Showing papers in "International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology in 2014"

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zoneusing Remote Sensing and GIS Technique

Abstract: Groundwater is an important resource contributing significantly in total annual supply. However, overexploitation has depleted groundwater availability considerably and also led to land subsidence at some places. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality and the management of groundwater systems. Groundwater potential zones are demarked with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. In this study a standard methodology is proposed to determine groundwater potential using integration of RS & GIS technique. The composite map is generated using GIS tools. The accurate information to obtain the parameters that can be considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone such as geology, slope, drainage density, geomorphic units and lineament density are generated using the satellite data and survey of India (SOI) toposheets of scale 1:50000. It is then integrated with weighted overlay in ArcGIS. Suitable ranks are assigned for each category of these parameters. For the various geomorphic units, weight factors are decided based on their capability to store groundwater. This procedure is repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers are reclassified. The groundwater potential zones are classified into five categories like very poor, poor, moderate, good & excellent. The use of suggested methodology is demonstrated for a selected study area in Parbhani district of Maharashtra. This groundwater potential information will be useful for effective identification of suitable locations for extraction of water.

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Technique

Abstract: 4 ABSTRACT: Nanosized Titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder was synthesized via sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as the precursor. The as prepared nano powder was used for further characterization. The phase transformation was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anatase structure of titanium dioxide was obtained after calcination. The microstructure was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

A Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Techniques for Speech Recognition System

Abstract: The automatic recognition of speech means enabling a natural and easy mode of communication between human and machine. Speech processing has vast applications in voice dialing, telephone communication, call routing, domestic appliances control, Speech to Text conversion, Text to Speech conversion, lip synchronization, automation systems etc. Here we have discussed some mostly used feature extraction techniques like Mel frequency Cepstral Co-efficient (MFCC), Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) Analysis, Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW), Relative Spectra Processing (RASTA) and Zero Crossings with Peak Amplitudes (ZCPA).Some parameters like RASTA and MFCC considers the nature of speech while it extracts the features, while LPC predicts the future features based on previous features.

Improving The Efficiency Of PolycrystallineSolar Panel Via Water Immersion Method

Abstract: Cooling of the solar cells is a critical issue, especially when designing concentrating photovoltaic (PV) systems. In the present work, the cooling of a photovoltaic panel via Water immersion technique is investigated. The aim of this project is to optimize the efficiency of a solar panel by submerged it in distillated water at different depths. Experiment is done for polycrystalline silicon panel. An evident increase of efficiency is found with increasing the water depth. Results are discussed; thermal drift has been reduced and the solar panel efficiency has increased by about 11% at water depth 6 cm.

Waste Bin Monitoring System UsingIntegrated Technologies

Abstract: Now a days, there are a number of techniques which are purposefully used and are being build up for well management of garbage or solid waste . Zigbee and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are the latest trends and are one of the best combination to be used in the project. Hence,a combination of both of these technologies is used in the project . To give a brief description of the project , the sensors are placed in the common garbage bins placed at the public places. When the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then that indication will be given to ARM 7 Controller. The controller will give indication to the driver of garbage collection truck as to which garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention. ARM 7 will give indication by sending SMS using GSM technology.

Status of E-Waste in India - A Review

Abstract: The mammoth generation of e-waste has created a new e-waste stream in the country containing obsolete, End of life Electrical and Electronics Equipments discarded after their intended use. The innovation, dynamism in product design and globalization replacing these equipments in very duration and made it fast growing waste in the world. E-waste is being generated by both indigenous and outsourced electrical and electronics equipments besides Basel Convention. The knowhow and compatible infrastructure for e-waste treatment is limited in India and informal recycling survived under the ambit of flexible legislative framework. The presence of toxic and hazardous substances in e-wasted equipments attracted the attention of the waste managing agencies in the country because these substances endanger the human health, environment, wherever present in uncontrolled conditions. The existence and implementation of Environmentally Sound Management is partial and progressing very slowly due to obvious reasons. The formal recyclers have commissioned comprehensive e-waste treatment facilities; but inadequate in proportion to the e-waste generation in the country since the informal recyclers are treating 95% of the e-waste generated with hazardous practices. The formal e-waste collection from all sources is ambiguous. E-waste contains a good amount of valuable recyclable materials also and has potential to become lucrative business in the country.

