Showing papers in "Neurochemistry International in 2015"

TL;DR: It remains promising that an alkaloid drug candidate could significantly affect the progression of AD in addition to providing symptomatic relief.

TL;DR: The present paper aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the neuroprotective effects of chrysin as well as its chemistry, sources and bioavailability.

TL;DR: Results showed that caffeine prevents the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress and consequently alleviated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration; and synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment, which could suggest that caffeine might be a dietary anti-oxidant agent and a good candidate for the age-related Neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: The current review examines the beneficial effects of flavonoids on both human and animal brain function and attempts to address and link direct and indirect actions of Flavonoids and their derivatives within the central nervous system (CNS).

TL;DR: These studies were prompted to provide a rationale to the finding that copper is released in the synaptic cleft upon depolarization, and report that copper can control, directly or indirectly, the activity of the neurotransmitter receptors (NMDA, AMPA, GABA, P2X receptors), thus affecting excitability.

TL;DR: The neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury is discussed, with a focus on the molecular pathways responsible for this protection.

TL;DR: It is concluded that quercetin might inhibit the viability and migration and promote the senescence and apoptosis of glioma cells by suppressing the Ras/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways.

TL;DR: There is a general agreement about the protective effect exerted by glutathione and glutATHione transferases but no clear answer about the mechanisms underlying this crucial role in the insurgence of neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: This study provides extensive characterization of LPS induced model of PD and confirms the co-existence and complex interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress contributing equally to the dopaminergic neuronal degeneration process in PD.

TL;DR: This review specifically focuses on the role of the systems operating in mitochondria, and there is a growing consensus that the mitochondrial SOD isoform - SOD2 and GSH are critical for the cellular antioxidant defense.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of acute liver failure (ALF) in the rat TAA model on ADMA concentration in plasma and cerebral cortex, and on the activity and expression of the ADMA degrading enzyme, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), in brain and liver.

TL;DR: It is surmised that improving the bioavailability of polyphenols entails efficient in vivo transport across BBB, biochemical stability, improved half-life and persistent neuroprotection in the CNS.

TL;DR: It is suggested that curcumin is effective in attenuating glial activation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronic epilepsy.

TL;DR: Evidence points to quercetin as a preventive molecule for neuropathology when administered in natural matrices such as vegetables and food, although more research is needed to support its use as a lead compound in its free form in acute treatments, requiring new pharmaceutical formulations and/or structural changes to limit its pro-oxidant and toxic effects.

TL;DR: Melatonin enhances autophagy, which inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, thus protecting mice from secondary brain injury after TBI, and simultaneous treatment of 3-MA reversed the beneficial effects of melatonin on mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

TL;DR: In the neonatal brain, relatively more glucose is prioritized to the pentose phosphate pathway than glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, which may determine the ability of the brain at various ages to resist excitotoxic insults such as hypoxia-ischemia.

TL;DR: Evidence of new already proven and potential targets to explain the benefits of using SAC against toxic and pathological conditions are visited and detailed to provide a more complete overview on the promising aspects of SAC in research.

TL;DR: The results showed that anthocyanins are potential candidates to treat neurodegenerative disorders like AD and reversed Aβ-induced effect on protein expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and major Alzheimer's markers.

TL;DR: Nanoparticles containing antioxidants have shown promise as high-performance therapeutic nanomedicine in attenuating oxidative stress with potential applications in treating and preventing neurodegenerative conditions, but to realize the full potential of nanoantioxidants, negative aspects associated with the use of nanoparticles need to be overcome to validate their long term applications.

TL;DR: Curcumin micelles proved to be more efficient in preventing mitochondrial swelling in isolated mouse brain mitochondria and protecting PC12 cells from nitrosative stress than native curcumin, indicating less mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and prevention of injury.

TL;DR: The roles of creatine are examined, the current status of translation of this research into use in humans and the clinic is explored and further possibilities for use of creatine in humans are discussed.

TL;DR: Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of bee venom acupuncture therapy (BVA) against rotenone-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in PD mouse model concluded that BVA is a promising neuroProtective therapy for PD.

TL;DR: A review of neuro-anatomical, experimental and clinical pharmacological evidence, as well as the genetic underpinnings of serotoninergic involvement in the etiology of ADHD, suggests that serotonin through the orbitofrontal-striatal circuitry may regulate behavioral domains of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD.

TL;DR: It is time to consider flavonoids in their own right as important modulators of these vital receptors in brain function, with many flavonoid actions on ionotropic GABA receptors being insensitive to the classic benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil and thus independent of the classic Benzodiazepines.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on the role of resveratrol and pterostilbene in improving brain health during aging is summarized, with specific focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling and behavioral outcomes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that targeting mTOR pathway in astrocyte activation may represent a potentially new therapeutic strategy against deleterious neurotoxic processes of reactive astrogliosis in CNS disorders such as ischemic stroke.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, Pre-VPA has induced autism spectrum disorder, which was attenuated by agomelatine, and melatonin receptor agonists may provide beneficial therapeutic strategy for managing Autism spectrum disorder.

TL;DR: A potential neuroprotective target of p38 inhibition via suppressing mitochondrial fragmentation/mitophagy in cerebral ischemic injury is suggested, which might promote cellular survival signaling pathways, attenuate mitochondrial autophagy to maintain mitochondrial contents.

TL;DR: Some of the signaling pathways relevant to cellular energy metabolism that are modulated by 'neurohormetic phytochemicals' (potentially toxic chemicals produced by plants that have beneficial effects on animals when consumed in moderate amounts) are described.

TL;DR: Results suggest that ZnO NPs induce apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/caspase-3/7 pathway and necrosis by LOX-mediated ROS production elevation, and rescue studies suggest that Sodium nitroprusside-induced neurotoxicity and ZnNO NP-mediated NO overproduction were ameliorated by esculetin.