Showing papers in "International Journal of Educational Management in 2002"
TL;DR: This article examined the factors motivating international student choice of the host country and concluded that economic and social forces within the home country serve to "push" students to seek overseas education and influencing the decision process in selection of a final study destination.
Abstract: Examines the factors motivating international student choice of the host country. It describes a “push‐pull” model motivating the student’s desire to seek overseas education and influencing the decision process in selection of a final study destination. Drawing on the findings from research studies undertaken in Indonesia, Taiwan, China and India, the paper examines the factors influencing host country selection and additional research that examines the factors influencing choice of final host institution. Based on these findings the paper argues that economic and social forces within the home country serve to “push” students abroad. However, the decision as to which host country they will select is dependent on a variety of “pull” factors. After drawing together the findings, the paper then examines the implications for governments and education institutions seeking to recruit international students.
1,275 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA) to investigate the importance of a number of attributes to high-school leavers in Australia and found that the four most important determinants of university preference were course suitability, academic reputation, job prospects, and teaching quality.
Abstract: Tertiary education has become more competitive in recent years due to reductions in government funding and higher student fees. As the nature of the environment grows more competitive, the role of marketing, previously non‐existent in most universities, has grown significantly. One of the key pieces of information that would assist a university’s marketing effort is an understanding of what determines a student’s university preference. Examines university preference using a form of conjoint analysis, known as adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA), to investigate the importance of a number of attributes to high‐school leavers in Australia. Results indicate that the four most important determinants of university preference were course suitability, academic reputation, job prospects, and teaching quality, which has significance for education managers developing marketing strategies and programs.
518 citations
TL;DR: Lawrence and Nohria as mentioned in this paper examine the common drives that shape human behavior, and show how they evolved, what they evolved to accomplish, and how they still operate in both small and large group settings.
Abstract: It is not the laboratory but the workplace that is the ideal setting to study human nature, according to Lawrence and Nohria. This book seeks to examine the common drives that shape human behavior, and to show how they evolved, what they evolved to accomplish, and how they still operate in both small and largegroup settings. Although this book has much to say about human psychology, authors Paul Lawrence and Nitin Nohria are not psychologists. Both are professors of organizational behavior at Harvard, and they well know that the individual human cannot be understood distinct from his or her reciprocity groups, of which the epitome is the modern tribe known as an organization. As the authors remark about their own professional backgrounds, they “might seem like unlikely candidates to propose a new synthesis, a unified science of human nature. Yet we feel that we are ideally suited to the task [because] we have spent our entire careers studying the way people behave in that most fascinating setting of human behavior, the workplace” (p. 17). Humans are social creatures through and through. As undergraduate psychology majors universally learn, at its core, all psychology is social psychology. In their succinct, direct writing style, the authors first lay out their assumptions, which are based largely on the thoughts and theorizing of respected social science researchers and writers past and present; the list includes Steven Pinker, David Buss, Leda Cosmides, Richard Dawkins, Jared Diamond, Lawrence Kohlberg, Sarah Hrdy, Ian Tattersall, and many others. The assumptions have varying degrees of research backing, but are all drawn from mainstream psychological thought (if evolutionary psychology can also now claim to be a mainstream theory). The evidence is clear, the authors observe, that the modern human is the product, physically, mentally and behaviorally, of the processes of natural selection. Further, they assert, the human brain is de facto a computational device. Our species’ brain has evolved across millions of years, with significant changes happening within the past 100,000 years, in parallel with advances in tool-making, language, and the growing complexity of our social groupings (e.g., the establishment of large communities and cities and the multiple layers of social norms and rules). From these assumptions, Lawrence and
165 citations
TL;DR: Parallel leadership as discussed by the authors represents a relationship between teacher leaders and principals that is grounded in the values of mutual trust, shared directionality and allowance for individual expression, and appears to provide a leadership foundation upon which successful school reform can be built.
Abstract: The concept of parallel leadership that is introduced in this article derives from a five‐year research project that was first reported in IJEM in 1997. Parallel leadership represents a relationship between teacher leaders and principals that is grounded in the values of mutual trust, shared directionality and allowance for individual expression. It appears to provide a leadership foundation upon which successful school reform can be built. Thus, the lid of what Hallinger and Heck have called the “black box” of school reform may have been prised open.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the implementation of a model of professional development in which school reculturing, collaboration between teaching professionals and opportunities for individual teacher learning are core themes.