Utilisation of Waste Glass Powder in Concrete A Literature Review

Abstract: Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas; one ton of portland cement clinker production is said to creates approximately one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Environmental issues are playing an important role in the sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry [Naik and Moriconi, 2005] .There is a need to replace a part of cement by some pozzolanic material to reduce the consumption of cement and the environmental pollution can be checked to some extent. Some of the industrial wastes like fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag etc have already established their usage in concrete. Recently the research has shown that the waste glass can be effectively used in concrete either as glass aggregate or as a glass pozzolana. Waste glass when grounded to a very fine powder shows some pozzolanic properties because of silica content. Therefore the glass powder to some extent can replace the cement and contributes for the strength development and also enhances durability characteristics [Chikhalikar S.M. and Tande S.N., 2012]. Demand for recycled glass has considerably decreased in recent years, particularly for mixed-glass. Glass is cheaper to store than to recycle, as conditioners require expenses for the recycling process. There are several alternatives for the reuse of composite-glass. According to previous studies, all these applications, which require pre-conditioning and crushing, are more or less limited and unable to absorb all the quantities of waste glass available. In order to provide a sustainable solution to glass storage, a potential and incentive way would be to reuse this type of glass in concrete [Idir R, 2009].This paper present literature review on replacement of cement by waste glass powder which includes current and future trends of research on the use of crushed glass powder in Portland cement concrete

Screening and identification of biosurfactant(bioemulsifier) producing bacteria from crude oilcontaminated sites of Gujarat, India

Abstract: Sixty nine hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria isolated from selected crude oil contaminated sites of ONGC (Gujarat) were screened for biosurfactant producing potential. VSHUB005 showing 28.59 ± 0.50% emulsification index, 69.73 ± 0.53 mN/m surface tension and 90.46 ± 0.08% interfacial tension reduction was considered as potential biosurfactant producer using primary (hemolytic activity and CTAB agar plate method) secondary (drop collapse, oil spread, emulsification index and surface tension) and tertiary (interfacial tension) screening methods. Very strong, negative correlation between surface tension measurement and interfacial tension reduction (rs= -0.961, AE = -1.000) was measured. VSHUB005 was identified as P. aeruginosa by 16S rDNA gene sequencing technique. The GenBank accession number for 16S rDNA sequence and NCIM culture deposition ID assigned are KC713611 and 5514, respectively

Density Based Traffic Signal System

Abstract: The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density [1]. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The image captured in the traffic signal is processed and converted into grayscale image then its threshold is calculated based on which the contour has been drawn in order to calculate the number of vehicles present in the image. After calculating the number of vehicles we will came to know in which side the density is high based on which signals will be allotted for a particular side. Raspberry pi is used as a microcontroller which provides the signal timing based on the traffic density.

Mechanical Properties of GeopolymerConcrete with Fly Ash and GGBS as SourceMaterials

Abstract: The objective of this project is to study the effect of class fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) at different replacement levels (FA0-GGBS100, FA25-GGBS75, FA50-GGBS50; FA75-GGBS25, FA100, GGBS0). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution have been used as alkaline activators. In the present investigation, it is proposed to study the mechanical properties viz. compressive strength, split tensile strength of low calcium fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. These properties have been determined at different curing periods like 7, 28, 56 and 90 days and at ambient room temperature.

VANETs: A Survey on Routing Protocols andIssues

Abstract: In past few years, VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) has become a remarkable area for research analysis and development. VANET is a subgroup of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network). VANET and MANET both are wireless networks which are characterized as self-configured and autonomous ad-hoc networks. VANETs differ from MANETs in terms of dynamic topology and high mobility. Due to unstable connectivity, high mobility and network partitioning, information routing in VANETs becomes difficult and challenging, thus creating a need for efficient VANET routing protocols. This paper provides a summary on VANET and gives its routing protocols which focuses on vehicle to vehicle i.e. V2V communication. This paper aims at classifying protocols on the basis of routing information and comparing them using following parameters namely methodology used, benefits/strengths and limitations. The paper compares reactive and proactive routing protocols based on their advantages and disadvantages, also discussing the challenges and research related issues for the routing mechanisms that exist in VANETs

