Showing papers in "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency and economics of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells have been analyzed in various load profiles and for various development and cost scenarios, and the results indicate that in the best case scenario the fuel cells can be produced at ~$100/kW, operate at 50% efficiency, and generate electricity at

TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined experimentally the extent to which carbon sorbents such as activated carbon, carbon black, carbon aerogels, and carbon molecular sieves can augment the capacity of compressed hydrogen gas (CHG) storage systems.

TL;DR: In this article, a low cost/high performance hydrogen or reformate/air stack technology is developed based on ultra-low platinum loadings and non-machined, inexpensive elements for flow fields and bipolar plates.

TL;DR: A preliminary analysis is presented of a two stage process in which microalgae are cultivated in large open ponds to produce a high carbohydrate biomass that then produces hydrogen in tubular photobioreactors, of lower cost than systems based on electrolysis of water using photovoltaic electricity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated hydrogen production from a model lignocellulosic waste in inhibited solid substrate anaerobic digesters, and found that 1% vv in the headspace was as effective as bromoethanesulfonate in inhibiting methanogenic activity in batch an-aerobic composters containing 25% (wv) total organic solids inoculated with an undefined cellulotytic consortium derived from anaerobytic digesters.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, safety, and maintenance issues of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant which uses hydrogen energy storage and fuel cell regenerative technology are reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a fuel processor based on the catalytic decomposition of natural gas to hydrogen for fuel cell applications, where natural gas is decomposed over a catalyst; carbon is deposited on the catalyst and hydrogen is produced.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors briefly review hydrogen as a fuel in aviation, compare it with other aviation fuels, and discuss the possible future developments and the goals in this field. But, they do not discuss the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the validity of these hypotheses by comparing numerical results obtained with and without these hypotheses for a LaNi5-hydrogen reactor, and the results show that these hypotheses are valid under almost all conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of variation in concentrations of Ru(bpy)32+ and MV2+ on hydrogen photoproduction were investigated. And the efficiency of the sensitizers in hydrogen production was found to decrease in the order: Eosin Blue > Rose Bengal > Ru( bpy) 32+ > rhodamine B = acriflavin > fluorescein.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method to analyze the hydrogen production potential (HPP) of photoelectrochemical systems, based on the lumped equivalent circuit model of a photocell driving a current dependent electrochemical load, is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the potential of large-scale liquid hydrogen production and utilization and outline a research program that can address some of the areas where knowledge is a little deficient.

TL;DR: The Hynol process as discussed by the authors is proposed to meet the demand for an economical process for methanol production with reduced CO2 emission, which consists of three reaction steps: (a) hydrogasification of biomass, (b) steam reforming of the produced gas with additional natural gas feedstock, and (c) synthesis of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced during the previous two steps.

TL;DR: In this article, a simulation model based on the shallow-layer differential equations has been developed to simulate the pool spreading and vaporization of a spilled cryogen under various conditions taking account of concomitant phenomena such as ice formation on the water surface.

TL;DR: In this article, a review describes the various recent exploratory works of solar energy H2 production from H2S as a more useful alternative to the existing thermal catalytic process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a demonstrative plant, located near Rome (Italy), built to investigate and test some commercial solar-hydrogen technologies, consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) array coupled to a high pressure alkaline electrolyser; a storage for hydrogen gas in a metal hydride alloy, and a pressurised gas cylinder; and a solid polymer fuel cell as regenerative technology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of an investigation of the hydrogenation characteristics and the micro-structural refinement by hydrogen treatment for a Ti-6A1-4V cast alloy were presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a plasma-driven process is described for the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels into hydrogen-rich gases for use in fuel cells, where high gas temperatures obtained via plasmas reduce the volume and weight of the reformer due to the fast kinetic rates.

TL;DR: In this article, the photoresponse of n -TiO 2 films prepared by thermal oxidation was examined under illumination of light in combination with dark electrode (Pt) for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in a self-driven two compartment cell having a pH gradient.

TL;DR: The pH optimum for the H2 production was more alkaline; the maximal rates of H2 photoproduction were observed with V-nitrogenase containing cells, and the highest resistance to alkaline pHs and grew even at pH 10.

TL;DR: Optimal conditions for H2 photoproduction by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis were investigated in batch experiments and a two-phase H2 production system is suggested as being feasible for practical demonstration.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a joint German-Russian project called CRYOPLANE, which considers the use of liquid hydrogen in civil ava-ation, based on concerns about future availability of conventional fuels based on fossil resources and about atmospheric impacts related to the combustion of these fuels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of poisoning by nitrogen and ammonia in the hydrogen gas on hydrogen permeation through Pd-rich PdY(Gd)-Ag and pd-Y-In(Sn, Pb) alloy series have been investigated using mixture gases of both H2 + 10% N2 and H2+ 10% NH3 at temperatures between 523 and 723 K, and input gas pressures between 400 and 667 kPa.

TL;DR: In this article, the Nernst equation has been used to derive the thermodynamic parameters of the hydriding reaction of a hydride electrode, including the change of enthalpy ΔH, change of entropy ΔS and hydrogen pressure calculated from e-c-T curves of electrochemical reactions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a concept has been developed for use of onboard plasmatron generation of hydrogen-rich gas to provide a major decrease in air pollution from internal combustion engine vehicles.

TL;DR: In this article, two different procedures were followed to prepare the electrolyte layers, one consisting of mixing the precursor of a silicon polymer with the crystalline powder of the PWA in an agate mortar and spreading the paste on a glass surface or on the surface of an electrode; the polymerization occurred with the layer already formed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a multilayer structure of the Ni-Mo alloy was used as the electrocatalyst of the cathode and the experimental results showed that the novel cathode not only had highly catalytic activity for HER (hydrogen evolution reaction), but also exhibited excellent durability and stability under the conditions of continuous electrolysis and intermittent electrolysis with short circuiting for more than 2 weeks.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that hydrogen can be produced photoelectrocatalytically from natural seawater under sunlight at ambient temperature without the assistance of externally applied bias potential by the use of a materially optimized thin film transparent titania photocatalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, a charged hydrogen engine with internal mixture formation was presented as part of the HYPASSE (Hydrogen Powered Automobiles using Seasonal and weekly Surplus of Electricity) project.

TL;DR: In this article, a rapid catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol by heating with low-quality thermal energy and heat removal for fractional condensation of evolved gases at ambient temperature (ca 25 °C) make it possible to obtain high quality thermal energy from the hydrogenation heat of acetone.