Abstract: Professional development aims to impact upon teacher knowledge, teacher practice and thus change student outcomes. Some of the most effective examples of professional development have focussed on active involvement of staff and administration in the process and have been extensive and progressive in nature. In this paper, we report on the implementation of a model of professional development in which school reculturing, collaboration between teaching professionals and opportunities for individual teacher learning are core themes. This study, undertaken at a disadvantaged primary school in Queensland, Australia, was a collaborative effort between the school and a university. The case study data were collected within the context of a larger research project. Analysis of the data, collected from focus group interviews with 11 teachers at the school and reflective notes taken from the second author’s research journal, revealed four major themes which focus on reflections of the process of professional develop...
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine whether strategic planning can be effectively implemented in the Cyprus educational system and examine the main elements of the process: strategic analysis, strategic choice and strategy implementation.
Abstract: Aims to examine whether strategic planning can be effectively implemented in the Cyprus educational system. Initially discusses the strategic planning process and what it is all about. Then examines the main elements of the process: strategic analysis, strategic choice and strategy implementation. Subsequently refers to the application of the process in education and attempts a comparison between business and education and, at the same time, examines the extent to which this process can be effectively used in educational institutions. A brief historical background of the Cyprus Educational System is also given and, finally, a strategic plan that can be adopted for the system is proposed. Investigates all these aspects by reviewing the pertinent literature and drawing from personal professional experience.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore some of the tenets that lead to the success and demise of school/university partnerships and describe a collaborative process employed by a university department of educational leadership, a regional consortium, and three school systems to design and offer a principal preparation program, delivered entirely in the field.
Abstract: Educational partnerships between universities and public schools have existed for over 100 years. During this time, especially the last decade, many educational partnerships were formed, only to fizzle shortly thereafter. When educational partnerships have been formed to provide only temporary band‐aid solutions to very complex and multifaceted problems, they, like other trends, have faded away. Yet, some educational partnerships have continued to shine and to become viable coalitions. Successful partnerships focused on complex issues related to staff development, teacher training and school leadership require extensive collaboration, reflection, and continued revision. The purpose of this article is to explore some of the tenets that lead to the success and demise of school/university partnerships. In addition, this article describes a collaborative process employed by a university department of educational leadership, a regional consortium, and three school systems to design and offer a principal preparation program, delivered entirely in the field.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss university education in Kenya with emphasis on patterns of financing and how this has affected overall operations of the universities and evaluate measures that are being put in place by the universities to cope with reduced funding.
Abstract: This article discusses university education in Kenya with emphasis on patterns of financing and how this has affected overall operations of the universities. Reforms that have been implemented to reduce government grants to the public universities in an attempt to make them self‐sustaining are assessed. Private universities are discussed in the context of how they differ from the public universities. Problems facing the public universities are outlined. Measures that are being put in place by the universities to cope with reduced funding are evaluated.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an instrument that can be used to diagnose teachers' interpersonal skills, one element of teaching quality that may be of interest to schools, based on the theory of interpersonal communication of Timothy Leary.
Abstract: Due to increased external, societal pressure on schools via developments such as accountability and accreditation, there is a growing need of schools for instruments that provide them with information on the quality of the teaching and learning processes they organize. This paper presents an instrument that can be used to diagnose teachers’ interpersonal skills, one element of teaching quality that may be of interest to schools. The instrument is based on the theory of interpersonal communication of Timothy Leary. Apart from a discussion of the theoretical framework behind the instrument, the paper presents information on the instrument itself and procedures for using the instrument with teachers and students. Also, information is provided on possibilities of using the instrument for staff development and other purposes of schools. The instrument appears to be of high quality and is accompanied by a large database of information linking it to other factors in the classroom context.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of perceptions of staff working in flatter organizations focuses on climate, job meaningfulness, communications, work intensity and personal motivation, concluding that old attitudes persist and an investment in changing the culture is required in order to maximise employee empowerment in new structures.
Abstract: Over the past decade delayering and horizontal management structures have been adopted in both business and education. Their impact, however, on senior and junior staff is less well understood. Flatter organisations offer a new set of management actions; more teamwork, less bureaucracy, better communications, opportunities for professional development and greater job satisfaction. The effectiveness of this change critically depends on the attitudes and perceptions of the people working in flatter organisations. Do they recognise this cultural as well as organisational change? Do employees feel more empowered? This explanatory survey of perceptions of staff working in flatter organisations focuses on: climate, job meaningfulness, communications, work intensity and personal motivation. The findings are that old attitudes persist and an investment in changing the culture is required in order to maximise employee empowerment in new structures.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework of six changes and six challenges for school leaders to consider as they move through the first decade of the new millennium, which is intended to be a means of providing a strategic discussion framework for leadership development within schools.
