Showing papers in "Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal Recia in 2013"
TL;DR: The importance of English as an international language for scientific research is described in this paper, where the authors highlight the importance of a universal language like English for scientific, cultural, economic and humanistic development.
Abstract: Nowadays, the publication of scientific research results is the highest challenge for researchers independently of the kind of science his or her work belongs: hard or soft one. Be able to be in touch with the academic world and its followers is a fundamental requirement to stand out in a planet that science and technology have become in a small village. In this article, the importance of English as an international language for the scientific research is described. Undoubtedly, English is the language that foster great opportunities not only for our professional lives but also as transmitter agents of a worldwide culture focused in a common goal. We cannot ignore the impact of research as a factor able to improve our societies and it is precisely here when a universal language like English strengths the possibilities of a scientific, cultural, economic and humanistic development.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported that the species with the greatest impact were Didelphis marsupialis (Common Opossum), Rhinella marina (Common Toad), Coragyps atratus (Black Vulture) and Pitangus sulphuratus (Great Kiskadee).
Abstract: Are recorded wildlife knocked down on highways that communicates Sincelejo with Ovejas and Sincelejo with San Onofre, and bordering the Montes de Maria. 621 specimens were collected during the wet and dry seasons, between 2011-2012. The specimens collected identification was performed as far as possible (family, genus, species). Annual seasonality had significative influence, the dry season months had higher prevalence of wildlife road kills, reporting 501 specimens. The species with the greatest impact were Didelphis marsupialis (Common Opossum), Rhinella marina (Common Toad), Coragyps atratus (Black Vulture) and Pitangus sulphuratus (Great Kiskadee).
12 citations
TL;DR: The endophytic bacteria living within the tissues of the plants at least during part of their life cycle without causing any damage to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship where both benefit.
Abstract: The endophytic bacteria living within the tissues of the plants at least during part of their life cycle without causing any damage to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship where both benefit. The endophytic bacteria play a wide variety of roles as promoters of plant growth, biological control on a variety of pathogens, improve process efficiency of phytoremediation of toxic compound in the rhizosphere. These microorganisms are inexhaustible sources of over 20.000 biologically active compounds, which have a direct bearing on the performance and survival of host plants. The endophytic bacteria are reported to produce a number of metabolites such as antibiotics, secondary metabolites including some antitumor compounds and anti-inflammatory agents.
7 citations
TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that inbreeding increase is associated with the average reduction of one or more economic interest characteristics in animal production.
Abstract: We made a literalature review about advantages and disadvantages of using inbreeding (crossing of related individuals) directly or indirectly in animal production. The inbreeding acts in wild and domesticated animal populations reducing genetic variability, decreasing heterozygosity, and increasing the chance to inherit alleles associated with genetic defects, resulting in a reduction of the animal adaptation capacity to the environment and increasing the risk of extinction. Also has been demonstrated that inbreeding increase is associated with the average reduction of one or more economic interest characteristics in animal production. For this reason in conservation and breeding programs is very important have control over inbreeding to maintain the genetic variability within animal populations over time.
6 citations
TL;DR: Four species of the complex Rhinella margaritifera are analyzed aspects related to their eating habits and morphometry and a synthesis of previous studies on eating habits of the family Bufonidae is compared.
Abstract: The present study was conducted with four species of the complex Rhinella margaritifera: Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884), Rhinella castaneotica (Caldwell, 1991), Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768) y Rhinella sp., to which they are analyzed aspects related to their eating habits and morphometry. The material that formed the basis for this work was collected in the locality the Quebradon Ayo, of La Pedrera, Amazonas department, Colombia. Anuran were examined 77 to which were principal components analysis to establish groupings by species and feeding habits; In addition there was a synthesis of previous studies on eating habits of the family Bufonidae, comparing them with the results obtained.
5 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this paper was to review on the application of genomics in animal production for different characteristics associated with both milk and meat production and the current availability of tools of molecular genetics and genomics to predict more precision breeding values of animals from birth, decreasing the generation interval and increasing the intensity of selection.
