 12,119.