Abstract: School leaders face many changes and challenges as they navigate their schools through complex and turbulent educational environments. Highly effective school leaders cope with complexity by building mental models or frameworks to understand the world that they face and operate in. This paper sets out a framework of six changes and six challenges for school leaders to consider as they move through the first decade of the new millennium. The paper is intended to be a means of providing a strategic discussion framework for leadership development within schools.
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified framework from an economic perspective for analyzing education policy is proposed, which takes into account the demand for and supply of education, the education system structure, the economic effects and consequences, and their interrelations.
Abstract: Attempts to propose a simplified framework from an economic perspective for analyzing education policy. The framework takes into account the demand for and supply of education, the education system structure, the economic effects and consequences, and their interrelations. Maps out some key economic areas, issues and concerns in analysis and discussions of education policy. The framework will serve to facilitate economic considerations and analyses in current education policy debate in different parts of the world.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the development of the subject matter taught is in danger of becoming irrelevant to the needs of the customers purported to be served and, hence, at best marginalised and at worst excluded, from the discourse of education.
Abstract: Argues that the subject matter involved in the process of knowledge transfer needs also to be an integral part of the discourse and that this consideration is of particular relevance within the business school community of higher education. Further argues that the development of the subject matter taught is in danger of becoming irrelevant to the needs of the customers purported to be served and, hence, at best marginalised and at worst excluded, from the discourse of education. States that the trend in management teaching and research to increased specialism and self‐referential legitimation is ultimately self‐defeating because the needs of the customers involved are changing from specialisation to generalisation. Concludes that, consequently, academics in the management metadiscipline are in fact legitimating their own irrelevance and marginalisation and that the discourse of teaching management subjects needs to include not just academics, and their needs and desires, but also those of their customers.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the perceptions of school leaders who have engaged in practitioner research, concentrating on perceptions which relate to schools as organisations, is presented, with the authors concluding that the nature of schools as organizations is contested, with much of the regulatory framework within which schools operate being no longer supportive of the direction for development favored by school leaders.
Abstract: Reports a study of the perceptions of school leaders who have engaged in practitioner research, concentrating on perceptions which relate to schools as organisations. The study complements recent theoretical work on the connections between reflective practice, leadership and organisational environment. It illustrates tensions between leaders’ values and national policies, their experience of school autonomy, and approaches to developing the cultural characteristics of learning organisations. The study also illustrates the organisational implications of futures thinking, and changing patterns of surveillance and control in schools. The article concludes that the nature of schools as organisations is contested, with much of the regulatory framework within which schools operate being no longer supportive of the direction for development favoured by school leaders who have thought through their own commitment to learning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the messages through which low-stratified higher education institutions strive to increase their organisational image and product status and concurrently to attract prospective students.
Abstract: The current paper explores the messages through which low‐stratified higher education (HE) institutions strive to increase their organisational image and “product” status and concurrently to attract prospective students. Thus, by a qualitative content analysis of 66 advertisements of teacher training colleges in Israel, the paper provides insight into the complexity of re‐building new images for HE institutions that have long suffered, and still suffer, from a low public image. It is argued here that both the messages directed to transmit a more “academic”, “professional” and “university‐like” image, and the messages aimed to emphasise the personal advantages gained by applying to the colleges, may, ironically, further weaken the publicly low‐academic image of the low stratified HE institutions and re‐position them in the post‐secondary system. Practical implications for marketing the low‐stratified HE institutions are suggested.
TL;DR: This paper examined the organizational health of a typical set of high schools in the state of Ohio and defined the percentage of 12th grade students who passed the Ohio Proficiency Examination in Mathematics.
Abstract: School climate has been associated with the academic achievement of students. The purpose of this study was to extend that body of research by examining the organizational health of a typical set of high schools in the state of Ohio. In particular, the focus was on the organizational health of high schools and mathematics proficiency as defined by the percentage of 12th grade students who passed the Ohio Proficiency Examination in Mathematics.
TL;DR: The authors describes a new partnership for leadership preparation between the University of Virginia and three school districts in the metropolitan area of Richmond, Virginia: Hanover County Public Schools, Chesterfield County public Schools, and Henrico County public schools.
Abstract: This article describes a new partnership for leadership preparation between the University of Virginia and three school districts in the metropolitan area of Richmond, Virginia: Hanover County Public Schools, Chesterfield County Public Schools and Henrico County Public Schools. A brief history of the establishment of the partnership is given along with some of the key planning details that helped create it. The initiative is grounded in the current literature on new programs for principal preparation and some reflections are offered on its potential strengths. Other school districts and universities are encouraged to form similar partnerships for the benefit of future educational leaders.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the views of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers regarding the effectiveness of school leaders in Cyprus, and found that in service teachers were significantly more positive than preservice teachers in their assessment of school principals.
