Showing papers in "Psychological Studies in 2021"
TL;DR: In South Africa, an increased risk for gender-based domestic violence against women during the lockdown period was reported by various sources including the national genderbased violence call centre (GBVCC), the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the civil society.
Abstract: Globally, increased domestic violence against women during the 2020 Covid-19 lockdowns concerned researchers, policymakers, governments and the civil society. In South Africa, an increased risk for gender-based domestic violence against women during the lockdown period was reported by various sources including the national gender-based violence call centre (GBVCC), the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the civil society. Covid-19 lockdown encouraged spatial distance: a public health measure. This measure inadvertently created social distance and social disconnection. Public life, which is frequently a coping mechanism and an escape for some women and girls at risk of domestic violence, was curtailed by the lockdown rules that forbade movements. Informal sources of help for victims of abuse were limited due to closed economic activities, and community-based helping services for domestic violence were not permitted to open. Some victims of domestic violence struggled with public transportation to access informal help, visit the police, social workers and other sources of help. Some organisations offered online and telephone services. The increased risk of gender-based domestic violence during the lockdown is indicative of poly-violence that women are exposed to. The risk of the domesticated poly-violence during crisis periods could be averted by focussing on risk reduction for all forms of violations against women.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of mental health in university students from different regions of Russia was undertaken during the period from April 9 to April 20, 2020, and the results were compared to studies conducted earlier within a large scale research project examining student mental health.
Abstract: Amid the spread of COVID-19, a study of mental health in university students from different regions of Russia (n = 3057) was undertaken during the period from April 9 to April 20, 2020. The results were compared to studies conducted earlier within a large-scale research project examining student mental health. Mental health indicators were analyzed during three different periods: long before the onset of the pandemic (period 1); in the early days of the spread of COVID-19 in Russia, though prior to the implementation of containment measures (period 2); during tough measures to contain the first wave of the pandemic (period 3). The comparison of indicators showed no differences in the levels of psychological well-being (F = 0.918; p = .4), significantly lower levels of depression, anxiety and stress during the period 1 compared to the periods 2 and 3 (p < .001), and the highest levels of anxiety and stress during the period 2. We also established a higher increase in the levels of depression (F = 6.883; p = .001), anxiety (F = 11.868; p < .001) and stress (F = 10.384; p < .001) in young men compared to the changes in the same indicators in young women during the pandemic. However, both before and during the pandemic, these indicators showed better mental health in young men than in young women. Thus, when studying the impact of the pandemic on students' mental health, it is crucial to take into account the possible dynamics of their mental state within relatively short periods of time and to pay particular attention to gender differences.
12 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether both the ordinary and the aggressive driving violations may be predicted by the number of pumps on the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and whether gender as well as alcohol use may explain for a different risk tendency.
Abstract: In the present study, we investigated whether both the ordinary and the aggressive driving violations may be predicted by the number of pumps on the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and whether gender as well as alcohol use may explain for a different risk tendency. To this purpose, we assessed 123 (61 males) young car drivers with a minimum of 2 years of active driving experience and a valid driving license. None of them has been involved in car crashes or got a ticket for inappropriate driving behaviour. All participants filled in the Manchester Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and performed the BART. We found that men committed more self-declared ordinary violations than women, even if they did not differ from women in BART. We also found that the women who consume more alcohol self-declare more aggressive violations on DBQ than men. In general, we found that men and women who consume more alcohol have a higher index of riskiness on BART. Furthermore, a regression analysis showed that the index of riskiness measured by BART positively predicted both ordinary and aggressive violations, but not errors or lapses as measured by DBQ. The higher was the risk attitude, the higher was the tendency to deliberately make decisions to deviate from rules or safe driving and produce actions based on negative emotions. The study provides future implications for the need of a risk-taking assessment battery useful to address psycho-educational training in new drivers.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed methods study was conceptualized and twenty practicing psychotherapy supervisors completed a questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study, and quantitative and qualitative data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the concurrent triangulation strategy.
