Showing papers in "Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases in 2014"

TL;DR: The evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that adipose tissue quality/function is as important, if not more so, than its amount in determining the overall health and CV risks of overweight/obesity.

TL;DR: Overall, aerobic ET programs consistent with public health recommendations may promote up to modest weight loss, however the weight loss on an individual level is highly heterogeneous and Clinicians should educate their patients on reasonable expectations of weight loss based on their physical activity program.

TL;DR: Compared to normal weight-fit individuals, unfit individuals had twice the risk of mortality regardless of BMI, and the obesity paradox may not influence fit individuals.

TL;DR: There is a need for an updated definition of obesity based on adiposity, not on body weight, and patients with normal BMI and central obesity have the highest mortality risk as compared to other adiposity patterns.

TL;DR: This review explores various explanations for the obesity paradox, summarizes the current evidence for intentional weight loss treatments for HF in context, and explores the relationship of the Obesity paradox to cardiorespiratory fitness.

TL;DR: The obesity paradox in ESRD is unlikely to be due to residual confounding alone and has biologic plausibility, but well-designed studies exploring the causes and consequences of the reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors, including the obesity paradox, among ESRd patients could provide more information on mechanisms.

TL;DR: Obesity, particularly severe obesity is capable of producing hemodynamic alterations that predisposes to changes in cardiac morphology and ventricular function, which may predispose to left and right heart failure, a disorder known as obesity cardiomyopathy.

TL;DR: By using a medical model, clinicians can provide more proactive and effective treatments in assisting their patients with weight loss by using a three-stepped intensification of care approach to weight management.

TL;DR: The etiology, prevalence, and current trends in the treatment of degenerative AS are examined focusing on indications for surgical aortic valve replacement.

TL;DR: The evidence surrounding the obesity paradox is reviewed in the secondary care of CHD patients and the CHD presentations where a paradox has been found and a number of mechanisms which may offer potential explanations for this puzzling phenomenon are discussed.

TL;DR: Randomized clinical trials that tested one or more therapeutic interventions in a population of frail older adults were reviewed and the main findings are explored along with a discussion of their relative merits and limitations.

TL;DR: Findings from the HCHS/SOL demonstrate that sizeable burdens in CVD risk exist among all major Hispanic/Latino background groups in the US, and comprehensive public health policies are urgently needed to lower the future burden of CVD among the US Hispanic/ Latino population.

TL;DR: The Hispanic paradox could help identify protective factors against coronary heart disease and the role of the Mediterranean diet and wine consumption in the prevention of CHD.

TL;DR: Evidence from five observational cohort studies indicates that cardiorespiratory fitness significantly alters the obesity paradox, and suggests that higher levels of fitness may modify the relationship between body fatness and survival in patients manifesting an obesity paradox.

TL;DR: Some of the many benefits of CR are discussed, some of the risk factors for CHD in the US, and factors that affect referral and participation in these programs are discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the benefits of LVH regression is examined, as well as evidence regarding the risk of CR progressing to LVH, as opposed to normalization of CR.

TL;DR: The effectiveness of CR in the Canadian context is clear, but only 34% of eligible patients participate, and strategies to increase access for under-represented groups are not yet universally applied.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes the current data available regarding CR and ET and its salutary impact on today's growing population of older adults with CHD.

TL;DR: There is now evidence indicating inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle function, even in the absence of interstitial lung disease, is potentially compromised as a result of obesity, which has the potential to contribute to the limitations in CRF.

TL;DR: There is evidence that intentional weight loss prevents the onset of CHD in high risk overweight individuals and weight loss associated improvements in insulin resistance, fitness and related risk factors strongly supports favorable prognostic effects in individuals with established CHD.

TL;DR: While there has been a decrease in prevalence of smoking in the region, obesity, diabetes and physical inactivity continue to increase the CVD disease burden in LAC.

TL;DR: The ClinicalTrials.gov registry was systematically searched in order to review the frailty intervention trials that had been actively initiated or completed but not yet published, and the interventions studied were exercise training, nutritional supplementation, and pharmaceutical agents.

TL;DR: Improving in socioeconomic status, increased life expectancy and high prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis have been the major determinants of this marked epidemiologic change in LA.

TL;DR: The goal of weight management among older adults is discussed, focusing particularly on benefits of preserving lean body mass and muscular strength while stabilizing body fat.

TL;DR: Participation rates present one of several challenges and opportunities for future research in Europe, along with assessment of long-term CR outcomes and better extension to primary prevention.

TL;DR: Recent trends in the incidence of AMI and the current status of the use of CR in Japan are described.

TL;DR: The current state of workplace health promotion in Europe is described, future directions for this potentially important intervention strategy are addressed and no comprehensive surveys examining its exact prevalence and overall impact are currently available.

TL;DR: Echocardiography should be used as the method of choice to evaluate serial changes in heart function, detect late side effects of treatment, and to identify patients at risk of a future decrease in LVEF.

TL;DR: This review will identify key risk factors to address in a worksite health and wellness program and to examine the performance of such programs in improving CV risk factors and their ROI.

TL;DR: The availability of CR in India, its putative role in reducing adverse outcomes over the long-term and a road map for future research to enhance CR in this country are discussed.