Showing papers in "International Journal of Biometeorology in 1984"
TL;DR: At low temperature, the total activity related heat production was increased, especially during day time, and extra thermal heat production below thermoneutrality was affected by time of day and activity.
Abstract: The effect of ambient temperature on diurnal rhythm of metabolic rate and activity was studied in group housed pigs in two trials. Two climate controlled respiration chambers were used, one for each trial. Each chamber contained two groups of 8 pigs. During the experiment of 31 days the mean live weight of the animals increased from 28 to 40 kg. Feeding level was kept constant at 93 kg−0.75. d−1. Feed contained 12 kJ of metabolizable energy per g. Temperature treatment started with 20‡C for two days. After that it was lowered in stepwise fashion by 4K to 16, 12 and 8‡C. Each temperature treatment lasted two days. After that temperature it was increased in steps to 20‡C in 8 days. The whole procedure was repeated once. Metabolic rate and activity were measured continuously during the 24 hrs of every second day of the temperature treatment. Metabolic rate increased at temperatures below 16‡C. Activity was associated with ambient temperature. At low temperature, the total activity related heat production was increased, especially during day time. Variation in metabolic rate within a day was not reduced by low ambient temperature. Thermal requirement, calculated as lower critical temperature, was about 14‡C as averaged over the day, (16.1‡C during day time and 13.6‡C during night time). Extra thermal heat production below thermoneutrality was affected by time of day and activity.
42 citations
TL;DR: Although linkages between “classical” meteorological parameters and the onset of seizures are very weak, links with more generalised indexes are more promising and call for urgent study.
Abstract: The possibility of connections between weather and the onset of epileptic seizures has long been suggested (see, for example, the Hammurabi Codex 1600 BC). Work in the 20th Century points to a probability that the onset of both local and generalised epilepsy is significantly influenced by an interaction between genetic and extrinsic factors. In an attempt to clarify the situation a detailed study of the history of 315 attacks from 1 Jan. to 31 July 1981 suffered by a small number of patients in Munich has been undertaken. Although linkages between “classical” meteorological parameters and the onset of seizures are very weak, links with more generalised indexes (e.g. passage of fronts and disturbances) are more promising. However, the correlation between onsets and “atmospherics” of 28 KHz (positive) and 10 KHz (negative) impulses, are significant and call for urgent study.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a crop yield model (YIELD) that uses climatic and environmental data to calculate yield and water consumption for a variety of major crops was applied specifically to maize (grain corn) in the region of China and Korea, by examining the parameters of potential and actual yield.
Abstract: A crop yield model (YIELD), that uses climatic and environmental data to calculate yield and water consumption for a variety of major crops was applied specifically to maize (grain corn) in the region of China and Korea, by examining the parameters of potential and actual yield. A network of 241 stations provided the seasonal climatic input, which consisted of data averaged over approximately a 20 year period. Among the simulated results, highest yields under full irrigation (first growing season) occurred in the Yangtze River area, northward to Korea, Kweichou and Szechwan Provinces, and northcentral China, whereas least yield was found for the western interior. High yields exceeded 12,000 kg/ha per harvest. Under rainfed conditions, only the Yangtze River region retained its predominance. In order to achieve optimum crop yields, about 800 mm of irrigation water was needed in northcentral China, contrasted with none required in the south and east of China. Making certain dietary assumptions, the calculated grain corn production could potentially support between 700 and 400 million people, depending on the irrigation strategies adopted. If corn were used as feed stock for beef, only between 100 and 60 million persons could be supported. A sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the degree of error introduced by faulty, uncertain, or missing environmental input data for the stations utilized in this study.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the response of the model YIELD to changes in a variety of basic environmental and decision-making inputs was continued for paddy rice, winter wheat, and early potato.
Abstract: This paper is a continuation of our prior examination of yield responses of maize (Terjung et al, 1984b) The analysis of the response of the model YIELD to changes in a variety of basic environmental and decision-making inputs was continued for paddy rice, winter wheat, and early potato As before, temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity regimes were analyzed during a growing season along with different water application strategies, irrigation frequencies, soil types, and wind regimes Among the results, yield decreased on the average by 49% (rice) and 60% (wheat) per 1‡ (C) increase in air temperature A 1% change in solar radiation resulted in an average of 1% (wheat) and 04% (rice) change in yield Analogous changes in relative humidity caused yield changes of about 08% and nothing for wheat and rice, respectively For all crops, the relationship between irrigation frequency and yield increase was near-linear for large irrigation intervals This linearity vanished under high frequency waterings With respect to irrigation amounts, 1 mm/ha of applied water was related, on the average, to 75 (potato), 19 (grain corn), 8 (rice), and 6 kg/ha (wheat) of harvestable yield
20 citations
TL;DR: A five year study of migration of aphids across the southern part of the Baltic Sea is reported and aphids were caught in a suction trap placed on a lighthouse 50 m from the shoreline.