Abstract: Supervision serves the critical function of fostering professional growth and competence among psychotherapists all over the world. Despite the pivotal role that supervisors play in promoting therapist development and ensuring client well-being, there has been a major gap in the literature on supervision practice in India. The present study set out to understand the professional development of supervisors, and explore the nature and process of supervision provided, and the relationship between supervisors and supervisees from the perspectives of supervisors in the Indian context. A mixed methods study was conceptualized and twenty practicing psychotherapy supervisors completed a questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study. Quantitative and qualitative data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the concurrent triangulation strategy. Results indicated that supervisors in India practiced in a variety of settings and catered to mostly trainees and novices. A majority were mandated to adopt the role of a supervisor, felt ill-prepared as they had no formal training in supervision, and tended to rely on their own prior supervision experiences to guide them. Supervisors concurrently balanced multiple roles like teacher, mentor, counselor and rated various tasks of supervision as important to the process. Supervisors also experienced ethical dilemmas, value conflicts and crisis situations in their practice. The supervisory relationship was dynamic and changed with the growth and development of the supervisee. The experience of stagnation, disillusionment and decline was shared by some supervisors. Findings reveal the need to create reflective spaces, training and support for psychotherapy supervisors. Implications for supervisor training and professional development in India are discussed.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional online survey conducted in Germany reveals a prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological discomfort, threat perception, generalized anxiety disorder and sleep disturbances associated with the pandemic crisis.
Abstract: The world is currently facing an unprecedented pandemic crisis. The highly contagious coronavirus, or COVID-19, first occurred in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. The outbreak of the virus quickly spread all over the world, reaching Europe in January 2020. The first case in Germany was reported to be diagnosed on January 27. This study focuses on assessing the mental health consequences of the German public during COVID-19 outbreak. Psychological discomfort, generalized anxiety disorder, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms and threat perception are especially investigated with respect to demographics, security importance and negative affectivity. The psychological vulnerabilities that go along with the pandemic are evaluated in detail. The cross-sectional online survey conducted in Germany reveals a prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological discomfort, threat perception, generalized anxiety disorder and sleep disturbances associated with the pandemic crisis. The results also indicate a relationship between mental health issues and negative affectivity as well as the perception of threat. This paper gives an outlook on long-term consequences and what could be the strategies to mitigate the negative mental health outcomes of the crisis.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and the subsequent stay-at-home orders, on the Spanish population's sense of belonging at three moments in time: at the beginning of lockdown, after one month of lockdown and with the return to the “new normality”.
Abstract: In this study we intend to understand the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and the subsequent stay-at-home orders, on the Spanish population's sense of belonging at three moments in time: at the beginning of the lockdown, after one month of lockdown and with the return to the “new normality”. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey (N0 = 3480; N1 = 1041; N2 = 569). The sense of belonging was evaluated by means of four Likert-type items. These questions included membership in different groups: work/studies, friends, family and neighborhood or community. Sociodemographic and COVID-19-related data were collected. Additionally, mental health, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support and discrimination were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The sense of belonging increased significantly during confinement, dropping dramatically with the start of the return to the “new normality” process. The only variable that showed interaction with time and sense of belonging was discrimination. Work condition (not working providing the lowest sense of belonging scores), social support from friends and loneliness were the main predictors of the sense of belonging. The impact caused by the pandemic and the actions adopted during the first weeks regarding the sense of belonging is evident. It has been a key variable in dealing with COVID-19. Actions are now needed to increase our sense of belonging to face the post-epidemic crisis and avoid a greater impact in other areas.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative analysis was conducted with 22 middle-level Indian employees employed in private sector organisations to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the psychology of employees working in private organisations.
Abstract: COVID-19 had a devastating and profound impact worldwide. The business world has been turbulent, and countries' economic landscape has shown dismal performance. There have been massive downsizing of employees and deductions of pay in most organisations as the pandemic outbreak negatively impacted the business environment. The study aimed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the psychology of employees working in private organisations. A qualitative analysis was conducted with 22 middle-level Indian employees employed in private sector organisations. Content analysis was performed from the transcripts and themes; coding categories were developed. Participation in the study was voluntary and was carried out through informed consent. The results demonstrated that the participants experienced psychological stress, social disconnectedness, and a sense of loneliness over the lockdown period. Furthermore, the semi-structured interviews also revealed the perceptions of the job, career prospects, and the fear of the imminent looming future ahead. The pandemic has raised serious questions on the employee's mental health and engagement issues. Managerial implications have been discussed with suggestions to alleviate the current professional and psychological challenges.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) to assess the two dimensions of envy, i.e. benign envy (motivate the envier to strive towards greater heights) and malicious envy (envier aims to harm the envied), among undergraduates in a state university in Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Envy, a universal emotion, occurs when an individual sees in another, attributes perceived to be lacking in oneself. It is a distressing emotion which could be socially destructive. Empirical data on this construct is scarce, particularly from Asian countries. This study aimed to fill this gap by (i) culturally adapting, to Sinhala, the internationally used, Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS), (ii) using it to assess the two dimensions of envy, i.e. benign envy (motivate the envier to strive towards greater heights) and malicious envy (envier aims to harm the envied), among undergraduates in a state university in the country, and (iii) assessing selected correlates associated with envy. As part of a larger study, BeMaS was administered on a sample of 1331 undergraduates of three faculties of a state university in Sri Lanka. Results indicated that Sri Lankan undergraduates are higher in benign envy than malicious envy and that rates of envy among them are lower or similar to those in other countries. The results also indicated that men report higher levels of envy than women and testing for invariance revealed that the nature of envy is somewhat different for men and women. The potential reasons for these findings are discussed in the light of Asian and Sri Lankan socio-cultural context. Recommendations to higher education institutions are made in the light of these findings, to reduce envy and increase psychological well-being.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the concepts of social distance, social distancing, self-quarantine, self isolation, symptomatic, asymptomatic and parasymptomatic cases as they relate to COVID-19 and African perception of pandemic diseases.
