Showing papers in "Journal of Experimental Social Psychology in 1973"

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of norms on behavior is a function of the tendency to deny or to ascribe responsibility to the self (AR), and personal norms toward donating bone marrow to a stranger were measured in a mailed questionnaire.

TL;DR: A model to account for the positive relationship between transgression and altruism was proposed and tested against three alternative formulations (Guilt, Social Justice, and Self-esteem Bolstering) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to test the proposition that attribution of causality will be determined by the focus of attention, and the results indicated that attributing causality to the self was greater when attention was focused on the self, and that this effect operates independently of whether the consequences are good or bad.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between a child's auditory and verbal skills and the noisiness of his home and found that children living on the lower floors of 32-story buildings showed greater impairment of auditory discrimination and reading achievement than children living in higher-floor apartments.

TL;DR: In this article, three experiments were conducted with undergraduates to test the hypothesis that self-focused attention can alter self-esteem levels and found that subjects whose attention was focused upon themselves by means of exposure to their own tape-recorded voices showed lower self esteem than subjects who heard another's voice.

TL;DR: The authors found that neutral outcomes tended to produce situational attribution, and success produced self-attribution under both cooperation and competition, while failure produced partner attribution under cooperation but situational attribution under competition.

TL;DR: This field experiment tested the hypothesis that social labeling influences an actor's self-concept and his perception of the consequences of his behavior bylabeling subjects charitable or not labeled.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to test the hypothesis that when people change their attitudes they reduce the dissonance associated with the inconsistency of their new and previous positions by distorting their recall of their initial stand to make it consistent with their new attitude.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived from social exchange theory about the role of social attraction and the reciprocity norm on mutual self-disclosure in dyadic relationships and found that willingness to disclose personal information was a positive function of the amount of disclosure input from another person, regardless of the degree of liking for the initial discloser.

TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that when a member did not know whether others were arguing for their own position or were forced to support a position contrary to the one they had originally chosen, and the former was the case, typical shifts in choice were obtained.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that subjects selected a more physically attractive female when assured of acceptance than when acceptance was left ambiguous, and subjects estimated that highly physically attractive females were less likely to accept them as a date than were either moderately physically attractive or physically unattractive females.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that interpersonal comparison theories predict the magnitude of the shift to be a function of (a) and not of (b), while theories of persuasive argumentation predict the opposite.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis suggests that Heider's levels of causality represent two dimensions underlying attribution of responsibility, and that conflicting findings result from failures to control at least one of these two dimensions.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of decomposed games that permitted participants to select alternatives that maximize one or more of the following motivational dispositions: (1) individualism, (2) joint gain (cooperation), (3) relative gain (competition), or (4) minimization of other's gain (aggression).

TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to show that laughter can be socially facilitated and that children listen on headphones to amusing material under three conditions: they were tested in isolation (alone condition), with a nonlistening companion (audience condition), or with another who also listened to the material (coaction condition).

TL;DR: In this article, the presence of others has a facilitative effect on the dominant response, hindering learning when dominant response is incorrect and helping learning when the dominance response is correct.

TL;DR: This paper found that white racial attitudes tend to be ambivalent, rather than simply prejudiced, sympathetic, or indifferent, and that ambivalence about a given group increases the likelihood of guilt arousal in encounters with members of the group, and consequent resort to guilt-reductive behavior, such as denigration.

TL;DR: In this paper, two contradictory hypotheses regarding the effect of self-attention or self-awareness on task performance are considered and the results are discussed in terms of their implications for a unified social-psychological theory of evaluative self-aware which could account for findings now classed under separate headings such as test anxiety, selfawareness, and social facilitation.

TL;DR: In this article, the credibility of two communicators was manipulated in factorial combination with the measured variables of initial attitude, issue involvement, and sex, using Japanese university students as subjects, and a significant credibility × initial attitude interaction replicated previous findings and was attributed to disparagement of the less credible of the communicators by subjects whose initial attitudes were extremely discrepant from the position advocated.

TL;DR: The stability of the immediacy behaviors of approach distance, eye contact, approach orientation, and body lean was examined across two interviews over a 25 min and a 1-week interval.

TL;DR: This experiment was prompted by the belief that felt inadequacy and lack of opportunity to reciprocate act as deterrents to help seeking when help is needed as discussed by the authors, and was conducted on 56 freshmen by modifying Greenberg and Shapiro's physical disability paradigm.

TL;DR: In this article, male and female subjects were placed together in pairs for 10 min to get to know each other and talk about anything they wished, and an experimenter gave the participants false feedback about the amount of gaze between them during the conversation.

TL;DR: The effects of censoring a communication, overriding the censor, and the attractiveness of the censor on the potential audience's attitude and desire to hear the communication were studied in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was predicted that a consistent preference for paintings based on nationality by a confederate would cause previously neutral subjects to increase their preference in the direction of this minority viewpoint.

TL;DR: In this article, affiliative reactions to general and specific emotional arousal were compared, and some generalizations about emotional comparison and affiliation were offered, and problems of studying underlying motivations for affiliation were discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrative artifact model is developed from a combination of role theory and McGuire's information-processing theory of social influence, which determines the likelihood that a subject will positively or negatively react to demand characteristics.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that distraction should interfere with message reception but also increase yielding to the message, and support a model of attitude change which considers the effects of independent variables on both reception and yielding.

TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to investigate possible determinants of perceived choice, and the results of both studies provided evidence for the hypotheses that perceived choice will be greater when there is a small difference in attractiveness between outcome alternatives than when there was a large difference and under conditions of low certainty about the attractiveness of each outcome alternative than under condition of high certainty.

TL;DR: In two two-by-two factorial experiments, subjects were either frustrated or not, and then were shown either a film depicting aggression or a neutral film as discussed by the authors, and the most arousal was shown for subjects who had been frustrated and who had watched the aggressive film.

TL;DR: In this paper, group and individual riskiness were compared on $2 "win" best at the race track using the standard pretest-posttest risk-shift design, group discussion to unanimous decision was found to produce a cautious shift in group bets.