Abstract: A five year study of migration of aphids across the southern part of the Baltic Sea is reported. The aphids were caught in a suction trap placed on a lighthouse 50 m from the shoreline. Large sections of the results are presented as case studies i.e. catches of aphids from periods containing at least three consecutive days with a southerly gradient wind. Some periods contained large and diverse catches and it is assumed that aphids regularly cross the Baltic Sea. The catches was largest on days when a cold front passed the trapping site within a period. MoreMyzus persicae were caught on days when the wind was southerly than on days with a northerly wind direction.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a parametric crop production model, employing climatic data to calculate actual and potential yield for various crops and includes formulations for specific crop and growth stage effects, is presented.
Abstract: YIELD, a parametric crop production model, employs climatic data to calculate actual and potential yield for various crops and includes formulations for specific crop and growth stage effects. The objective was to demonstrate the sensitivity of YIELD for grain corn (maize) to changes in various environmental and decision-making inputs. Five temperature, five solar radiation, six relative humidity regimes, five water application schemes, and four irrigation frequencies were included in this study. The effects of different soil types and wind regimes on crop water requirements were investigated. The model output includes crop yield, water use efficiency, and management efficiency. Among the results, yield decreased on the average by 3.9% per one degree (C) increase in air temperature. A 1% change in solar radiation resulted in an average of 1% change in yield. Similar changes in relative humidity caused a yield change of about 0.8%.
20 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: Seasonal fluctuations of soil and litter microarthropod populations in a pine,Pinus kesiya Royle plantation of North Eastern India were investigated and Collembola was the most abundant group and was dominated byIsotoma trispinata (MacGillivray).
Abstract: Seasonal fluctuations of soil and litter microarthropod populations in a pine,Pinus kesiya Royle plantation of North Eastern India were investigated between November 1976 and November 1977. Three major groups were recognized: (a) Collembola, (b) Acarina and (c) miscellaneous. Collembola was the most abundant group and was dominated byIsotoma trispinata (MacGillivray). The total microarthropod density ranged from 26,800 per m2 to 145,200 per m2. Collembola densities ranged from 10,000 to 121,200 per m2, Acarina densities ranged from 8,800 to 41,600 per m2, and the miscellaneous group ranged from 1,200 to 6,400 per m2. Soil moisture was positively correlated with total arthropod, Collembola and Acarina densities. Soil temperature was positively correlated only with Acarina. Densities of Collembola and Acarina were negatively correlated.
16 citations
TL;DR: Findings constitute a weak, but statistically significant indication that human parturition is influenced by weather, and follow-up studies are urged.
Abstract: Weather data were examined for association with hospital records indicating the time at which pregnant women at term first experienced labor contractions (onsets). There is a considerable advantage, compared with mortality and morbidity, to using this response to infer weather influences. Three tests were used. First, the time series of daily onsets was analyzed to determine if characteristics known to exist in time series of weather data — variability and persistence — were evident in daily onsets. Second, the frequency distributions of nine weather variables were stratified, mostly by terciles, and onset means calculated for each of these divisions. Response means much different from average were then used to specify the nature of weather at such times. Third, the weather data were organized as weather types — pre- and post-cold frontal and general cold frontal — and onsets at these times were compared with those at non-frontal times. The time series characteristics were not found, but the other analysis revealed subsets of days on which onsets were above average, and in some cases the results were statistically significant. One such subset consists of winter days with low pressure, temperature markedly lower than the day before, and high wind speeds. On such days onsets were 34% above average. They were also above average during the 48 hours before and after cold front passage, and especially so in the 12 hours prior to the front. These findings constitute a weak, but statistically significant indication that human parturition is influenced by weather. Follow-up studies are urged.
15 citations
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that when negative air ions are generated from corona discharge in the presence of water, significant levels of ozone are produced, and O3 could be directly responsible for many of the oxidizing effects that have been reportedly due tonegative air ions.