Abstract: In public health, social distancing is a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions or measures intended to prevent the spread of a contagious disease, by maintaining a physical distance between people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization suggested the term, ‘physical distancing,’ as opposed to ‘social distancing’, arguing that it is a physical distance which prevents transmission; people can remain socially connected via technology. This paper discusses the concepts of social distance, social distancing, physical distancing, self-quarantine, self-isolation, symptomatic, asymptomatic and parasymptomatic cases as they relate to COVID-19 and African perception of pandemic diseases. Although the idea of social distancing is not novel to the Africans, but a challenge in its implementation is that historically, social distancing is rather applied to non-infectious cases like mental illness, epilepsy, infertility, aging, victims of sexual violence and the like. The paper utilizes health-related theories and pertinent empirical findings to explain African perspective of social distancing and the challenges of adoption in pandemic situations. The theories on health risk perception reviewed include the protection motivation theory, the health belief model, the extended parallel process model and the precaution adoption process model. From consumer psychology background on product adoption, a conceptual model for ‘social distancing’ adoption in pandemics was advanced. These ancient and novel health-related theories and models were applied to explain the erroneous understanding, perception and adoption challenges of social distancing in Africa, leading to possible increase in the spread of the coronavirus.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the predictive nature of emotion regulation and the ability to regulate emotions on experiential avoidance in a non-clinical sample and established the role of worry in these relationships.
Abstract: Emotional regulation and intolerance of uncertainty have been independently implicated in the overuse of experiential avoidance in stress-related situations. However, little research has examined how this relationship manifests altogether in a non-clinical sample. The current study aimed to determine the predictive nature of intolerance of uncertainty and the ability to regulate emotions on experiential avoidance. A secondary aim was to establish the role of worry in these relationships. Participants (N = 360) completed questionnaires that measured intolerance of uncertainty, emotion dysregulation, worry and experiential avoidance. In stage one of the analysis, a bivariate linear regression was conducted to see if both intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulations would significant predict avoidance. These were then entered into a multiple linear regression model with forced entry method to explain the variance in experiential avoidance. Subsequently, a mediation analysis was conducted using worry, between intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance and between emotion regulation and experiential avoidance. As expected, individuals’ tendency to intolerance of uncertainty and poor emotion regulation individually predicted experiential avoidance. Furthermore, worry mediated these relationships. These findings have implications for self-awareness responses in healthy individuals who show avoidant behaviours. Inflexible use of emotion regulation and low tolerance of uncertainty make a significant contribution to experiential avoidance. Therefore, therapeutic interventions specifically targeting both intolerance of uncertainty and appropriate use of emotion regulation may help enhance individuals’ self-awareness in relation to avoidant responses to prevent the potential creation of the cycle that maintains anxiety disorders.
TL;DR: In this article, a self-structured questionnaire including 10 questions formed through Google forms and validated using online Delphi method was forwarded to the students from different colleges and universities of Haryana and Punjab regions of North India.
Abstract: Fear of spread of the COVID-19, disciplinary lockdown, and delay in getting back to the normal routine of education centers is affecting the academic performance of the students, as they are facing difficulties to cope up with the new mode of learning. The purpose of this study was to look out for the challenges faced in learning during the lockdown and if they were raising the mental stress in students. A self-structured questionnaire including 10 questions formed through Google forms and validated using online Delphi method was forwarded to the students from different colleges and universities of Haryana and Punjab regions of North India. Out of a total of 844 student participants, 631 (74.8%) students were facing difficulty in studies. Whereas 744 (88.2%) students felt that they may encounter the loss of studies during the lockdown. The study found that most of the students are facing difficulties in the study during the lockdown which is increasing the mental stress.