Abstract: Genetic improvement evaluates and uses genetic variation to maintain and improve quality and quantity of animal production. The identification of high genetic merit animals is complicated by the fact that most traits of economic importance, being quantitative in nature, has controlled continuous variations which several genes interact with the environment. The aim of this paper was to review on the application of genomics in animal production for different characteristics associated with both milk and meat production and the current availability of tools of molecular genetics and genomics to predict more precision breeding values of animals from birth, decreasing the generation interval and increasing the intensity of selection.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make an analysis of the most important scientific literature available for agri-silvopastoral systems in tropical zones of Latin America, focusing on the environmental valuation of live fences, which as important element in this type of agricultural landscape has on the conservation of native avifauna.
Abstract: The present work makes an analysis of the most important scientific literature available for agri-silvopastoral systems in tropical zones of Latin America, focusing on the environmental valuation of live fences, which as important element in this type of agricultural landscape has on the conservation of native avifauna. Equally it refers to the productive value of the live fences and its paper as system that allows the flow of wildlife and connects forests remnants and patches, as well as arboreal elements isolated in a highly fragmented matrix.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the population density of red brocket deer in the Sierra Norte-Northeast (SNNE) and Sierra Negra (SN) of the state of Puebla, Mexico.
Abstract: It was estimated the population density (PD) of red brocket deer ( Mazama temama ) in the Sierra Norte-Northeast (SNNE) and Sierra Negra (SN) of the state of Puebla, Mexico. The methodology used was an indirect, by counting tracks in transects one kilometer long, six transects in three locations in SNNE and five in Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 5(1):24-35,2013 ORIGINAL 25 two locations in the SN. Results varied between 8.3 and 3.7 deer/Km2, corresponding to 12,1 and 27 ha/deer respectively. The statistical Chi Square test indicated than between two sierras no statistically significant differences in PD. Comparing the reed brocket deer PD in the state of Puebla, with the results obtained in different areas of Mexico, ranging from 0.1 to 6.6 deer/Km2, it was inferred that the PD brocket deer in Puebla is similar to other areas of the country. However, the minimum viable population MVP, 500 individuals considered not fulfilled, so it is recommended to manage the cervid in microrregional level or group of farms, to increase the area of management. Meanwhile, it is advisable to continue studies in other locations PD in both sierras, to determine their possible future rational and sustained use by spot hunting. It was conclude that being currently subjected to illegal hunting so that, its population is vulnerable.
5 citations
TL;DR: There is a population density of endophytic bacteria associated with rice plants, the abundance is related to the tissue and the variety studied, and the results show that there is an abundance of these bacterial communities that might be carrying in this plant species.
Abstract: Endophytic bacteria living within the plant without causing damage to them. Their presence has been linked to increased crop productivity because it produces growth hormones, pathogens or antagonists can fix nitrogen. This study examined the composition of communities of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with different tissues of four commercial varieties of rice in the department of Cordoba. For isolation technique used tissue surface disinfection, the isolation was performed on R2A agar medium. The population density (CFU / g of tissue) was performed by counting of colonies on plate. The statistical significance between population density relative to tissues and variety was made using multivariate analysis and multiple range test (Tukey). The results show that there is a population density of endophytic bacteria associated with rice plants, the abundance is related to the tissue and the variety studied. This preliminary study initiates the knowledge of these bacterial communities and functionality that might be carrying in this plant species.
5 citations
TL;DR: During low water, the fish community in the lake Tupe relies heavily on allochtonous input of food, and due to the high degree of competition, many fish species perform strong shifts in their feeding habits.
Abstract: Taxonomic composition and diet composition of a fish assemblage in the lake Tupe during low water season were studied. Lake Tupe is a Central Amazonian blackwater lake in the Rio Negro basin. At high water season, fishes have access to the flooded forest and can freely migrate between the lake and the river Negro, while at low water season these options are not available. Fishes were captured at three dates during low water. Specimens were identified, and for each specimen degree of stomach repletion, content of adipose tissue and stomach content were examined. With the results, fish species were assigned a trophical class. Some species could not be assigned any of these classes and were considered unspecific herbivores, unspecific carnivores or omnivores. The two most abundant species were Acestrorhynchus falcirostris and Hemiodus immaculatus. The most important food item was plant material, and the most abundant trophic class was specialized herbivore. Plant material is generally considered to play a minor role in the diet of Amazonian fishes. This supports the conclusions that during low water, the fish community in the lake Tupe relies heavily on allochtonous input of food. Therefore, and due to the high degree of competition, many fish species perform strong shifts in their feeding habits.