Abstract: Compares the views of pre‐service and in‐service elementary school teachers regarding the effectiveness of school leaders in Cyprus. Data were collected from 66 in‐service teachers, and 79 pre‐service teachers enrolled at the University of Cyprus. The findings indicate that in‐service teachers were significantly more positive than pre‐service teachers in their assessment of school principals. The former considered the weaknesses associated with principals to be mainly the result of the limitations of the educational system in Cyprus, whereas the latter expected their future superiors to be ineffective in their management of interpersonal relationships. The paper points to the need for better training and preparation of both school leaders and teachers before their appointments.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical survey has been carried out in four departments in order to explore the perception, views and preferences of the administrative staff of the entire process and its related issues, and the results indicated that lack of provision for formal appraisal has often resulted in inconsistencies, little or no provision for establishing formal dialogue between management and the staff concerning their performance expectations, misplacement of personal goals, and realistic opportunities for personal and career development.
Abstract: Little has been reported in the literature on the perception and understanding of administrative staff regarding the processes involved in performance appraisal within the higher educational establishments. At the University of Bradford appraisal for this cadre of employees has hitherto taken a voluntary form. In response to this vacuum, an empirical survey has been carried out in four departments in order to explore the perception, views and preferences of the administrative staff of the entire process and its related issues. The results indicated that lack of provision for formal appraisal has often resulted in inconsistencies, little or no provision for establishing formal dialogue between management and the staff concerning their performance expectations, misplacement of personal goals, and realistic opportunities for personal and career development. Therefore concludes that there is an urgent need for the university to disseminate its policies widely and maintain uniformity of practice throughout its departments. Moreover, attention ought to be paid to the effective training and the role and responsibilities of line managers.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the competency level of primary school teachers in the disciplines of science, mathematics and pedagogy and found that teachers have a low level of competency in all these three areas.
Abstract: The study is aimed at investigating the competency level of primary school teachers in the disciplines of science, mathematics and pedagogy. The sample comprised 1,800 randomly drawn Primary Teaching Certificate (PMC) teachers working in different state primary and middle/elementary schools of 22 districts of the Punjab province. The competency was determined by developing standardised achievement tests in each of the three subjects. The results show teachers have a low level of competency in all these three areas. On average, their achievement rate remained 30.8 percent in mathematics, 34.1 percent in science and 39.2 percent in pedagogy; even below the minimum set criterion of 40 percent against each subject. Gender was found to be a significant indicator in the study that the competency level of female PTC teachers was lower than their male counterparts’.
TL;DR: In this article, a starting point for the school leader in learning to lead change is in understanding the nature of change, and the consequences of reacting to change are immense to school organizations and the population the organizations serve.
Abstract: School leadership in contemporary society is immersed in the chaotic nature of change. The rapid rate of change, driven by technology and fueled by growing economic and global concerns, impacts the small rural school district as well as the large urban school district. Effective school leaders understand the magnitude of what it means to lead change. The consequences of reacting to change are immense to school organizations and the population the organizations serve. A starting point for the school leader in learning to lead change is in understanding the nature of change.
TL;DR: Character is at the core of leadership as discussed by the authors and character development requires behavioral change as well as knowledge acquisition, and the ethical lapses among teachers, principals, and superintendents create an even larger issue when one considers the fiduciary trust placed in educators by the public.
Abstract: Character is at the core of leadership. Leaders with virtuous character provide benefit to their schools and communities. Whereas, leaders with character flaws create harm for themselves as well as their community. The ethical lapses among teachers, principals, and superintendents create an even larger issue when one considers the fiduciary trust placed in educators by the public. Character development requires behavioral change as well as knowledge acquisition. Incorporating behavioral change into university administrator preparation programs requires faculty to consider recent findings in neuroscience on how the brain learns and the incorporation of these findings into program design and instruction.
TL;DR: In this paper, an educational management model to support action research into issues relating to the management of distance learning programs is presented, based on four basic building blocks: the organisational context, the pedagogic model, the educational setting and the evaluation process.
Abstract: This paper presents an educational management model to support action research into issues relating to the management of distance learning programmes. The educational management action research (EMAR) model proposed, is grounded on a practitioner action research approach as the guide for everyday work and professional life. EMAR is based on four basic building blocks: the organisational context, the pedagogic model, the educational setting and the evaluation process. The model presented in this paper enabled the maintenance, improvement and update of a CPDE course in IT, a fast moving and highly competitive field. The model emerged as an invaluable tool to implement and understand management issues and research in CPDE. It enabled both tutors and students to be actively involved in course development and delivery, and resulted in a highly motivated staff and satisfied cohort of students.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined communication competence, cultural awareness, and communication apprehension of UK teachers in a British curriculum international school in Bangkok, Thailand and found that the respondents had a high level of self-reported communication competence and high levels of cultural awareness.