TL;DR: In this paper, a grounded theory study purports to investigate and understand the dynamic process of deliberate self-harm among 20 Filipino adolescents performing non-suicidal self-injury.
Abstract: A growing number of adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been reported worldwide. Despite numerous investigations about NSSI, this self-harming behavioral process mostly found among adolescents has not been examined much in non-western countries like the Philippines. This grounded theory study purports to investigate and understand the dynamic process of deliberate self-harm among 20 Filipino adolescents performing non-suicidal self-injury. Field texts were analyzed using repertory grid and with-in and cross-case analysis. Thick description of data and saturation, prolonged engagement, member checking technique, triangulation, theoretical sampling, bracketing, peer debriefers, self-reflective journals, and audit trails were likewise employed to ensure trustworthiness of findings. Results of the individual interviews conducted were able to explain the phenomenon and a four-phased process surfaced to characterize non-suicidal self-injury. The R.I.S.E. of the Phoenix illustrates how Filipino adolescents experience engaging with non-suicidal self-injury in four phases: (1) ruining, (2) impassing, (3) separating, and (4) emerging. Considering this process may equip psychological health personnel with the knowledge on relevant interventions in providing comprehensive support to Filipino adolescent self-harmers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the link between the model of five personality traits and the problematic use of social networks and found a positive correlation between the neuroticism and addictive behavior to social networks, a notable yet negative correlation between responsibility and kindness and no link found between extroversion and openness to experience.
Abstract: Current society is characterized by the increasing impact of online communication tools. In recent years, researchers have dedicated their efforts to the study of addictive behavior to internet and social networks as it is essential to know both the benefits and possible issues that the internet could hold for the youth and new generations. Moreover, it is fundamental to inquire about the personality traits that have influence over addictive behavior. As such the objective of this study was to measure the link between the model of five personality traits and the problematic use of social networks. In this regard, different surveys were applied online to a sample of 251 university students between the age of 18 and 24 years old. The surveys used are as follows: a questionnaire that collects socio-demographic data, the big five inventory (BFI) and the social networking addiction questionnaire (SNA). The results are: (1) a positive correlation between the neuroticism and addictive behavior to social networks, (2) a notable yet negative correlation between responsibility and kindness and (3) there was no link found between extroversion and openness to experience. In conclusion, the obtained results contribute empirical evidence of the relation between the personality and the addictive behavior to the social networks.
TL;DR: The authors analyzed whether guilt and shame-proneness, resilience and self-acceptance can explain the unique variance in predicting locus of control of behavior in a study with 798 participants from Slovakia.
Abstract: This paper analyzes whether guilt and shame-proneness, resilience and self-acceptance can explain the unique variance in predicting locus of control of behavior. The research was conducted on 798 participants from Slovakia. Regression analysis revealed that guilt-repair, negative self-evaluation and shame-withdraw tendencies explained 16% of locus of control of behavior variance. Adding resilience to the predictor increased the variance by 10% and self-acceptance by 7% in the last step. Altogether, shame-withdraw tendencies, resilience and self-acceptance as significant predictors explained 33% of the variance. The correlational matrix yielded many significant relationships between variables, which are talked about in discussion together with possible prevention and intervention strategies.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper developed and introduced guidelines for psychological assistance provided via hotlines or the Internet, and provided specific trainings based on the competency model constructed by knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
Abstract: The competencies of clinical or counseling psychologists influenced the effectiveness and qualities of the psychological assistance provided after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following practices were performed by the Clinical Psychology Registration Work Committee of the Chinese Psychological Society in promoting the competencies of the professionals: (1) Developed and introduced guidelines for psychological assistance provided via hotlines or the Internet. (2) Provided specific trainings based on the competency model constructed by knowledge, skills, and attitudes. These training programs included the psychological first aid under the major public health emergencies, crisis intervention, special methods and approaches for hotline and online services, related ethical guidelines, etc. (3) Emphasized on the supervision for the professionals worked front line. The professionals practiced effectively in dealing with suicide crisis, helping people who lost their loved one, and the adjustment to life during the quarantine. The practical experience showed that the working mechanism of issuing practical guidelines, providing specific training and supervision can effectively improve the competencies of the professionals and play an important role in the psychological assistance defeating the pandemic in China.
TL;DR: The largest difference between the two countries was for trauma-related problems, which may be related to the Cambodian history of genocide, demonstrating the need for contextually developed and focused public health intervention for mothers of children to improve their mental health literacy.