5 citations
TL;DR: A literature review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric ulceration in horses is proposed, highlighting important and fundamental aspects that must be taken into account during the diagnostic approach to clinical cases and the choice of the alternative appropriate therapy.
Abstract: This paper proposes and discusses a literature review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric ulceration in horses, highlighting important and fundamental aspects that must be taken into account during the diagnostic approach to clinical cases and the choice of the alternative appropriate therapy. Due to the high incidence of this disease, this often passes unnoticed, most likely attributed to the variability of the signs and symptoms present in this disease or lack of knowledge and awareness on the part of veterinarians about the importance of proper management of gastric ulcers and their impact on health and performance of horses. The diagnosis of the disease must be based on accurate anamnesis, clinical signs and response to treatment. However, the most important pattern is the gastroscopy, this being the most objective and accurate diagnosis, as it allows direct examination and correct assessment of the lesions. Therapeutic strategies of gastric ulceration syndrome of horses, is based mainly on reducing of gastric acidity, maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, protect gastric ulcer or coated with an agent resistant to hydrochloric acid and finally intrinsic stimulating mucosal protection
TL;DR: The results indicate that 10% w/v fructose highest value obtained for the synthesis of BC in grams per liter of moist cellulose culture medium and the maximum thickness was obtained with a volume decrease of remnant; furthermore, fructose consumption observed until 90% of the initial concentration.
Abstract: In the synthesis of bacterial cellulose have used various carbon sources, various configurations and strategies of bioreactor cultivation. In this study we compared the production of bacterial cellulose evaluating the effect of different concentrations of fructose in the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinus IFO static culture. The study was carried out in bioreactors of 750ml cylinder, 200 ml of medium containing initial concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 % p/v of fructose at pH 5.6. The inoculum volume was 10% v / v of culture medium volume. Cellulose synthesis was performed at room temperature and at different incubation times ranging from 1.5 to 28 days, which time is determined on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose, as well as fructose consumption versus time for different initial concentrations of fructose. The results indicate that 10% w/v fructose highest value obtained for the synthesis of BC in grams per liter of moist cellulose culture medium and the maximum thickness was obtained with a volume decrease of remnant; furthermore, fructose consumption observed until 90% of the initial concentration. The compressibility was less than a greater thickness of the cellulose film. The medium pH was kept in a region for optimal synthesis of BC.
TL;DR: Between September 2011 and April 2012, with local people participation, information about chelonians’ nesting sites and the species hunted by local people for subsistence, in three distinct sectors of Sustainable Development Reserve Piagacu-Purus (RDS-PP) was recorded.
Abstract: Between September 2011 and April 2012, we recorded with local people participation, information about chelonians’ nesting sites and the species hunted by local people for subsistence, in three distinct sectors of Sustainable Development Reserve Piagacu-Purus (RDS-PP). We documented 120 hunted chelonians (26 Podocnemis expansa and 94 P. unifilis) in 20 water bodies at use areas these riverine communities.
TL;DR: Evaluated the concentration of mercury in domestic animals in Mina Santa Cruz, southern Bolivar, found the highest concentrations of HgT were observed in Sus scrofa, followed by Gallus gallus and Cairina moschata with the lower concentrations.
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is considered a global pollutant due to its high toxicity and physicochemical characteristics that allow it to transport themselves to different environmental compartments, bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain. There are numerous sites contaminated by mercury Antioquia between northern and southern Bolivar due to gold mining, miners live in them and their families, who consume substantial quantities of domestic animals such as chickens, pigs and ducks, so this research was to evaluate the concentration of mercury in domestic animals in Mina Santa Cruz, southern Bolivar. There were 146 biological samples from the study site, in 39 hair samples Sus scrofa (pig) and 107 feather samples, 91 in Gallus gallus (chicken) and 16 Cairina moschata (duck) also took a comparison group in a rural area of the municipality of Sincelejo of 10 individuals of the same species, they were not exposed to metal mining, and the concentration of total mercury (HgT) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry by cold vapor. The highest concentrations of HgT were observed in Sus scrofa, (8156.9 ± 882.2 ng / g dry weight), followed by Gallus gallus (3391.9 ± 639.5 ng / g dry weight) and Cairina moschata (1426 5 ± 263.9 ng / g dry weight) with the lower concentrations. Consumption of ducks, chickens and pigs established in Mina Santa Cruz, present a significant risk to public health due to the high concentrations accumulated in their bodies.
