Showing papers in "Life Sciences in 2014"

TL;DR: The highlighted studies in the review provide evidence of the ability of curcumin to reduce the body's natural response to cutaneous wounds such as inflammation and oxidation.

TL;DR: Insight is provided into the development of synthetic cathinones as substances of abuse, current patterns of their abuse, known mechanisms of their action and toxicology, and the benefits and drawbacks of their classification.

TL;DR: Evidence reported in this mini-review suggests that K2 products are neither safe nor legal alternatives to marijuana, and suggests that distinct pharmacological properties and metabolism of SCBs relative to Δ(9)-THC may contribute to the observed toxicity.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the numerous interdependent mechanisms including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress that have been demonstrated to contribute to this terminal damage of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

TL;DR: Alternative interpretations on the seemingly paradoxical use of both adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists as neuroprotective agents are proposed to treat these various types of neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Overall, the best predictor of likely cannabimimetic effects in the tetrad tests was good CB1 receptor affinity, and retention of goodCB1 affinity and in vivo activity was observed across a wide array of structural manipulations of substituents of the prototypic aminoalkylindole molecule WIN55,212-2.

TL;DR: The characterization of the mTOR signaling pathway in depression and its action in response to antidepressants show great potential for the identification of new therapeutic targets for the development of antidepressant drugs.

TL;DR: The neuropharmacology of Hsd and Hst is reviewed as a recently emerged topic that has not been addressed in the past, including antidepressant, neuroprotective and the effects of HSD/Hst on memory.

TL;DR: It is concluded that quercetin ameliorates hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, by blunting free radical induced toxicity in T2DM.

TL;DR: Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS and all EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested.

TL;DR: This chapter reviews the different classes of these "synthetic cannabinoids" with particular emphasis on the methods used for their identification in the herbal products with which they are mixed and identification of their metabolites in biological specimens.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ANT is able to regulate ion pump activity and cholinergic neurotransmission, as well as being able to enhance memory and act as an anxiolytic compound in animals with SDAT.

TL;DR: Exosomes derived from curcumin-treated (primed) cells (CUR-EXO) alleviated oxidative stress, tight junctions, adherent junction proteins and EC layer permeability induced during EC damage due to high homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia).

TL;DR: PC treatment alleviated HFD-induced obese status and obesity-related complications such as hyperlipidemic changes that induce cardiovascular disease and NAFLD.

TL;DR: Gastrodin protects midbrain of MPTP-intoxicated mice against oxidative stress, in part, through interrupting ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway mechanism, which will give an insight into the potential of gastrodin in terms of opening up new therapeutic avenues for PD.

TL;DR: The concept of food has expanded beyond its traditional role of survival and hunger satisfaction, to include a role in the prevention and treatment of disease, and the current status of resveratrol research on cardioprotection is discussed.

TL;DR: An exhaustive study of animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction to better understand the prognosis, biochemical, and behavioral alterations that occur during dementia and hence facilitate drug discovery and development.

TL;DR: The biological effects of SO2 in mammals are reviewed in this study and SO2 may have a dual role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological effects in mammals.

TL;DR: The results revealed that N2A cells are suitable cellular models to evaluate neuroprotective effects of RA, and suggest that RA may potentially serve as an agent for prevention of several human neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The history of cathinone and its synthesized derivatives from early records to the present day, including the appearance of synthetic cathinones in the drug combination known as bath salts is summarized.

TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that TMA/TMAO production from quaternary amines could be decreased by targeting bacterial TMA-production and the production of pro-atherogenic TMAO can be suppressed by shifting the microbial degradation pattern of supplemental/dietary quaternARY amines.

TL;DR: Testosterone may act in part via an effect on the key regulatory lipogenic enzymes to protect against hepatic steatosis and an action of testosterone on hepatic lipid deposition which is independent of the classic AR is implicated.

TL;DR: Results indicate that 1.5-DHP produces anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects by PGE2 synthesis reduction through COX-1/COX-2 inhibition and by TNF-α synthesis/release inhibition.

TL;DR: It is proposed that cardiomyocytes act as innate immune cells in myocardial I/R injury, which is primarily a manifestation of the innate immune responses.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of carotenoids usually detected in human blood plasma (β-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) to prevent the oxidative damage in erythrocytes was evaluated.

TL;DR: The role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of infectious processes is discussed and the peptide is increasingly recognized as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.

TL;DR: It is shown, for the first time, that pre-administration of pomegranate extract to rats, can offer a significant dose-dependent neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury and DNA damage via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,Anti-apoptotic and ATP-replenishing effects.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the role of ET-1 in the development of fibrosis is reviewed, with particular focus on the regulation of its biosynthesis and the molecular mechanisms involved in its profibrotic actions.

TL;DR: N-acetylcysteine showed therapeutic effects against malathion toxicity, and leukocytosis, T cell count and IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ expression were reduced and NAC restored liver enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers.

TL;DR: It is concluded that supranutritional levels of SeNPs had no obvious toxic effects in rats, and could be used as potential candidates for cancer chemoprevention, although doses greater than 2.0 mg Se/kg-bw induced chronic toxicity.