Showing papers in "Journal of Experimental Social Psychology in 1971"

TL;DR: In this paper, both the excitatory potential and the degree of manifest aggressiveness of communications were assessed to select: (a) an aggressive communication associated with a particular excITatory potential; (b) a nonaggressive communication with an excitulatory potential significantly below that of a; and (c) another nonaggressive communications with an eff ective potential significantly above that of an aggressive one.

TL;DR: In this paper, the saliency of possible rejection by the dating choice was varied and both experiments found support for the principle of matching in social choice, however, not just under conditions in which rejection was presumably salient but for all conditions of choice.

TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a favor and of liking on compliance with a request for assistance from a confederate, and the results showed that the relationship between favors and compliance is mediated, not by liking for the favordoer, but by normative pressure to reciprocate.

TL;DR: In this article, three experiments were designed to demonstrate that objective self-awareness, a state in which the individual evaluates himself and attempts to attain correctness and consistency in his beliefs and behaviors, can mediate both opinion change and performance facilitation.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental situation was designed to investigate the differential effects of eye contact and unreciprocated gaze upon GSR activity, and the results showed that the frequency and amplitude of GSR responses were greater when subjects' gazes were reciprocated, (eye contact), than when unrecipient gaze was not reciprocated.

TL;DR: In this paper, male subjects randomly assigned to high and low intimacy experimental conditions were asked to talk about themselves with a confederate who used scripts controlling his intimacy level, and their self-disclosing behavior displayed moderate consistency in the laboratory situation.

TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the behavioral consequences of adaptation to high-intensity aperiodic noise, under conditions where subjects believed or did not believe they had indirect control over termination of the noise.

TL;DR: This paper explored the influence of incompetency, audience acquaintanceship, and anticipated evaluative feedback on face-saving and found that face saving was greater under incompetency than competency.

TL;DR: In this article, subjects were instructed to estimate the true attitude of a target person after reading an essay in which he took one or the other side of a controversial issue (legalization of marijuana), and four independent variables were manipulated: the direction of the essay (pro- versus anti-legalization), its extremity (strong versus weak), freedom to choose position versus assignment to position, and prior expectancy (expect pro versus expect anti).

TL;DR: In this paper, a bogus personality trait scale was administered to subjects, and they were either informed of the range of scores in their group (R conditions) or not informed (NR conditions).

TL;DR: In this article, a simple and parsimonious explanation based on classical conditioning can apparently account for the obtained data, assuming only that the contexts within which "mere exposure" occurs are not affectively neutral, but rather positively evaluated.

TL;DR: The presence or absence of an audience did not significantly affect the emission of dominant responses in pseudorecognition tasks as mentioned in this paper, and the hypothesis that anticipated evaluation was essential to the enhancement of the dominant responses was supported.

TL;DR: This article showed that positive exposure significantly enhanced evaluations, and negative exposure decreased evaluations, while increasing exposure significantly increased attitudes, and positive exposure was very strong for positive stimuli, weak for neutral stimuli and slightly reversed for negative stimuli.

TL;DR: In this paper, competence was manipulated by indicating to the subjects that they were either physically fit (task-relevant response) or possessed creative ability (taskirrelevant), and the dependent variable was the subject's volunteering to donate blood.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors tested the hypothesis that it is not the mere presence of others that reduces speed of helping, but how the others are perceived, and found that if another bystander is seen as not being able to help, then there should be no effect on the speed with which the S helps.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the role of one factor in the reduction of conformity produced by a partner who agrees with the subject in the face of group pressure: the independent assessment of social and physical reality provided by the partner.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Prisoner's Dilemma game was used to examine whether an individual believes that another person likes or dislikes him, will his behavior actually produce those feelings in the other person?

TL;DR: In this article, three factors expected to influence perceptions of equity were manipulated: the competence of the Ss, the allocation of the outcomes, and the contingency of the outcome on performance.

TL;DR: The authors found that significantly more male Ss attempted to interfere with the fight than did female Ss, but none of six male S's interferred when a male was "injuring" a female.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of exposure to an aggressive model and apparent probability of retaliation from the victim, on adult aggressive behavior were examined in an experiment designed to examine the effects that exposure to the model had on adult aggression.

TL;DR: This paper found that the meaning that a speaker conveys may be significantly affected by the context surrounding the intended referent, and that those who were assigned to a predominantly pleasant array of photographs produced the least pleasant descriptive passages, followed by those in an unbiased (full range) condition, and finally, those Ss who are assigned to an unpleasant context, whose descriptions were the most pleasant of all three groups.

TL;DR: This paper found that the attitude change produced by a convincing communication was greater when S s were given caffeine and told it was an analgesic than when they were given a placebo and told they were being given a stimulant.

TL;DR: In this paper, a motivational analysis of decision making in which payoffs are interdependent suggests that choices can be regarded as means of allocating rewards in accordance with certain ethical principles, which may not correspond to rational decision criteria of the sort proposed by statistical decision and game theorists.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of presence of an audience and level of prior anger arousal on adult aggressive behavior were investigated in an experiment with 60 male undergraduates, where subjects were first angered or not angered by a confederate of the experimenter, and then presented with an opportunity to aggress against this individual under one of three conditions: alone in the experimental room (No Audience), in the presence of a crowd which witnessed their treatment at the hands of the confederates (Early Audience) or in the absence of audience which failed to witness these events (Late Aud

TL;DR: In this article, male and 28 female Ss were randomly assigned to two male Es and to two conditions of visual attention: not looking up or glancing toward the Ss on two specific occasions.

TL;DR: This article showed that the evaluative profile of cognitive structure was significantly influenced by homogeneity of information about the attitude object, but the effects of this variable were not detectable using single-score measures of attitude.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of interpersonal attraction on helping was investigated and the results failed to support the balance theory predictions, but generally supported the predictions derived from reactance theory, and two experiments were reported, using male university students.

TL;DR: This article found that groups that were homogeneous and heterogeneous in terms of risk preferences were varied orthogonally across conditions of information exchange and discussion, and that the shift toward risk for heterogeneous groups was significantly larger than for homogeneous group members, who did not differ from a control condition.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to test derivations from the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction (Aronson & Linder, 1965 ), and liking change was examined within negative-positive and positive-negative sequences that consisted of evaluations differing in magnitude.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of collective performance and coalition strength on the redistribution of status prerogatives in triads were investigated, where a status hierarchy was established within triads, such that one person held higher control status and two others held lower status.