TL;DR: Of the 16 described species from Cuba, 14 were detected, with 322 specimens captured in the 15 provinces and the Isla de La Juventud, whereas Cienfuegos and Granma are the ones with lesser numbers.
Abstract: Snakes of the genus Tropidophis were examined at the herpetological collection of the Ecology and Systematics Institute, La Habana, Cuba. Several mistakes in the numbers of labels and cards were found that were repaired. Starting from the reparation were prepared 73 new cards and 125 new labels; 90 specimens were catalogued and 118 were included in the Excel sheet for the first time. Digital text catalogue were prepared. Of the 16 described species from Cuba, 14 were detected, with 322 specimens captured in the 15 provinces and the Isla de La Juventud. Provinces with greatest numbers of specimens are La Habana, Pinar del Rio and Artemisa, whereas Cienfuegos and Granma are the ones with lesser numbers (2). Collectors that have contributed to capture more specimens are Luis V. Moreno (66), Julio Novo (46), Miguel L. Jaume (32) y Orlando H. Garrido (21). The period of more specimens collected was from 1970 to 1989 (119) and the lesser captures were from 2000 and the present (21).
TL;DR: The Orinoco Crocodile the Department of Arauca defines its current state and key elements are formulated for the establishment of areas and in situ conservation programs of Crocodylus intermedius in Eastern Plains of Colombia.
Abstract: Based on field methodology for detection of individuals developed according to the characteristics of the species groups in the Department of Arauca, in their temporal distribution and concentration were made tours and visits to such sites in different years to to determine the pressures and threats that had and has this crocodile rivers and “canos” in major department and consequently raise situ conservation options through selection of areas to be protected using the Crocodylus intermedius as umbrella species. This paper, based on the combination of published data (BARAHONA and BONILLA, 1999) and unpublished (mainly CLAVIJO, 1992, 1997; ANZOLA et al ., 2012) related to monitoring the metapopulation Orinoco Crocodile the Department of Arauca, defines its current state and combining this information with the findings and recommendations of the work done through PROCAIMAN in 2008, key elements are formulated for the establishment of areas and in situ conservation programs of Crocodylus intermedius in Eastern Plains of Colombia.
TL;DR: The escorpiones as discussed by the authors are artropodos ampliamente distribuidos in todos los continentes y regiones faunisticas del planeta, excepto la Antartida, aunque la mayoria de las especies se encuentran in las regiones tropicales and subtropicales.
Abstract: Los escorpiones son artropodos ampliamente distribuidos en todos los continentes y regiones faunisticas del planeta, excepto la Antartida, aunque la mayoria de las especies se encuentran en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales (POLIS, 1990). Son depredadores de habitos nocturnos que emplean las pinzas (quelas) de sus pedipalpos y las toxinas de sus venenos para inmovilizar a sus presas, las cuales son principalmente insectos y otros artropodos, aunque tambien pueden cazar pequenos vertebrados como ranas y lagartijas (POLIS, 1990; FLOREZ, 2001).
TL;DR: New records for the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Cordoba department, Colombia are presented and new aspects of the behavior of the species are revealed.
Abstract: We present new records for the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Cordoba department, Colombia with some notes on the conflict with domestic animals. Based on reviewing databases collections of mammals, was found that since 1953 no new records of the species for the Colombian Caribbean coast. This note extend distribution records and reveals new aspects of the behavior of the species.
TL;DR: In this article, the habitat range of H. isthmius in cattle farms in the municipality of Valencia, department of Cordoba, Colombia, was carried out follow-up work to two groups of individuals of population of capybaras.
Abstract: The capybara is indigenous to the Americas, in Colombia there are two species: Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, with distribution in the eastern plains of Colombia and Colombian Amazon (distributed also in Argentina, Paraguay, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Guyanas and eastern plains of Colombia); and Hydrochoerus isthmius, who lives in northern Colombia, Panama and Venezuela, isolated by the Andes of Merida and Serrania of Perija. This study sought to know the habitat range of H. isthmius in livestock landscapes of Cordoba, northwestern Colombia. During the period between march and may 2007, in cattle farms in the municipality of Valencia, department of Cordoba, Colombia, was carried out follow-up work to two groups of individuals of population of capybaras. We used radio-tracking technique using four animals previously radio-labeled. We found that home range of H. isthmius landscapes of extensive grazing of Valencia, presents a greater area of action during the dry season (1,93±0,88 ha) compared to the rainy season (0,47±0,32 ha) in contrast to habitat ranges described in other studies for the H. hydrochaeris with reports of areas of use ranging from 5,5±10,8 ha to 44 (10 - 56) ha, H. isthmius presents smaller habitat ranges (1,20±1,0 ha).