Abstract: Parents’ perceptions of their children’s mental health—including recognition of specific mental health problems as such, and their beliefs about the causes and treatments for the problems—have an important impact on child mental health. This study investigated child mental health literacy among Cambodian and Vietnamese mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 mothers in Hanoi, Vietnam, and Pnom Penh and Kampong Speu, Cambodia. The Child Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to assess mothers’ mental health literacy, in particular, their ability to correctly identify different mental health disorders, and their understanding of causes of the mental health problems, and about the utility of different treatments. The overall level of mental health literacy among mothers in these two countries was low, with the proportions of mothers able to correctly identify different mental health problems ranging from 0.17 (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) to 0.35 (Trauma-related). Biological causes and adverse experiences were the most frequently selected causes of generic mental health problems. Medication, parent training and family counseling were the three most positively rated forms of treatment for mental health problems in general. Although Vietnam and Cambodia are geographic neighbors, varying results across these countries appear to reflect their different historical backgrounds. For instance, the largest difference between the two countries was for trauma-related problems, which may be related to the Cambodian history of genocide. Findings such as this demonstrate the need for contextually developed and focused public health intervention for mothers of children to improve their mental health literacy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study aimed to investigate common mental disorders (CMD) symptoms in Brazilian parents during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors, finding that parents' symptoms of CMD were negatively associated with perceived parental competence and family income.
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant international public health problem. In addition to dealing with the pandemic’s impact on mental health, parents need to cope with specific changes in their routines caused by social distance measures. This study aimed to investigate common mental disorders (CMD) symptoms in Brazilian parents during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors. A total of 232 Brazilian parents ranging from 20 to 48 years old (M = 33.85; SD = 4.83) with children aged 1–36 months (M = 17.00; SD = 9,87) participated in an online survey. Parents answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Chi-square tests, correlations, and multiple linear regression were performed. Results showed that parents’ symptoms of CMD were negatively associated to perceived parental competence (β =− 0.130; p = 0.011) and family income (β =− 0.190; p = 0.024). Furthermore, perceived stress was the most related variable to parents’ symptoms of CMD (β = 0.618; p < 0.001), showing a positive association. The model explained 49.5% of the variation. Results suggest that lower family income may increase symptoms of CMD in Brazilian parents, which is a concern in a country of high social inequality. Parental sense of competence may be a relevant protective factor. Interventions targeting parental competence and stress reduction should be considered to address the mental health impacts of the pandemic.
TL;DR: This paper explored the dimensionality of social persuasion as a source of self-efficacy and found that only social persuasion from parents and teachers had significant unique contributions in predicting academic selfefficacy.
Abstract: This study intended to explore the possible dimensionality of social persuasion as a source of self-efficacy. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), as well as the existing literature, suggests that such dimensionality may be in reference to the source of the persuasive communication (e.g., parents, teachers, and peers). A total of 359 college students served as respondents in the two phases of this study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: social persuasion from parents, social persuasion from teachers, and social persuasion from peers. In terms of predicting academic self-efficacy, only social persuasion from parents and teachers had significant unique contributions. The current findings serve as an important contribution in further understanding the sources of self-efficacy, and improving measures, particularly that of social persuasion.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the mediational role of illness perceptions in the relationship between personality traits and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in IBS patients.
Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that can cause decrements in the quality of life. This study examined the mediational role of illness perceptions in the relationship between personality traits and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in IBS patients. One hundred seventy-eight patients completed a set of measurements including the HRQOL, illness perceptions, and personality traits. The results of the study showed that only neuroticism as a personality trait was directly related to the HRQOL and negative illness perceptions statistically mediated the relationship between neuroticism and HRQOL. More clearly, the higher score in neuroticism was associated with the perceptions including more negative effects on the lives of the patients, more emotional reactions, more incoherent understanding of IBS, and more psychological attributions to IBS. These perceptions were, in turn, linked to poor HRQOL. In light of the findings of the present study, it was suggested that identifying and screening illness perceptions are important for health outcomes. Intervention approaches should be designed to modify negative illness perceptions based on personality traits to improve the HRQOL of IBS patients.
TL;DR: Horwitz as discussed by the authors describes the history of posttraumatic stress disorder in the context of neuroscience and re-biologization of traumas of women, focusing on the role of the feministic psychiatry in legitimizing the trauma of women.