A Review on Bio-Composites: Fabrication,Properties and Applications

Abstract: Polymers form the backbones of plastic materials, and are continually being employed in an expanding range of areas. As a result, many researchers are investing time into modifying traditional materials to make them more user-friendly, and into designing novel polymer composites out of naturally occurring materials. A number of biological materials may be incorporated into polymer materials. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in interest in biodegradable bio-composite material for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. The belief is that polymer bio-composite materials will reduce the need for synthetic polymer production (thus reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and economically. This review is intended to provide a brief outline of work that is under way in the area of polymer bio-composite research and development, the scientific theory behind these materials, areas in which this research is being applied, and future work that awaits.

Work Life Balance of Women Employees

Abstract: Worklife balance of women in IT secors is gaining the domain place in highly discussed topics. Family–work conflict and work–family conflict are more likely to exert negative influences in the family domain, resulting in lower life satisfaction and greater internal conflict within the family. Variables such as the size of family, the age of children, the work hours and the level of social support impact the experience of Work family conflict and Family work conflict. It is also significant to note the success level gained by women in career and family inspite of all the stress they undergo at work place. It is also important to consider the consequences these variables have on psychological distress and wellbeing of the working women.

Effect of Using Glass Powder in Concrete

Abstract: The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. Consequently efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use waste materials as partial replacement of coarse or fine aggregates and cement. Waste glass is one materials when ground to a very fine powder shows pozzolanic properties which can be used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the strength of concrete containing waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement for concrete. Cement replacement by glass powder in the range 5% to 40% increment of 5% has been studied. It was tested for compressive strength and flexural strength at the age of 7, 28 and 90 days and compared with those of conventional concrete. Results showed that replacement of 20% cement by glass powder was found to have higher strength. Also alkalinity test was done to find out resistance to corrosion.

Gum Arabic-Coated Magnetic NanoparticlesFor Methylene Blue Removal

Abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated using the chemical co-precipitation method followed by coating the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with gum arabic (GA). The fabricated magnetic nanoparticles were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and GAMNPs nanoparticles had a mean diameter of 33 nm, and 38 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the MNPs modified with GA had homogeneous structure and agglomerated. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) spectrum showed strong peaks of Fe and O. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) indicated that the naked magnetic nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure and the covering of GA did not result in a phase change. The covering of GA on the magnetic nanoparticles was also studied by BET analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Moreover, the present study reports a fast and simple method for removal and recovery of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solutions by using the synthesised magnetic nanoparticles modified with gum arabic as adsorbent. The experimental results show that the adsorption process attains equilibrium within five minutes. The data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation and the maximum adsorption capacities were 8.77 mg mg-1 and 14.3 mg mg-1 for MNPs and GA-MNPs, respectively. The results indicated that the homemade magnetic nanoparticles were quite efficient for removing MB and will be a promising adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes from wastewater.

Textile Waste Water and the advancedOxidative Treatment Process, an Overview

Abstract: Sustainability of the environment has become a focus; hence the need for improvement and monitoring of textile waste water discharges, for which major concern is color. Color in textile dyeing and finishing effluents is as a result of large amounts of dye stuffs left during the dyeing stages and inefficient dyeing processes often resulting in unfixed forms. Waste water from Textile and dyeing industries contain many pollutants, making it high in organic and inorganic chemical content, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and especially, strong color. It is thus difficult to be degraded by the conventional methods; hence the use of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The advanced oxidative process is certainly not a very new treatment method as it has been studied and used extensively; however, hope remains for possible improvement, hence this review. AOPs are being researched more with a view to improve on the treatability of effluents and the hope to use the method for the complete mineralization of dyes. Although they are very effective in complete mineralization of pollutants, AOPs may be very expensive when used solely.