Abstract: Significant levels of ozone have been detected in a reaction flask that was designed for studies using negative air ions generated from corona discharge. While diluting the gas in the vessel at the rate of 1.5 liters/min., more than 1.0 ppm O3 was measured in the vessel when grounded water was present. Ozone levels were much less (15 ppb) in ambient air near the ion generator. Even in the absence of water, O3 levels were only 7 ppb in the reaction flask. Without the corona discharge apparatus, levels of ozone in the gas phase (with water present) averaged 6 ppb. These results demonstrate that when negative air ions are generated from corona discharge in the presence of water, significant levels of ozone are produced. Therefore, O3 could be directly responsible for many of the oxidizing effects that have been reportedly due to negative air ions.
12 citations
TL;DR: L. festiva is able to exist in the hot, arid, Sahel savanna regions of Africa in consequence of its nocturnal circadian rhythm of locomotory activity, and its low rate of water loss during periods of inactivity when an epiphragm has been secreted and while the snail is aestivating.
Abstract: L. festiva is able to exist in the hot, arid, Sahel savanna regions of Africa in consequence of its nocturnal circadian rhythm of locomotory activity, and its low rate of water loss during periods of inactivity when an epiphragm has been secreted and while the snail is aestivating.
TL;DR: In this article, the phenologies of autumn and spring migrations by greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica) are shown to be statistically independent.
Abstract: The phenologies of autumn and spring migrations by greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica) are shown to be statistically independent. Spring and fall migration phenologies are demonstrated to be significantly related to synoptic scale atmospheric circulation systems (extratropical storms) rather than a factor such as temperature. Interannual variation in the timing of migratory movements by snow geese reflect interannual variation in the climatology of extratropical storms. Early fall migration is significantly related to an increased frequency of cyclonic disturbances off the United States east and gulf coasts. Years in which autumn migration is delayed occur when the Atlantic coast storm track is displaced northward. Late spring migrations are related to extratropical storms being more frequent over the Great Plains, along the gulf coast, and over the northern Gulf of Mexico. Increased cyclone activity through the Ohio River valley and over the Great Lakes tends to advance the onset of spring migrations.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the major differences in body weight, thyroid hormone values and plasma cholesterol are due to some component (possibly temperature) in the natural environment.
Abstract: Adult male Syrian hamsters were subjected to 1, 3, 5, 7 or 11 weeks of either natural winter conditions or rigorously controlled laboratory conditions (LD 10∶14; 22 ± 2‡C). Although both groups of hamsters gained weight over the course of the experiment, hamsters housed indoors were significantly heavier after 5 weeks of treatment compared to their outdoors counterparts. Animals housed under natural conditions exhibited a significant decrease in circulating levels of thyroxine (T4) and a rapid rise in triiodothyronine (T3) levels; the free T4 and free T3 index (FT4I and FT3I) mirrored the changes in circulating levels of the respective hormones. Laboratory-housed animals had a slight rise in T4 and FT4I at 3 weeks followed by a slow steady decline in these values; T3 and FT3I values did not change remarkably in these animals. Plasma cholesterol declined steadily over the course of the experiment in laboratory-maintained animals but increased slightly during the first 5 weeks in animals under natural conditions. Since the photoperiodic conditions were approximately of the same duration in these 2 groups, it is concluded that the major differences in body weight, thyroid hormone values and plasma cholesterol are due to some component (possibly temperature) in the natural environment.
TL;DR: Seasonality along the years of analysis shows a different behaviour for the different zones of the country and no unique pattern is evident, but a clear relationship between the air enthalpy and seasonality of mortality is detected.
Abstract: Mortality of human populations in Chile was studied from a latitudinal and seasonal perspective, and related to climate and main diseases. Approximately 3 mill. deaths were analyzed. Seasonality considered along a latitudinal and climatic gradient is almost absent in the northern portion of the country, in the central part peaks are evident in summer, at latitudes 40°S in winter and at 45°S in winter and spring. Seasonality along the years of analysis shows a different behaviour for the different zones of the country and no unique pattern is evident. A clear relationship between the air enthalpy and seasonality of mortality is detected. Circulatory diseases appear as the most important causes of deaths, exception made of latitude 40 where respiratory diseases are the significant causes of deaths. Age groups below one and above 65 years are mostly affected.