Abstract: Allan V. Horwitz tells the story of posttraumatic stress disorder in the book PTSD: A Short History. With the genesis of this psychiatric disorder in the Vietnam War and its introduction in the third edition of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980, other developments are prominent pertinent to this disorder, first, the role of the feministic psychiatry in legitimizing the traumas of women, and second, the progress of neuroscience and the re-biologization of trauma.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms of mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy with their second children, and found that co-parenting and marital satisfaction were related to internalizing outcomes.
Abstract: Internalizing problems during and after pregnancy are important for parenting and child outcomes. The study aimed to understand correlates (i.e., marital satisfaction, co-parenting) of maternal internalizing problems during pregnancy with a second child. We investigated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms of mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy with their second children. Fifty-one mothers and their firstborn children were visited in their homes and mothers completed questionnaires. Results showed that co-parenting and marital satisfaction were related to internalizing outcomes. More specifically, co-parenting predicted depression and stress when controlling for marital satisfaction, whereas marital satisfaction predicted anxiety over co-parenting. The findings highlight the importance of studying prenatal internalizing problems differentially and can inform future intervention studies to prevent poor psychological outcomes.
TL;DR: In this article, focus group discussions were conducted among university students and PhD scholars to understand how the youth characterizes major life decisions (MLD), the process through which they take decisions, and the factors that might trigger the evaluation of their decisions.
Abstract: The present study aims to understand how the youth characterizes major life decisions (MLD), the process through which they take decisions, and the factors that might trigger the evaluation of their decisions. Six focus group discussions were conducted among university students and PhD scholars. The discussions with the participants revealed the role of realistic social environments by examining their views and lived experiences. The thematic analysis of the responses demonstrates that the MLD involves a step-wise decision-making process in which there is no single, optimal, or correct answer. The major life decision-making process of youths operates within the limits of bounded rationality. Information overload, limited time, physical tiredness represented limits on the decision-making process. Factors such as the emotional state, family background, social comparison, and past experiences emerged as important influences in the decision process. The changes in the life course, social comparison, dissatisfactions with the decisional outcomes, and the disposition of decision-maker were the prominent factors that led youths to evaluate or re-examine their decision process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on studying the positive mental health of the Indian population and proposed a model of Positive Mental Health based on the dimensions of the positive Mental Health Instrument.
Abstract: As the world comes to terms with the changes brought on by the appearance and spread of Covid-19, there is an increase in fear and anxiety levels. The World Health Organization has stressed on the need to focus on mental health, as the epidemic affects both young and old. One of the biggest challenges is that the situation has no precedent. This has led to the creation of uncertainty and doubt. The current study focusses on studying the positive mental health of the Indian population. For the study, the researchers have restricted the scope to include only Generation Y and Generation Z, as they form a majority of the working population and literature suggests that negative moods, stressors and apprehensions are far more prevalent among the younger sections of the society. The findings suggest that positive mental health is not dependent on gender or age. However, some of the dimensions do show significant variance. The researchers have also proposed a model of Positive Mental Health based on the dimensions of the Positive Mental Health Instrument.
TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of health and performance at work in terms of regulations are studied and it is shown that reflection about oneself or one's group can be a resource for the individual and for the organization.
Abstract: In this study, we are interested in the determinants of health and performance at work in terms of regulations. Precisely, we hypothesize that reflection about oneself or one’s group can be a resource for the individual and for the organization.
Five hundred and fifty-three participants completed a questionnaire measuring self-consciousness, team reflexivity, well-being, and distress at work as well as perceptions of personal and organizational performance. The results highlight a more systematic and significant effect of team reflexivity (i.e., collective regulation) on health and performance in comparison with self-consciousness (i.e., self-regulation). In addition, there is an indirect effect of team reflexivity on the perceptions of personal performance and organizational performance via work psychological well-being. These results are discussed from individual and organizational points of view.
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed method approach was designed to investigate the impact of quality of work life on life satisfaction for seafarers, where data were collected from 521 seafarers who were sailing and also those who were vacationing.
Abstract: A mixed method approach was designed to investigate the impact of quality of work life on life satisfaction for seafarers. For the quantitative phase, data were collected from 521 seafarers who were sailing and also those who were vacationing. The study continued in the second phase by following up with seven selected participants to investigate the results from the quantitative phase. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis, correlation, regression and ANOVA. The quality of work life of seafarers was found to be closely connected to life satisfaction in varied ways through recognition from the organizations, work life balance and recreational facilities. Ranks of the participants were influencers for satisfaction, whereas marital status results were indifferent for satisfaction. The findings of the study have implications for policy decisions, training and practice for shipping companies.