Automatic Melanoma Detection Using Multi- Stage Neural Networks

Abstract: Skin cancer accounts for more than half of all cancers detected in USA every year. Melanoma is less common, but more aggressive and hence more dangerous than the other types of skin cancers. Even though there has been extensive research in the past 20 years on automatic melanoma detection from skin lesion images, most of the dermatologists still do not have access to this technology. In this paper, a novel system is proposed. The system uses enhanced image processing to segment the images without manual intervention. From the segmented image, it extracts a comprehensive set of features using new and improved techniques. The features were fed automatically to a multistage neural network classifier which achieved greater than 97% sensitivity and greater than 93% specificity. The trained system was tested with lesion images found online and it was able to achieve similar sensitivity. Finally, a new approach that will simplify the entire diagnosis process is discussed. This approach uses Dermlite® DL1 dermatoscope that can be attached to the iPhone. After taking the lesion image with a dermatoscope attached iPhone, the physician gets the diagnosis with a few simple clicks. This system could have widespread ramifications on melanoma diagnosis. It achieves higher sensitivity than previous research and provides an easy to use iPhone based app to detect melanoma in early stages without the need for biopsy.

Review on Polyaniline and Its Noble MetalComposites

Abstract: Good environmental stability, High degree of processability and interesting redox properties associated with its chain heteroatom, polyaniline (PANI) has been one of the most extensively studied conducting polymers during the past ten years. The present review attempts for the first time to summarize the explicit and quantitative dealings with the various intrinsic oxidation states of PANI and its synthesis, Characterizations, Development and applications of polyaniline derivatives that have been made during the past decade. The paper includes the advantages of some selected studies carried out on polyaniline and polyaniline Nobel metal composites and the superiority of Polyaniline. Details are provided of the different methods used for the synthesis of PANI along with mechanisms, theoretical studies and number of special methods used to obtain a nanostructured PANI. A detailed discussion on the mechanism of electrical conduction in PANI and the factors those influence the conductivity of PANI is also included. Finally, the progress towards technological applications is evaluated.

The Optimization of Blood Donor Informationand Management System by Technopedia

Abstract: Blood is a saver of all existing lives in case of emergency needs. During the blood transfusion process, the acceptor receiving blood should be considered before donating the blood. The blood donor information should be checked before displaying their details on the website. Technopedia is nothing but web service with a mobile application. In this paper, we propose an extended web application to timely update the information regarding the donors, acceptor and patients where the administrator access the whole information about blood bank management system. Also the proposed work has a Push technology with security, to protect the contact details of the donors in web application where it can be misused by third parties. It also maintains the amount of each available blood groups, if the stock of a particular blood group is lower than the required amount then the proposed method notifies the donor to donate blood. In addition to web application, an android mobile application is proposed to search the donors who are available nearby during the emergency cases such as accidents. Further we include Geographic Information System (GIS) in the mobile application where the data is transmitted between mobile application and the website through wireless network The web based android application is readily scalable, efficient and adaptable to meet the complex need of blood bank who is key facilitators for the healthcare sector. Hence the life at threat can be saved by this optimization technique.

Use of Duckweed in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract: Treatment of domestic wastewater, at both the village and urban level, remains a problem in most developing countries. This is a review paper illustrating the use of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems that provide genuine solutions to these problems. They are inexpensive to install as well as to operate and maintain. They do not require expensive technologies. Therefore, this review paper is oriented towards cost-effective and eco- friendly technology for waste water purification, which will be beneficial for community. This paper discusses the utilization of duckweed plants in purifying water and waste. They are functionally simple, yet easy to maintain; and they can provide tertiary treatment performance equal or superior to conventional wastewater treatment systems now recommended for large scale operation.