TL;DR: Serologic findings evidenced hantvirus infection among rodents of subfamily Murinae in Colombia, and the presence of antibodies against the virus suggests that at least one hantavirus is circulating in rodents from North of Colombia.
Abstract: The hantaviruses associated to the Sigmodontinae rodents, are emerging pathogens that cause the Cardiopulmonary Syndrome by Hantavirus (HCS) in the Americas. So far, Colombia has not reported confirmed cases of the disease; however, evidence has shown serological exposure to hantavirusin rodents and humans from two departments in the Caribbean Region, and molecular detection of viral genome in tissue samples of rodents in Antioquia. The aim of this research was to determinate the frequency of hantavirus specific antibodies in rodents from Sincelejo City. Animal samplings were performed with Sherman traps from March to July 2009. IgG antibodies against Sin Nombre Virus were detected in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(indirect ELISA). Sixty-one rodents were captured and identified as three speciesthree species, Musmusculus was the most abundant(91.8%). From the total of analyzed animals, only one exemplar, belonging to Rattusrattus specie (seroprevalence 1.64%), was positive to hantavirus. Serologic findings evidenced hantavirus infection among rodents of subfamily Murinae in Colombia. The presence of antibodies against the virus suggests that at least one hantavirus is circulating in rodents from North of Colombia.
TL;DR: Araneofauna is recorded in a locality in the Forest Reserve Protective Coraza, in the Montes de Maria, Sucre, corresponding to a tropical dry forest for this, there were ten visits in day shifts, between the months of September and December 2010, 10 points were established in random sampling In each of these to capture direct employment by manual collection, review of litter, shrub foliage stirring and pitfall traps as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Araneofauna is recorded in a locality in the Forest Reserve Protective Coraza, in the Montes de Maria, Sucre, corresponding to a tropical dry forest For this, there were ten visits in day shifts, between the months of September and December 2010, 10 points were established in random sampling In each of these to capture direct employment by manual collection, review of litter, shrub foliage stirring and pitfall traps We collected 1067 individuals grouped in 229 morphospecies, belonging to 30 families The most abundant families were Araneidae, Salticidae,
TL;DR: The partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was sufficient for the identification of sheep, cattle and different species of fish based on the similarity of that gene in BLAST, assisting the work of taxonomists.
Abstract: Molecular markers based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have maternal inheritance and may be used to evaluate phylogenetic and taxonomic issues.The similarity diagnosis of living beings can be performed by genomic analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular marker in 16S rRNA gene potential to identify different animal species and determine the degree of genetic similarity among individuals. DNA was extracted from 13 animals being 5 sheep, 4 cattle and 4 fish and the samples were amplified, purified and sequenced. The analysis were made with MEGA 5.10 and BLAST programs. The sequences identified on GenBank® showed that the animals belonged to the Ovis aries (sheep), Bos taurus (cattle), Prochilodus lineatus (curimba), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (pintado), Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (cachara) and Leporinus obtusidens (piau) species. The genetic distance between the different animal groups was 0,10 cattle/sheep, 0,66 cattle/fish and 0,65 sheep/fish. The construction of the phylogenetic tree has determined two different classes being Mammalia containing the subfamillies: Bovinae and Caprinae, and Actinopterygii containing the orders: Caraciforme (curimba and piau) and Siluriforme (pintado and cachara). The mtDNA molecular markers technology demonstrated the possibility of using it as a tool for species identification and differentiation thereby assisting the work of taxonomists. Thus, the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was sufficient for the identification of sheep, cattle and different species of fish based on the similarity of that gene in BLAST.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the female-CAMURA Colombian Creole sheep show consistent body morphology for meat production, along with those who allow proper locomotion under extensive systems, maintaining a good adaptation to the environmental conditions to which exposed.
