Showing papers in "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents in 2009"

TL;DR: The ability of CuO nanoparticles to reduce bacterial populations to zero was enhanced in the presence of sub-MBC concentrations of silver nanoparticles, suggesting release of ions may be required for optimum killing.

TL;DR: This work suggests that the characteristics of released silver ions depend on the nature of the silver antimicrobial used and the polymer matrix, and this review focuses on the mechanisms of various silver forms as antimicrobial agents against different microorganisms and biofilms.

TL;DR: This review summarises the putative antimicrobial mechanisms, clinical applications and heterologous expression models for LF.

TL;DR: In 2008, 25 years after the human immunodeficiency virus was discovered as the then tentative aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), exactly 25 anti-HIV compounds have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS.

TL;DR: Despite wide intercountry variability in bacterial susceptibility rates to the other antimicrobials tested, fosfomycin and mecillinam have preserved their in vitro activity in all countries investigated against the most common uropathogens.

TL;DR: Investigation of the activity of a commercial extract derived from the leaves of Olea europaea (olive) against a wide range of microorganisms found it to be most active against Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.78% (v/v).

TL;DR: The characteristics of the epidemic NAP1, PCR ribotype 027 C. difficile strain, associated with the changing epidemiology and severity of disease, are reviewed to explain its hypervirulence and epidemic spread.

TL;DR: Although PVC-associated catheter-related bloodstream infections (PVC-BSI) are far more serious than thrombophlebitis, few studies address this issue, and a large multicentre trial is lacking.

TL;DR: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common and range in severity from minor, self-limiting, superficial infections to life-threatening diseases requiring all the resources of modern medicine.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to consider the current status as regards novel treatment approaches for control of dental plaque-related diseases, including replacement therapy by which a resident pathogen is replaced with a non-pathogenic bacteriocin-producing variant.

TL;DR: Tigecycline, the first in a new class of intravenous antibiotics, is important in this context, giving us a further monotherapy option for severe infections, and the various aspects of this strategy are briefly reviewed.

TL;DR: It is believed that recent advances in the understanding of the effect of various dosage schedules of aminoglycosides on toxicity combined with the retained activity against the majority of Gram-negative bacterial isolates make this class of antibiotics still valuable in today's clinical practice.

TL;DR: Better antibiotic stewardship and infection control are needed to prevent further spread of resistance in C. difficile.

TL;DR: Fosfomycin could have a role as a therapeutic option against MDR P. aeruginosa infections and further research is needed to clarify the potential utility of this agent.

TL;DR: The population structure of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Spain is investigated and possible associations between specific multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types and ESBL types are determined.

TL;DR: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fosfomycin do not preclude its use for various types of systemic infections and suggest further research on relevant clinical applications of this agent.

TL;DR: When tested in combination with oxacillin, 8-iodo-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin had a similar activity to vancomycin, which is the current drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA infections.

TL;DR: Data show that TTO efficiently kills S. aureus in the stationary growth phase and within biofilms and is therefore a promising tool for S.aureus eradication.

TL;DR: In vitro studies reveal that tigecycline and colistin are the only antibacterial agents with consistent activity against MBL-producing strains, and MBL inhibitors are urgently needed, however, none is in late pre-clinical development.

TL;DR: Although all antibiotics were effective against planktonic staphylococcal populations, vancomycin and daptomycin possessed superior activity against biofilm-associated cells.

TL;DR: Berberine is bacteriostatic for S. epidermidis and that sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of berberine blocked the formation of S.epiderMidis biofilm, indicating a potential application for berberines as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the prevention of biofilm-related infections.

TL;DR: Among the various immunotherapeutic products, studies were published only for one product (OM-89) that was shown to be effective under conditions of daily practice and the second product (vaginal vaccine) also appears to beeffective but adequate phase III studies are necessary.

TL;DR: Administration of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) by continuous infusion may be considered more effective than intermittent infusion for the treatment of VAP caused by Gram-negative bacteria when the MIC of the microorganism responsible for VAP is 8-16 microg/mL in patients without renal failure.

TL;DR: A relationship between antimicrobial activity and antioxidant capacity was found only for H. pylori strain G21 CagA(-) strain, and all the isolated polyphenols as well as the leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against both of the H. Pylori strains.

TL;DR: Data from animal experiments and case reports displayed consistent beneficial activity of tigecycline in combination with other antibacterials against multiresistant organisms, including vancomycin against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in experimental meningitis, gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in experimental pneumonia, daptomycin against Enterococcus faecium endocarditis, and colistin against K. pneumoniaE.

TL;DR: The results reveal a possible association between adeABC/adeIJK and int1 in multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii and differential distribution of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) genes can likely be used as indicators for differentiating Acinetobacter species.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the clinical evidence regarding probiotic use for the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and concluded that probiotics may have a beneficial effect on the severity and duration of symptoms of RTIs but do not appear to reduce the incidence of RTI.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the relationship between voriconazole trough concentrations and liver function abnormalities was investigated in 29 Japanese patients with fungal infections.

TL;DR: In the late 1990s, the first US reports of so-called community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections appeared as discussed by the authors, which were defined as MRSA infections occurring in patients who had no identifiable predisposing risk factors, such as healthy children and young adults.

TL;DR: It is suggested that antibiotic resistance observed in remote communities with minimal antibiotic exposure is a general phenomenon contributed by complex mechanisms and new insights are provided into the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.