TL;DR: It was concluded from the study that a hot humid climate imposes more constraints on the thermoregulatory system during work than in the hot dry condition because of less effective heat dissipation so resulting in reduced tolerance to work.
Abstract: Studies have been conducted on six young healthy heat acclimatised Indians to determine the physiological changes in prolonged continuous work in thermally neutral and in hot dry and hot humid environments. Physiological responses in maximal efforts i.e. Vo2 max, VE max and Cf max were noted. In addition, duration in continuous work at three sub-maximal rate of work in three simulated environments were also noted. Physiological responses like Vo2, VE and Cf were noted every 15 minutes of work. Besides these responses, rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Ts) and mean sweat rate were also recorded during continuous work. Results indicated a significant decrease in maximum oxygen uptake capacity (Vo2 max) in heat with no change in maximum exercise ventilation (VE max) and maximum cardiac frequency. However, the fall in Vo2 max was more severe in the hot humid environment than in the hot dry climate. Cardiac frequency at fixed oxygen consumption of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 l/min was distinctly higher in the hot humid environment than in the hot dry and comfortable temperature. The duration in continuous physical effort in various grades of activities decreased in hot dry environment from that in the-comfortable climate and further decreased significantly in hot humid environment. The highest rate of sweating was observed during work in humid heat. The mean skin temperature (Ts) showed a fall in all the three rates of work in comfortable and hot dry conditions whereas in hot humid environment it showed a linear rise during the progress of work. The rectal temperature on the other hand maintained a near steady state while working at 65 and 82 watts in comfortable and hot dry environments but kept on rising during work in hot humid environment. At the highest work rate of 98 watts, the rectal temperature showed a steady increase even in the hot dry condition. It was thus concluded from the study that a hot humid climate imposes more constraints on the thermoregulatory system during work than in the hot dry condition because of less effective heat dissipation so resulting in reduced tolerance to work.
TL;DR: The results indicate that at a given activity level and clothing insulation there is a higher incidence of coronorary diseases when the thermal sensation is to the cold side of the neutral comfort condition.
Abstract: This paper presents a biometeorological study of ischaemic heart diseases and a thermal load index combining meteorological factors, clothing insulation and metabolic rate. The study is based on records of weather and of hospital admissions. The data were grouped into four seasonal periods approximating the four major climate seasons experienced at Toronto, Canada. Statistical analysis of the seasonal data for five years (1976–1980) shows a good association between the deviations from group averages of the thermal load index and corresponding deviations of the number of patients admitted to hospitals at Toronto due to cardiovascular diseases if two out of nineteen data points are excluded from the analysis. In the authors' view, recognizing the nature of climate and other records, there is good reason to believe that this association is meaningful. The results indicate that at a given activity level and clothing insulation there is a higher incidence of coronorary diseases when the thermal sensation is to the cold side of the neutral comfort condition. Probable causes are advanced for the fact that 12% of the data appear anomalous.
TL;DR: In this paper, air temperatures and relative humidity were recorded at a height of about 2 m above ground, at ground level and under fallen leaves, rocks, or down holes in rainforest, montane forest, grassland and desert in Central and tropical South America, during August and September, 1983.
Abstract: Air temperatures and relative humidities were recorded at a height of about 2 m above ground, at ground level and under fallen leaves, rocks, or down holes in rainforest, montane forest, grassland and desert in Central and tropical South America, during August and September, 1983. The results are compared with similar results previously obtained in tropical Africa. Measurements were also made down the burrows of tarantulas in Panama; and the influence of radiation on the activities of leaf-cutting ants was noted.
TL;DR: Field and climatic chamber studies revealed that walking at 4.5 km/h elicited greater thermoregulatory responses in Hereford cattle than did the possession of a wooly hair coat.
Abstract: Field and climatic chamber studies revealed that walking at 4.5 km/h elicited greater thermoregulatory responses in Hereford cattle than did the possession of a wooly hair coat. Under mild field conditions, walking caused sweating rate to increase to 150–200 g/m2/h within one hour (P<0.001); no significant differences were recorded between wooly-coated and clipped cattle. Walking at 4.5 km/h on a treadmill in a climate chamber at 38°C and 34 mm Hg water vapour pressure elevated rectal (P<0.001) and skin (P<0.05) temperatures to levels considerably above those in stationary controls. There were no differential effects on sweating or respiratory rates, though the latter were generally higher in the exercising group. Differences in skin temperature, sweating and respiratory rates between coat-types and exercise groups in the climate chamber were similar, but exercise resulted in a much greater rectal temperature response. Overall, exercise represented a more potent thermoregulatory stimulus than a wooly hair coat.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the CCl 4-induced reduction in cold tolerance is secondary to hypoglycemia and not due to the direct effect of CCl4 on the thermoregulatory mechanism in the CNS.