Parameters Influencing Dynamic Soil Properties: AReview Treatise

Abstract: Determination of dynamic soil properties is a critical task but an extremely important aspect in geotechnical earthquake engineering problems. Dynamic soil properties include shear modulus, modulus reduction and damping variations with cyclic strains. Field evaluation of dynamic soil properties predominantly aids in the estimation of the shear modulus/shear wave velocity at low strain level. Laboratory based evaluations helps in the estimation of a realistic range of dynamic soil properties (e.g. experiments carried out in a specific strain-controlled environment) at varying strain levels. Factually, the cyclic triaxial method has been the most widely used to measure the strength, deformation and dynamic characteristics of soils. Such experiments can also help to simulate and comprehend the liquefaction characteristics and evaluate the liquefaction potential of the concerned medium. Various parameters like: relative density, confining pressure, soil plasticity, strain amplitude, frequency and magnitude of cyclic loading influence dynamic soil properties. This paper presents a review on the dynamic soil properties and their influencing parameters. Earlier studies on dynamic soil properties are presented systematically to highlight the importance of the each influencing parameter. Subjected to similar testing conditions, a significant difference in the dynamic soil properties for characteristically different soils have been observed by earlier researchers. It has been observed that the dynamic soil properties are affected by many factors like: method of sample preparation in the laboratory (whether intact and reconstituted samples), relative density, confining pressure, methods of loading, overconsolidation ratio, loading frequency, soil plasticity, percentage of fines and soil type.

A Review on Use of Metakaolin in CementMortar and Concrete

Abstract: Concrete a widely used construction material, consumes natural resources like lime, aggregates, water. In this content an interest was made by civil engineers to replace the composite concrete material with industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, and waste glass. In this content metakaolin was a pozzolanic material used in wide range in partial replacement of cement in concrete which was treated as economical and also due to its pozzolanic action increases strength and durability properties of concrete. In view a review was done in utilization of metakaolin in concrete as an partial replacement material to cement which has given excellent results.

Work Life Balance of Women Employees

Abstract: Worklife balance of women in IT secors is gaining the domain place in highly discussed topics. Family–work conflict and work–family conflict are more likely to exert negative influences in the family domain, resulting in lower life satisfaction and greater internal conflict within the family. Variables such as the size of family, the age of children, the work hours and the level of social support impact the experience of Work family conflict and Family work conflict. It is also significant to note the success level gained by women in career and family inspite of all the stress they undergo at work place. It is also important to consider the consequences these variables have on psychological distress and wellbeing of the working women.Aim: To study various factors which could lead to a in depth knowledge about work life balance and stress undergone by women employees. Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the study emphasized the need to formulate guidelines for the management of work life balance at organizational level as it is related to job satisfaction and performance of the employees.

Internet of Things Based Architecture of Weband Smart Home Interface Using GSM

Abstract: In 21st century the people wants the world on their hands. It outlets the revolutions of computing and smart environment. Some technologies like Ubiquitous/pervasive and ambient intelligence satisfy the maximum need of smart world but these technologies are not tightly coupled with internet, so the people needs another technology extension. Internet of Things (IoT) is an ideal emerging technology to influence the internet and communication technologies. Simply “Internet of Things” connects „living and non living things‟ through „internet‟. Traditionally in the object oriented paradigm everything in the world is considered as an object, but in the IoT paradigm everything in the world is considered as a smart object, and allows them to communicate each other through the internet technologies by physically or virtually. IoT allows people and things to be connected Anytime, Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, by using ideally in Any path/network and Any service. This paper proposes architecture to enable the users to control and monitor smart devices through internet. It creates an interface between users and smart home by using GSM and internet technologies, or it simply creates GSM based wireless communication from the web server into the smart home. In this architecture the users give commands through web then the users inputs are converted into GSM-SMS commands. These commands are sent to embedded system module (embedded system directly connect with devices) through GSM network, and finally the user commands are parsed and executed by microcontroller to control any electronic objects like home appliances, lights, etc and it sends the acknowledgement. The embedded system module can place anywhere in the world and it will controlled by IoT Agent through GSM network.

Experimental Study on Light Weight AggregateConcrete with Pumice Stone, Silica Fume and Fly Ashas a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

Abstract: In Design of concrete structures, light weight concrete plays a prominent role in reducing the density and to increase the thermal insulation. These may relate of both structural integrity & serviceability. More environmental and economical benefits can be achieved if waste materials can be used to replace the fine light weight aggregate. The new sources of Structural aggregate which is produced from environmental waste is Natural aggregates, synthetic light weight aggregate The use of structural grade light weight concrete reduces the self weight and helps to construct larger precast units. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the Mechanical Properties of a structural grade light weight concrete M30 using the light weight aggregate pumice stone as a partial replacement to coarse aggregate and mineral admixture materials like Fly Ash and Silica Fume. For this purpose along with a Control Mix, 12 sets were prepared to study the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. Each set comprises of 4 cubes, 2 cylinders and 2 prisms. Slump test were carried out for each mix in the fresh state. 28-days Compressive test, Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength tests were performed in the hardened state. The study is also extended for blending of concrete with different types of mineral admixtures. The test results showed an overall strength & weight reduction in various trails. Therefore, the light weight concrete is no way inferior for construction purpose..