Abstract: Cross‐cultural communication competence is a key issue in teaching in international schools. Cultural awareness issues are likely to play a role in how effectively the expat teachers in international schools are able to teach. This research examines communication competence, cultural awareness, and communication apprehension of UK teachers in a British curriculum international school in Bangkok, Thailand. Generally, the respondents have a high level of self‐reported communication competence, high levels of cultural awareness, and low communication apprehension. Although the sample size in this pilot work is small, the data do seem to show that intercultural awareness is related to communication competence, and that it is also related to communication apprehension, which itself relates to communication competence. This is an important issue for future research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the relative importance of external environment, internal conditions and contextual variables as the major source or momentum for school organizational learning, and conclude that it is the leaders through their voluntary choice who bring about organizational change.
Abstract: Reports upon research carried out in Taiwan to assess the relative importance of external environment, internal conditions and contextual variables as the major source or momentum for school organizational learning. Maps out the intricate causal relationships among all external, internal and contextual factors with organizational learning process and outcomes. The sample comprised 51 primary and 37 secondary schools. It was found that school internal conditions – notably transformational leadership, positive school culture and supportive structure – outrank factors from other sources as the most critical elements in promoting organizational change, irrespective of the type and nature of schools or individual personal and background factors. Environmental constraints were not shown to be the dominant forces for organizations to engage in learning. Concludes that it is the leaders through their voluntary choice who bring about organizational change.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the networked business school as a response to this radicalization within the field of management education and management learning, since network organization seems to offer a lot of possibilities and benefits to the organization of business schools.
Abstract: Transformations in the context of higher education urge educational institutions to (re)position and (re)organize themselves to counter the challenges these transformations bring. Especially regarding universities and business schools, organizations that encompass a broad range of communities, operations, and activities, these transformations result in the radicalization of what Kerr has called the multiversity. The rationale of this radicalization is to be found in the trends and developments in the contemporary context of higher education. This article presents the networked business school as a response to this radicalization within the field of management education and management learning, since network organization seems to offer a lot of possibilities and benefits to the organization of business schools.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors underline the particular issues and problems facing universities when confronted with pressures to downsize, focusing on three major points: the factors causing universities to consider downsizing; the special nature of universities that makes downsizing particularly difficult; and the downsizing methods used by universities.
Abstract: While downsizing is often automatically associated with for‐profit organizations, many of the pressures that have led businesses to downsize over the last 20 years have also affected public‐sector organizations, including universities. The primary focus of this article is to underline the particular issues and problems facing universities when confronted with pressures to downsize. Begins with a general overview of downsizing and its outcomes, followed by an analysis of downsizing in higher education with an emphasis on three major points: the factors causing universities to consider downsizing; the special nature of universities that makes downsizing particularly difficult; and the downsizing methods used by universities.
TL;DR: The Higher Hotel Institute, Cyprus, has recently embarked towards the establishment of a customer-driven management culture as discussed by the authors, and the approach taken by the Institute in collecting and using service quality-related information from three principal groups: namely, future employers, staff and students, towards this goal.
Abstract: Applying total quality management (TQM) principles in education still remains a great challenge. This paper focuses on hospitality education. Although anecdotal evidence on successful TQM implementation in various hotels can be easily found, no formal approaches on how to implement TQM to the hospitality educational process have appeared in the literature. The Higher Hotel Institute, Cyprus, has recently embarked towards the establishment of a customer‐driven management culture. The paper presents and discusses the approach taken by the Institute in collecting and using service quality‐related information from three principal groups: namely, future employers, staff and students, towards this goal. Future research directions are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a decisional framework based on the notion of social time or "timescape", which is captured by six dimensions: timeframe, temporality, (a)synchronization, sequence, emerging pauses/gaps, and simultaneity.
Abstract: Many educational managers/administrators are experiencing a “quickening” of their decision‐making processes, due primarily to the globalization of education, fueled by the advances in communications technology and increased deregulation. Modifications in the timeline associated with the growing segment of online education leaves educational managers struggling with a means to maintain a rational decision‐making framework that provides a way to justify their choices under severe time pressures. Presents a decisional framework based on the notion of social time or “timescape”. The construct of timescape is captured by six dimensions: timeframe, temporality, (a)synchronization, sequence, emerging pauses/gaps, and simultaneity. Examines each of these dimensions in the educational context. Outlines, the implications for the use of the timescape‐based framework for online education strategy.