Abstract: Male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g maintained under standard laboratory conditions and given Hindustan Lever Pellets and waterad libitum were exposed to −20°C for determination of the rate of fall of rectal temperature and survival time. The rate of fall of body temperature was significantly increased and the survival time was reduced, when animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg BW of CCl4 24 h but not 2 h earlier. Pre-treatment of the animals with 0.006 ml of garlic oil in a 2% solution of arachis oil for 3 days gave a significant protection to the animals against the CCl4-induced fall in cold tolerance. Administration of glucose orally 300 mg in 2 ml of saline eliminated the CCl4-induced fall in cold tolerance. The animals displayed a hypoglycemia 24 h, but not 2 h after injection of CCl4. CCl4-induced hypoglycemia was reduced by pre-treatment with garlic oil. The results indicate that the CCl4-induced reduction in cold tolerance is secondary to hypoglycemia and not due to the direct effect of CCl4 on the thermoregulatory mechanism in the CNS. The critical level of blood glucose below which the cold tolerance is reduced was found to be 76 mg/100 ml of blood.
TL;DR: From the analysis it seems to emerge that a hot and — at the same time — dry weather, as well as wide changes in air pressure, may favour in predisposed individuals the onset of urinary stone colics.
Abstract: The present study analyses the case histories of urinary stone colics recorded at the hospital “Val di Sieve” (Florence) during the period 1962–1971 by comparing the weather conditions of the 353 days during which the cases occurred, with the weather conditions of a sample of “normal” reference days.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and construction of a portable, battery-operated ion counter is described, which selects positive or negative small air-ions, and covers the "natural" range 100-10,000 ions/ml on an internal meter, and the research range of 10-100,000 ion/m on an external meter, or chart recorder.
Abstract: The widespread use of artificial air-ion generators in home, office and research laboratory has made the accurate measurement of ion concentration essential, but the necessary ion counters are rare, and the usual two-electrode type has serious shortcomings. The design and construction of a portable, battery-operated ion counter is described. It selects positive or negative small air-ions, and covers the “natural” range 100–10,000 ions/ml on an internal meter, and the research range of 10–100,000 ions/ml on an external meter, or chart recorder. Because of its three-electrode construction it will measure one polarity of ion in the presence of a one-thousandfold higher concentration of oppositely polarised ions. The apparatus is inexpensive, and may be readily constructed in any small workshop.
TL;DR: The need for supplemental heat in brooding chicks in a hot humid tropical area where prevalent mean environmental temperature and relative humidity are 33°C and 60%, respectively, was tested in an experiment using 320 broiler chickens.
Abstract: The need for supplemental heat in brooding chicks in a hot humid tropical area where prevalent mean environmental temperature and relative humidity are 33°C and 60%, respectively, was tested in an experiment using 320 broiler chickens.
TL;DR: The finger temperatures during the pre-immersion period affected the temperature change of the finger during the immersion period, and the rate of increase of the toe temperature and the foot temperature during post-imm immersion in the summer and the spring were greater than those in the autumn and winter.
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effect that seasonal changes have on the effect of localised cold stress on peripheral temperatures using the foot immersion method with a cold water bath. The subjects were six males and four females. The data were obtained in April, July, October and January. Skin temperature of the right index finger, the forehead, the arm, the cheek, the second toe and the instep were measured before, during and after the immersion of the feet in water at 15°C for 10 mins, as well as oxygen consumption before immersion of the feet. The average finger temperature was highest during foot immersion in the summer, next highest in the winter, then spring, and the lowest during foot immersion in the autumn. The finger temperatures during the pre-immersion period in the autumn tended to be lower than in other seasons. The finger temperatures during the pre-immersion period affected the temperature change of the finger during the immersion period. The rate of increase of the toe temperature and the foot temperature during post-immersion in the summer and the spring were greater than those in the autumn and winter. Oxygen consumption during the pre-immersion period in the autumn was significantly lower than in the other seasons (p<0.001 or 0.010). Cooling the feet caused no significant changes in the temperatures the cheek, forehead or forearm. The cheek temperature in the summer and autumn was cooler than corresponding temperatures taken in the winter and spring.