Abstract: In order to study the body conformation of Creoles hair sheep (Camura), 311 females older than 2 years of age and not gravid was taken of a random sample of belonging to eigth farms located in Savannas and Gulf of Morrosquillo sub-region in Sucre department, during the months of January to March 2011; animals with morphological and physiological defects were not considered Faneroptica and morphological characteristics were the basis of the study, evaluating qualitative variables such as coat color, mucous pigmentation, hooves and udder, croup like slope, head profile, ears position and size, depth udder and neck size, which were recorded on field cards The controls for each of the qualitative variables were performed using direct observation and photographic images for the description of coat color Descriptive statistic, based on distribution frequency tables, was used to evaluate the qualitative variables In sheep of this breed predominated brown color, with black shades, mucous dark nasal, carmelites hooves, shallow udder and un pigmented, sloping rump, long neck, head profile straight, horizontal ears and sizes ranging from small and medium Corporal weight was 302 55 kg It is concluded that the female-CAMURA Colombian Creole sheep show consistent body morphology for meat production, along with those who allow proper locomotion under extensive systems, maintaining a good adaptation to the environmental conditions to which exposed
TL;DR: In this paper, seven transhumant routes were evaluated in the department of Sucre, having as municipalities of exit of cattle: Sincelejo, Corozal and Since, and as receivers: San Marcos and Caimito.
Abstract: Seven transhumant routes were evaluated in the department of Sucre, having as municipalities of exit of cattle: Sincelejo, Corozal and Since, and as receivers: San Marcos and Caimito. The medium distance traveled on-line straight was 98.33 Km (89-121, DS 11.07), twice a year, of going to the beginning of the drought and of return to the beginning of the rainy season. There are not significant difference among them (p=0.666). The cattle roads work as complementary elements of the cattle societies, traditionally they are used to communicate appropriate areas of pasture by means of seasonal migrations, they possess patrimonial value and they are part of the regional culture. A great environmental loss could be presented if this model of handling cattleman ended up disappearing, it possesses big use possibilities and it proved that they are promissory at level of novel economic participations alternative as the ecotourism, as field for social and environmental research, as well as, national historical legacy.
TL;DR: The cladocerans studied showed differences in population parameters, suggesting different adaptation strategies in relation to food resource offered, and it was found that due to its size and rapid growth are potentially useful as food at the start of exogenous feeding of postlarvae Prochilodus magdalenae , Brycon sinuensis and Colossoma macropomum , major fish species in the region.
Abstract: Cladocerans by its small size, rapid development and early reproduction, are used as live food in aquaculture (fish farming). This work aims to study the life history of Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Crustacea - Cladocera) under laboratory conditions to determine their potential as food in (fish farming). Experimental cultivations of D. magna and C. reticulata 12 individuals by maintaining species in separate containers of 100 ml. As seston food was used from the swamp of San Marcos - Sucre, filtered with 40 - micron mesh and maintained in two 25-liter aquariums. The population parameters were measured every 12 hours throughout the lifetime of specimens. Embryonic development time was 16 hours for C. reticulata and 24 hours for D. magna. There were significant differences (P?0.05) in population growth, with better performance C. reticulata (average fertility of 1.12 infants/female, age and size at maturity of 5.9 days and 77.9 ?m, respectively) than D. magna (average fertility of 0.71 infants/female, age and size at maturity of 9 days and 256?m, respectively). The cladocerans studied showed differences in population parameters, suggesting different adaptation strategies in relation to food resource offered.In general it was found that due to its size and rapid growth are potentially useful as food at the start of exogenous feeding of postlarvae Prochilodus magdalenae, Brycon sinuensis and Colossoma macropomum, major fish species in the region.
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study was conducted to determine what influence Hippotherapy as therapeutic alternative in the development of children with cerebral palsy, and the results showed a breakthrough in all areas, especially in the gross motor area, confirming that in this case, hippotherapy and therapeutic accompanied by interdisciplinary rehabilitation, alterations positively impact initially presented by the child, evidenced by increasing each again the level of independence in performing activities of daily living.
