Showing papers in "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes in 1994"

TL;DR: The authors summarizes problems with congruence indices, presents an alternative approach that overcomes these problems, and illustrates this approach using data from two samples, and recommends the use and further development of this approach.

TL;DR: This paper presents two approximate methods for multiattribute utility measurement, SMARTS and SMARTER, each based on an elicitation procedure for weights, and proposes tests for the usability of these approximations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared groups of various sizes using a computer-based idea generation system to equivalently sized nominal groups, and concluded that the elimination of production blocking in the computer based groups (a problem common in groups that communicate verbally where only one member of the group can speak at a time) accounts for a significant portion of the enhanced productivity for the computerbased groups.

TL;DR: This article examined factors that enhance the perceived adequacy of explanations for bad news and found that the specificity of the explanation's substance accounted for more variance in judgments of explanation adequacy than did the interpersonal sensitivity of explanation's delivery.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional measure of job search behavior was found using 114 hospital employees, 103 pharmaceutical managers, and 418 graduating college seniors, and LISREL results indicated that financial need and task-specific self-esteem affected both job search behaviors.

TL;DR: In this article, subjects were asked to evaluate the choice of options leading to known outcomes, or to say how they would feel about a chance outcome, in hypothetical decisions, and the authors manipulated the value of the status quo and the assignment of the better or worse outcome to an act or an omission.

TL;DR: This article found that those who were given no forewarning of the money bet significantly more during a gambling game than did those who anticipated the payment, while those who did not anticipate the money spent more money at a basketball game.

TL;DR: This paper argued for an ecological approach to realism of confidence in general knowledge and suggested that general procedures for debiasing overconfidence may be unwarranted, and they suggested that the overconfidence phenomenon is a consequence of the procedures involved in the creation of "traditional" general knowledge items, rather than the result of a cognitive bias.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how differential power among negotiators (in the form of alternatives available to the individuals if the parties fail to reach a negotiated settlement) influences the parameters (e.g., the aspiration levels and reservation prices), the process, and the outcome of the negotiation.

TL;DR: In this article, a causal model of the performance evaluation process was proposed and tested, which incorporated social, situational, affective, and cognitive elements as they affect performance ratings, with particular emphasis on the role of subordinate influence behaviors.

TL;DR: This paper found that initial self-efficacy judgments made in cognitively complex tasks are biased toward overestimates of personal ability (i.e., "overconfidence") and that inducing positive expectations produced overconfidence in choice accuracy, but did not increase effort, attention to strategy, or performance relative to mildly negative and strongly negative expectations.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of method variance on correlations, standardized regression (path) coefficients, and squared multiple correlation coefficients were simulated and the results showed that method variance can have extreme effects on these measures of association, depending on assumptions made about the nature of the method factors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a post-settlement process model of satisfaction using expectancy disconfirmation principles is proposed, based on measurement of profit expectations before a bargaining session, knowledge of the profit outcomes achieved, and comparison operations between the two.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of affect's two primary dimensions, Pleasantness and Arousal, on risk-taking behaviors was examined, and the results were interpreted in terms of congruency between affect and selected risk taking decision strategy and arousal-induced restriction in attentional capacity.

TL;DR: This article examined the role of computer-based decision aids in reducing cognitive effort and therefore influencing strategy selection and found that decision aids which reduce the effort associated with the elimination by aspect strategy induce behaviors associated with elimination by aspects.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors hypothesized that altruism and free riding motivate decisions to obtain vaccination, that individuals can be persuaded by the way questions are framed to free ride or to act altruistically, and that some individuals make vaccination decisions by "jumping on the bandwagon" and doing what most other people do.

TL;DR: This paper examined the differential influence of three features of information display on decision makers' choice processes: (1) the organization of individual items of information into patterns or structures (matrices or lists), (2) the form of individual item (numbers or words), and (3) the sequence in which items or groups of items appear within the organization (sorted or random).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered negotiator cognition and behavior as a function of own frame, foreknowledge about opponent's frame, opponent's communicated frame, and their interactions and found that negotiators were more cooperative under opponent's loss than gain frame.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theory is proposed in which beliefs in the form of internal cue validities mediate the processing of cues in the assessment of confidence, and the conditions necessary for perfect calibration are specified: (a) correspondence between ecological and internal validity, (b) perfect translation of internal validity into a confidence assessment, and (c) consistent utilization of cues.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of risk-avoidant behavior on risk-taking behavior by presenting information about risks associated with different brands of tires and toothpaste, either as incidence rates or as a relative risk ratio.

TL;DR: The status quo bias as described by Samuelson and Zeckhauser (1988) can be decomposed into two primary effects-an exaggerated preference for the current or previous state of affairs and an exaggerated tendency for inaction as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a framework and empirical test of the importance of negotiators' aspiration levels and settlement expectancies on negotiated outcomes is presented, and it is shown that, in the presence of a stable bargaining zone, negotiators' aspirations significantly affect negotiated outcomes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the idea that decision makers may feel they can control both the likelihood and the magnitude of future potential losses (March & Shapira, 1987) and found that if decision makers discount losses more heavily than gains, or if future loss seems less credible than gain, they will make more risky choices when outcomes are delayed than when they are immediate.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the use of equal division as a social decision heuristic in a group resource sharing task and found that subjects for whom the justification was prototypical of resource sharing situations were more likely to violate equality than were subjects with nonprototypical justifications.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new intervention procedure that integrates group facilitation, social judgment analysis, and information technology was developed to overcome more fully the problems typically associated with interaction processes and cognitive processing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an alternative explanation for the apparent overconfidence of subjective probability forecasters in empirical calibration experiments, which is the inevitable regression-to-the-mean phenomenon expected in any random process, has nothing to do with overconfidence in the dictionary sense of that word.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the definition of group performance to include individualistically oriented two-party negotiations and explored the generality of Gersick's model in a completely different group environment.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that what-if analysis creates an "illusion of control" which leads decision makers to overestimate its effectiveness, and a between-subjects experiment was conducted using a production planning task to test this conjecture.

TL;DR: This article presented five experiments that employ continuous variables while exploring the case in which correlations in the data conflict with expectations, showing a lack of reliance on the data, due primarily to a failure to base responses on a valid but nonintuitive predictor.

TL;DR: The authors found that people prefer controllable risks over less dangerous uncontrollable ones and that the ability required to control outcomes was conducive to an "I am above average" bias than when it was not.