TL;DR: The biological effects of endorphins/enkephalins and of interferons closely resemble those attributed to air ions and electro-aerosols and it is, therefore, conceivable that they might be the mediators of these air ion/electro-aerOSol effects.
Abstract: The biological effects of endorphins/enkephalins and of interferons closely resemble those attributed to air ions and electro-aerosols. Air ions/electro-aerosols have been reported to affect brain functions and feelings of “well-being”; to have sedative and analgesic effects; to be therapeutically effective in certain viral (e.g., upper respiratory) infections; and to have tumor-attenuating effects. It is, therefore, conceivable that endorphins/enkephalins and interferons might be the mediators of these air ion/electro-aerosol effects. An experimental approach for testing this hypothesis is described. It calls for mice to be challenged with a suitable agent and to be exposed under appropriate conditions to a negatively charged aerosol of physiological saline 6 hours/day for up to 3 weeks; for the serial sacrifice of subgroups of these mice; for collecting blood and brains of the sacrificed animals; for the bioassay of the sera for interferon; and for radioimmunoassays of brains for endorphins/enkephalins. Special considerations, necessitated by the nature of the experiment, are discussed.
TL;DR: Negative ionization had little apparent effect on post-weaning growth throughout the four generations studied.
Abstract: Initial work indicated an inhibition of pre-weaning growth in the first generation of rats born and raised at high negative ion levels. This effect, however, was not carried through to the successive generations. Negative ionization had little apparent effect on post-weaning growth throughout the four generations studied.
TL;DR: Simple exponential decay models were used to describe the variation in irradiance profiles within a snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canopy over a 33-day period of canopy development, and an evaluation of these models is given based on this index, their predictive accuracy, and the utility for use within varying modeling frameworks.
Abstract: Simple exponential decay models were used to describe the variation in irradiance profiles within a snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canopy over a 33-day period of canopy development. The extinction coefficients of these models were varied over time as a function of changing canopy leaf area; nonlinear least-squares procedures were used to estimate parameter values. The resultant model response surfaces depict the changes in canopy irradiance that accompany canopy maturation and illustrate the dynamic nature of canopy closure. A criterion index is defined to aid in assessing the applicability of these models for use in whole-plant simulation models, and an evaluation of these models is given based on this index, their predictive accuracy, and the utility for use within varying modeling frameworks.
TL;DR: The data suggested spironolactone to be a better prophylactic agent for use on acute high altitude induction with a small rise in pO2 and pCO2 with a slight decrease in pH.
Abstract: The role of body water metabolism on acute altitude exposure was studied. The studies were carried out in rabbits divided into four groups, namely, (i) control, (ii) exposed to acute hypoxia, (iii) exposed to acute hypoxia after treatment with 250 mg acetazolamide and (iv) exposed to acute hypoxia after treatment with 25 mg spironolactone. Total body water, extracellular water, intracellular water and blood volume decreased by an insignificant amount on exposure to hypoxia and plasma volume decreased by 5.7% (P<0.025). Treatment with either acetazolamide or spironolactone resulted in further marginal decrease in total body water. In the case of acetazolamide, the loss occurs from both intracellular and extracellular compartments, while treatment with spironolactone resulted in significant loss only from extracellular compartment. Treatment with both the drugs resulted in a small rise in pO2 and pCO2 with a slight decrease in pH. Our data suggested spironolactone to be a better prophylactic agent for use on acute high altitude induction.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The concentration of RBC K+ was lowest in the winter season when the reproductive efficiency was highest, and changed significantly with the change in haemoglobin, whereas RBC zinc did not show any specific trend.
Abstract: Fifteen normal lactating, freshly calved Murrah buffaloes kept under similar conditions of management were used for study of the variations in erythrocyte K+ and trace minerals (Zn, Fe and Cu). There were highly significant differences (P<0.01) between seasons with respect to RBC K+, Zn, Fe and Cu. The concentration of RBC K+ was lowest in the winter season when the reproductive efficiency was highest. RBC Fe and Cu changed significantly with the change in haemoglobin, whereas RBC zinc did not show any specific trend.