A Study On Preprocessing A MammogramImage Using Adaptive Median Filter

Abstract: Digital mammogram becomes the most effective technique for early breast cancer detection modality and processing these images requires high computational capabilities. Computer image processing techniques will be applied to enhance images. This paper attempts to study about pre-processing is the most important step in the mammogram analysis due to poor captured mammogram image quality. Pre-processing is very important to correct and adjust the mammogram image for further study and processing. Different types of filtering techniques are available for pre-processing. Filters are used to improve image quality, remove the noise, preserves the edges within an image, enhance and smoothen the image. The experimental results concludes that the adaptive median filter is best for mammogram image noise removal and gives better performance by estimating the PSNR values

Earned Value Analysis of ConstructionProject at Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan,Bhopal

Abstract: Project cost is the one of the governing factor in project success. Project management is used to increase productivity in terms of human resource and materials. Earned value management (EVM) is a project performance evaluation technique which has been adapted for application in project management. The technique helps in comparison of budgeted cost of work to actual cost. The present study deals with the scheduling and project monitoring process along with it also discuss main parameter’s involves in the calculation of Earned Value Analysis in cost management of civil construction projects. Primavera P6 software is used for EVM calculations. It is concluded that use of primavera P6 software for earned value analysis calculation of projects.

Challenges in Water Loss Management ofWater Distribution Systems in DevelopingCountries

Abstract: Leakage in water distribution systems is an important issue which is affecting water companies and their consumers worldwide. It has, therefore, attracted a lot of attention of practitioners and researchers as well over the past years. The need to manage leakage in pipe networks of most of the municipalities became more urgent in recent years due to water shortages caused by recent draughts, increasing the demand along with environmental, social and political pressures. High value of non-revenue water reflects huge volumes of water being lost through leaks, not being invoiced to customers. It seriously affects the financial viability of water utilities through lost revenues and increased operational costs. The overall objective of a distribution system is to deliver wholesome water to the consumer at adequate residual pressure in sufficient quantity and achieve continuity and maximum coverage at affordable cost. To attain this objective the organization has to evolve operating procedures to ensure that the system can be operated satisfactorily, function efficiently and continuously as far as possible at lowest cost. This paper provides a comprehensive insight of the issues pertaining to the challenges in water loss management of water distribution systems in developing countries

IRIS Recognition Using Neural Network

Abstract: Biometric identification system employs physiological or behavioural characteristics to accurately identify each subject. The most reliable biometric system is the iris recognition due to richness and stability of iris texture. In this paper we proposed the cumulative sum based change analysis and neural network. The performance evaluation was measured in terms of false rejection rate and false acceptance rate. The experimental result gives the comparison between different methods and shows that neural network is a promising and effective approach in iris recognition

A Sustainable Approach towards theConstruction and Demolition Waste

Abstract: With the growth of society on all the fronts, lot of construction activities are seen everywhere. Mega construction activities are increasing exponentially. Also, the demolition of existing structures, which have outlived its service life, is going on simultaneously. It is not essential that the structures need to be demolished only after their service life span is over, but also due to ongoing trend of reconstruction of even healthy structures just for creating more space in order to meet the present requirement. All such activities are generating huge amount of waste, called the Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste. Disposal of such debris in a sustainable manner is a big challenge for the builders, developers and owners. While the disposal of debris is a challenge, on the other hand there is an acute shortage of naturally available aggregates for construction of buildings. Reduction of this demand in a small way is possible with the reusing or recycling of construction and demolition waste generated from the construction activities. Hence, the construction sector must accept the use of C& D waste wherever feasible