Showing papers in "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes in 1985"

TL;DR: Kahneman and Tversky as mentioned in this paper found that those who incurred a sunk cost inflated their estimate of how likely a project was to succeed compared to the estimates of the same project by those who had not incurred a sink cost.

TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis and a conceptual reevaluation of the role ambiguity and role conflict research were performed using the Hunter, Schmidt, and Jackson (1982, Meta-analysis: Cumulating research findings across studies, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage) metaanalysis procedures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of correlated error among the dependent and independent variables in order to explore whether or not artificial interaction terms can be generated, and the results are clear-cut: Artifactual interaction cannot be created; true interactions can be attentuated.

TL;DR: Considering the reliability estimates reported for the Frequency, Attitudinal, and Time Lost indices, the Time Lost Index was found to be the most reliable and factor analyses of intercorrelations among absence measures provided tentative support for a voluntary-involuntary absenteeism distinction.

TL;DR: This paper found that individuals have a relatively stable rank ordering of the phrases over time, but that different individuals have different rank orderings and that the variability can be attributed to how people interpret the phrases per se, rather than to how they use the number scale.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the effect of layoffs on the subsequent productivity of "survivors" and found that the layoff caused participants to experience increased feelings of remorse and develop more negative attitudes toward their co-worker.

TL;DR: In this article, an experiment was conducted to determine whether physical attractiveness differentially affects the performance evaluations and recommended personnel actions for men and women holding managerial and non-managerial jobs.

TL;DR: In this article, the uncertainty is due to the common, real-world deficiency of information about the process by which the outcomes are determined, and is characterized as having probabilities that are uncertain.

TL;DR: In this longitudinal study of 42 new hospital employees, intention to quit, turnover, absence, attempts to change the job, and heatlh disorders were negatively correlated with job satisfaction; lateness and self-report avoidance scale were not; use of adaptive behaviors was also found to have remedial effects for employee health.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of different types of participation and role models in goal setting on goal acceptance, goal satisfaction, and performance, and found that an individual exposed to a highperforming role model outperformed and had higher goal acceptance and satisfaction than a low-performing model.

TL;DR: This article found that responses to two-attribute stimuli were more favorable in the positive condition than in the negative condition when the key attribute was missing, while evaluations of one-Attribute stimuli relative to evaluations of two-Attribute stimuli were lower in both the positive and negative conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between technology, interdependence, job characteristics, and employee satisfaction, performance, and influence, and found that both the job characteristics and the technology dimensions related positively to influence.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that by 12 years of age, children understand many of the basic concepts of strategic decision making, such as compensation and elimination, and, like adults, they modify their strategies appropriately in response to complexity.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that high and low-power superiors in cooperation had positive expectations, interacted constructively, restated the task, responded to requests for assistance, and developed a positive relationship compared to high-and low power superiors in individualistic and competitive situations.

TL;DR: This paper investigated how well people are calibrated when they assess the probabilities of card combinations in the game of blackjack and found that experience and statistical expertise do not make people better calibrated in this task.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of purpose in the appraisal decision-making process has been explored and two experiments have been conducted to explore how appraisal purpose might affect rater cognitive activities as well.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed new measures of role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload for a group of attorneys located in the headquarters of a large energy company, based upon a recently developed theory of behavior in organizations, which focuses on specific job products as an essential component of organizational roles.

TL;DR: This paper employed a 2 × 2 true-experimental design and regression analyses to assess the main and interactive effects of feedback consistency (consistent vs inconsistent), and feedback favorability (acceptable vs superior), for feedback given at two time periods on measures of perceived feedback accuracy and self-perceived task competence.

TL;DR: This paper used mathematical models of judgment strategies to assess cognitive effort in a multiattribute judgment task and found that those who believed responsibility for the task was shared produced fewer evaluations and used less complex judgment strategies than individual evaluators.

TL;DR: In this paper, the moderating effects of a contextual variable, participation, on job redesign were examined, and the results showed significant main effects of job redesign on several measures of satisfaction.

TL;DR: This paper found that despite the fact that participants' performance was being constrained and they were aware of these constraints, the mere presence of the constraints alone failed to result in lower levels of satisfaction or motivation on a proofreading task.

TL;DR: In this paper, two studies using a computer-simulated, strategy-formulation game and business students were conducted using simultaneous verbal protocols, and it was found that a number of information-processing and information-evaluation thought processes were significantly related to game performance.

TL;DR: In this article, five applications of capital budgeting to selection utility are suggested and discussed, and a rich source of further practical and theoretical development of selection utility models is recommended as well as further theoretical support for further development of utility models.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that SWU theory necessarily involves violations of dominance, but that the theory can be modified to avoid these violations, which is a special case of J. Quiggin's anticipated utility theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that conflict in organizations can be interpreted as conflict over who is to exert influence, and that this conflict, in turn, is caused by structural incongruencies in the distribution of potential influence in groups and organizations.

TL;DR: This article examined the causal influence of cues concerning an individual's own task satisfaction on subsequent task descriptions, and found that subjects given satisfaction feedback rated the task as higher in job scope on the Job Diagnostic Survey than subjects given dissatisfaction feedback.

TL;DR: In this paper, three main strategies were used for solving the problems: (1) addition of the risk levels, (2) computing the mean of the risks levels, and (3) the most frequently used anchoring and adjustment strategy most closely approximating the normatively correct risk over the year.

TL;DR: A generalized multivariate lens model is presented in this article, which allows the analysis of complex human inference tasks, occurring in their natural ecology, may involve judgments or decisions on multiple criteria and/or where the influence of theoretically interesting partitions or augmentations of cue profiles needs to be systematically delineated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of organizational factors on job involvement and specialization involvement and concluded that job involvement is associated primarily with self-expression, although the latter is influenced in turn by participation in decision making.

TL;DR: This article found that self-ratings by shop workers of their job variety, autonomy, task identity, and skill challenge correlate significantly with ratings by observers of the jobs' skill requirements.