Abstract: The objective of this case study was to determine what influence Hippotherapy as therapeutic alternative in the development of children with cerebral palsy. It also describes the hippotherapy as a treatment, a brief description of the most important aspects of cerebral palsy and how it influences in the development of children. A case was a 4-year-old town of Corozal-Sucre diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy Athetoid (dyskinetic). The description of the state of development of the child to the prior application of Hippotherapy and current hiso through the evaluation of the four areas defined by the Abbreviated Scale Development Colombian Ministry of Health, adapted as the guide for response to the educational needs of students with cerebral palsy, given by the government of Navarra, Spain. For documentation of the case observation and assessment of the four areas of development, complemented by review of the clinical history, physical examination of the child, interview the treating team and parents was used. A breakthrough in the development in all areas, especially in the gross motor area, confirming that in this case, hippotherapy and therapeutic accompanied by interdisciplinary rehabilitation, alterations positively impact initially presented by the child, evidenced by increasing each again the level of independence in performing activities of daily living.
TL;DR: This work analyzed three populations of hutia conga comparatively in different habitat by means of two indexes of retention of water (reabsorption index) and a index proposed by the first authors, where is related the renal thickness of marrow to head trunk length (HTL) in order to eliminate the effect of HTL in two trimester of the year.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze three populations of hutia conga (Capromys pilorides) comparatively in different habitat (swamp and forest) by means of two indexes of retention of water (reabsorption index) using the index proposed by YABE (1983) and a index proposed by the first authors, where is related the renal thickness of marrow to head trunk length (HTL) in order to eliminate the effect of HTL, in two trimester of the year. The three populations were analyzed from february, marz to april (FMA) and August, september and october (ASO). All the animal captured were adult. The measures used was head trunk length (HTL) and renal thickness of marrow (RTM) and cortex (RTC) in mm, measured with tape measure (HTL) and caliper (RTN and RTC). The index proposed by YABE (1983), which measures the renal thickness of marrow in relation to thickness of the kidney, and the renal index relative to long proposed by the first authors (IRRl), where compared. The index IRRL contributed to differentiate the population of mangrove habitat of forest habitat with high discrimination values and consistent, independent of the season effects, this result was not evidenced in the index of YABE (1983) neither in the absolute value of renal thickness of marrow.
TL;DR: With this protocol is possible to extract the grain of pollen without strong chemicals and in a less time, the advantages this protocol has in front of conventional techniques used to carry out palynologycal analysis are presented.
Abstract: We described a method to analyze pollen samples from nectarivore bats’ hez. With this protocol is possible to extract the grain of pollen without strong chemicals and in a less time. We present the advantages this protocol has in front of conventional techniques used to carry out palynologycal analysis.
TL;DR: The differences presented by samples for instrumental color and color perceived by sensory analysis didn’t affect the sensory preference and buying intentions between conventional and organic eggs studied.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the instrumental color and sensory analysis of four brands of eggs: organic (A and B) and conventional (C and D). The analysis of skin color and yolk was performed using a Minolta® colorimeter and sensory analysis was used to rank the preference of thirty tasters. The instrumental color data were subjected to analysis of variance, and significant differences were subjected to Tukey test to detect between the means (p≤0.05). The data were subjected to the sort Friedman test and multiple comparisons between scores. For instrumental color of the egg yolk for both luminosity and chroma sample C differed from the other samples. In the sensory test, significant difference appeared only for yolk color, which sample C appeared darker than others. For aroma and flavor, was no significant difference between samples. The differences presented by samples for instrumental color and color perceived by sensory analysis didn’t affect the sensory preference and buying intentions between conventional and organic eggs studied.
TL;DR: The ontogenetic variation in the diet in relation to increasing body size of juvenile of Brycon amazonicus, Triportheus angulatus, Mylossoma duriventre and Semaprochilodus insignis collected in herbaceous banks of the Solimoes/Amazon river is evaluated.
Abstract: The macrophytes aquatics environment plays an important role as a local supply of juvenile fish from the order Characiformes in the Central Amazon floodplain. In the present study was evaluated the ontogenetic variation in the diet in relation to increasing body size of juvenile of Brycon amazonicus, Triportheus angulatus, Mylossoma duriventre and Semaprochilodus insignis collected in herbaceous banks of the Solimoes/Amazon river. A total of 1181 specimens were analyzed and divided into three classes according to their standard length: class I (15-30 mm), class II (31-45 mm) and class III (46-60 mm). To analyze diet, a food index was calculated by combining the methods of frequency of occurrence and relative volume. Ontogenetic variation was observed in the diets of M. duriventre and T. angulatus during their juvenile stages. All analyzed species have selective foraging patterns and late juvenile stages resemble adult feeding behavior.