Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1991"

TL;DR: It is concluded that the behavior of male and female rats differs in these tests, but that firm conclusions concerning sex differences in anxiety levels cannot be made because all three tests did not lead to predictions which were in the same direction.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the production of ultrasonic vocalizations during and after exposure to a predator is greatly facilitated by the presence of familiar conspecifics, and may serve as alarm cries.

TL;DR: The data indicate that light exerts a powerful, immediate effect on physiology and behavior in addition to its powerful influence on circadian organization.

TL;DR: Data suggest that conditioned flavor preferences based on energy density may be contributing to children's preferences for foods high in dietary fat.

TL;DR: Japanese research of taste-active components in seafoods, meat and tomatoes is reviewed and the brothy taste of beef, pork and chicken soups could be reproduced by free amino acids, IMP and sodium chloride, indicating their important roles in producing the taste.

TL;DR: Though the taste threshold of MSG was slightly lower than that of Na, the threshold of IMP was found to be controlled by Na, and it was found that the taste ofIMP was probably caused by glutamic acid in saliva, since IMP itself has no umami taste.

TL;DR: Results from these studies indicate that practising Dhammakaya Buddhist meditation produces biochemical and physiological changes and reduces the reaction time.

TL;DR: The experiments reported here confirm the hypothesis that the rise of Tc induced by handling or disturbance of the rats is regulated, and is due to a shift of the set-point as occurs in fever.

TL;DR: The application method of rolling capsaicin onto the tongue with a swab was found to transiently inhibit burn, which suggests that daily testing with the Capsaicin series delayed recovery from desensitization.

TL;DR: Leave unpreserved saliva samples at room temperature for 2 weeks or mailing them unrefrigerated is satisfactory for male subjects but leads to inflated scores for female subjects, so reliable ways of collecting and handling samples need to be established.

TL;DR: The locomotor hyperactivity induced by isolation was specific to the rearing conditions, and it remains to be determined what neurochemical events are involved in the sustained effects of rearing in isolation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that isolates are not chronically stressed, and that rearing effects are the result of a complex interaction between prior handling, social experience and test conditions.

TL;DR: It was observed that peptides that were effective by ICV were also effective when administered into the PVN, but smaller amounts of the peptides were required after PVN injection to evoke an equivalent food intake response.

TL;DR: This study quantifies the sex differences in depression using two animal models of depression and found that the immobility levels in the Porsolt test were similar in the different stages of the estrous cycle.

TL;DR: The results suggest that sex differences reported in animal models of depression are under the control of gonadal steroids during prenatal brain development; and stress during early phases of development increases the risk for depression in adulthood.

TL;DR: Valine-proline-aspartate- Proline-arginine, the amino terminal pentapeptide of pancreatic procolipase, produced a dose-dependent reduction in food intake when injected intraperitoneally into Osborne-Mendel rats that had been starved overnight.

TL;DR: Different motoneuron pools serve the different portions of the BS muscle; the distal BS does not differentially affect glans erection but may serve primarily to promote rigidity of the portion of the bulb that it surrounds, while the proximal BS acts as the variable aspect of a hypothetical two-stage pump.

TL;DR: Computer simulations of estrus occurring independently among group-living females revealed that this was unlikely to have occurred by chance, and the need for detailed information on behavioral and physiological reproductive tactics before generally applicable models of reproductive strategies can be developed is highlighted.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that HR changes during MA are attributable to vagal withdrawal but that vocalization of answers during the task interferes with analysis of HRV, thus obscuring the mechanisms responsible for these changes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the sexual differentiation of social play begins during prenatal ontogeny in the rat, and sexually dimorphic behaviors displayed before puberty are incompletely masculinized in prenatally stressed males.

TL;DR: Sleep-wakefulness patterns were analyzed during a 15-day period in the rat, in relation to induction of helplessness, and reduced PS latency and increased PS amounts were observed in the helpless group after shuttle-box sessions.

TL;DR: It was found that glutamate is approximately as well represented in terms of mean evoked neural activity and the number of cells with best responses to it as the other four stimuli, glucose, NaCl, HCl and quinine.

TL;DR: A new sweet taste inhibitor (Gymnema sylvestre extract) strongly suppressed neural responses to mixtures of MSG and IMP as well as sucrose, but only weakly or negligibly to individual solutions of these umami substances.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the CEA plays an important and general role in the behavioral, autonomic and hormonal output during a brief unavoidable, unconditioned footshock.

TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that ICV insulin does not decrease food intake through IGF-I receptors, and apparently both insulin and IGF-i in the brain can influence the concentration of insulin in blood.

TL;DR: The results suggest that even with modern heating and lighting seasonal rhythmicity of food intake persists in humans and is a major influence on eating that may act by suppressing satiety mechanisms.

TL;DR: The data suggest that maternal factors are involved in the regulation of the responsiveness of the pup's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.

TL;DR: The results, in agreement with former studies, suggest that the CEA is involved particularly in the organization and/or expression of the passive component of the behavior and the parasympathetic outflow during stress.

TL;DR: The results indicate that, unlike the generalized effects of activity on tau, activity restriction influences on rhythm amplitude do not generalize to all behavioral and/or physiological variables, and supports the notion that activity influences on sleep/wake rhythm amplitude reflect behavioral "masking" rather than a fundamental change in the direct coupling mechanisms of the biological clock.

TL;DR: If a taste solution is painted from the side of the tongue past the tip and on to the second side, the taste sensation begins weak, gets stronger at the tip, and retains much of its intensity.