Showing papers in "Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology in 1975"

TL;DR: The correlation of brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition with exposure and deaths is of value in diagnosing poisoning in fish populations and has been applied to actual environmental situations.

TL;DR: The existence of a cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed-function oxidase which catalyzes the dehydrogenation of lindane has not previously been reported and may be of importance in the metabolism of other xenobiotics.

TL;DR: Glutathione S -alkyl- and S -aryltransferase activities and the glutathione-dependent reactions involved in the metabolism of diazinon, parathion, DDT and γ-BHC were determined in two susceptible and three resistant housefly strains suggesting that a single enzyme might be involved.

TL;DR: The microsome-NADPH system of mouse liver oxidizes each of benthiocarb, butylate, cycloate, EPTC, molinate, pebulate, and vernolate herbicide chemicals to the corresponding thiocarbamate sulfoxide which is then cleaved by the liver soluble-glutathione system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Investigation of 4,4-dimethyl-Δ 8, 24 (28) -ergostadienol in untreated mycelia indicates that the C-14 methyl group is the first methyl group removed in the biosynthesis of ergosterol by A. fumigatus, which implies that both fungicides inhibit sterol C- 14 demethylation.

TL;DR: The effect of the following metals: copper, cadmium, lead, mercury, methyl mercury, and thallium, and the herbicide 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)1,1-dimethylurea on the light-induced oxygen evolution, the Hill reaction (water → dichlorophenol-indophenol), and a modified Mehler reaction (dich chlorophenolate-indphenol → methyl viologen) was studied with the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii.

TL;DR: The structure-activity results were used as a basis for the synthesis of new, fungicidally-active carboxamides, and the spectrum of fungicidal activity of carboxanilides appears to be altered not only by substitution in the aniline ring, but by the nature of the ring attached to the carbonyl.

TL;DR: The results show that benomyl and carbendazim can interfere with mitosis in cells in green plants as well as in hyphae of fungi.

TL;DR: The slow herbicidal effect appears to be an important mode of action of bentazon applied practically on weeds under flooded rice field conditions and may be caused by inhibition of photosynthesis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the block of neuromuscular transmission by chlordimeform is due primarily to a depression of the end-plate sensitivity to the transmitter.

TL;DR: Piperonyl butoxide and tri ortho cresyl phosphate slightly increased the morphogenetic activity of I in these insects, but these dipterans apparently cannot isomerize the (2 Z ) isomer of I to methoprene.

TL;DR: Microsomal esterases of mouse and rat liver readily cleave the trans - but not the cis -isomers of resmethrin (5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl chrysanthemate) and these findings confirm in vivo studies on the isomeric variations in metabolism of the res methrin components.

TL;DR: Differences between the structural requirements for HEOM-hydrase inhibition and those for inhibition of the epoxide hydrase responsible for the degradation of juvenile hormone are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the mechanism of bentazon selectivity in rice and C. serotinus when treated with bentazon and found that about 80% of the absorbed bentazon was metabolized within 24 hours and after 7 days about 85% was converted to a major water-soluble metabolite.

TL;DR: Sex and species variation in initial rates of parathion desulfuration and arylesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the oxygen analogue, paraoxon is revealed, indicating that only rats showed sex differences in hydrolytic activity.

TL;DR: The only major radioactive metabolite present in the 24-h urine of fluorodifen-treated rats, 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl mercapturic acid, accounted for 41% of the administered dose of 14 C.

TL;DR: The repetitive activity in the cutaneous touch receptors, whether induced by DDT or allethrin, was not distinguishable from repetitive firing of the afferent nerve fibers and showed no marked dependence on temperature, which contrasts sharply with the know negative temperature coefficient of the DDT- or allelethrin-induced repetitive activityIn the lateral-line organ.

TL;DR: The mechanism of bentazon selectivity appears to be a difference between resistant and susceptible species in their ability to metabolize and detoxify bentazon.

TL;DR: Experimental parameters examined failed to unequivocally demonstrate whether any of the amidases induced were identical, and results indicated the possible presence of different amidases.

TL;DR: Major methanol-soluble metabolites of cisanilide were isolated from excised, pulse-treated carrot and cotton leaves and identified as O -glucoside conjugates of primary aryl and alkyl oxidation products and 2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-4-hydroxycarboxanilide.

TL;DR: The study of 14 C-DDT penetration into the insect implies the hemolymph as one of the possible manners by which this insecticide could penetrate the central nervous system, and other target organs.

TL;DR: The critical acetylcholinesterase component, that is responsible for the resistance mechanism of decreased sensitivity to the inhibitor in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus, has been isolated from the organophosphorus-susceptible Yeerongpilly and resistant Biarra and Ridgelands strains and with the substrate acetylthiocholine gave a pH activity profile similar for all strains.

TL;DR: Using gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and disc gel electrophoresis, a method for the isolation of some of the plasma proteins that bind DDT and dieldrin has been demonstrated and these macromolecules were shown to be of a lipoprotein nature.

TL;DR: Data on the inhibition of succinate-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase indicate that the mitochondria of the heterozygous diploid probably contain a mixture of carboxin-sensitive and carbox in-resistant succinic dehydrogenase complexes, and is supported by the results of temperature aging experiments.

TL;DR: It is speculated that the in vivo inhibitory effects of Ph 3 Sn + and Ph 2 Sn 2+ on digestive enzymes may result from binding to the enzyme protein, its zymogen or to other proteins involved in production of the digestive enzymes.

TL;DR: The effects of 14 DDT analogs on the resting and action potentials of the crayfish giant axon were investigated using the intracellular microelectrode technique, with results tending to fall along a spectrum between pure excitatory and pure blocking activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of DDT (1,1,trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) on various ATP utilizing enzymes in the lobster peripheral nerve were studied.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that American and German cockroaches, Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica, ingested large quantities of powder (silica aerogel and boric acid) in the process of preening their appendages.

TL;DR: In this article, three strains of Myzus persicae, A, R, and E, with an LD 50 for topically applied parathion of 9, 93, and 263 ng per aphid, showed an in vitro hydrolytic degradation of paraoxon of 2.3, 4.7, and 8.6 pmol/mg aphid/h, respectively.

TL;DR: Chlordimeform inhibits the acetylcholine- and K + -induced contractions probably owing to depression of not only the sensitivity of endplate but also the excitability of cell membrane.