Showing papers in "SAGE Open in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that current levels of youth unemployment need to be understood in the context of increased labor market flexibility, an expansion of higher education, youth migration, and family legacies of long-term unemployment.
Abstract: Current levels of youth unemployment need to be understood in the context of increased labor market flexibility, an expansion of higher education, youth migration, and family legacies of long-term unemployment. Compared with previous recessions, European-wide policies and investments have significantly increased with attempts to support national policies. By mapping these developments and debates, we illustrate the different factors shaping the future of European labor markets. We argue that understanding youth unemployment requires a holistic approach that combines an analysis of changes in the economic sphere around labor market flexibility, skills attainment, and employer demand, as well as understanding the impact of family legacies affecting increasingly polarized trajectories for young people today. The success of EU policy initiatives and investments will be shaped by the ability of national actors to implement these effectively.
289 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the relationship between cell phone use and actual college grade point average (GPA) after controlling for known predictors, such as demographic variables, selfefficacy for self-regulated learning, self-efficity for academic achievement, and actual high school GPA, which were all significant predictors.
Abstract: The cell phone is ever-present on college campuses and is frequently used in settings where learning occurs. This study assessed the relationship between cell phone use and actual college grade point average (GPA) after controlling for known predictors. As such, 536 undergraduate students from 82 self-reported majors at a large, public university were sampled. A hierarchical regression (R2 = .449) demonstrated that cell phone use was significantly (p < .001) and negatively (β = −.164) related to actual college GPA after controlling for demographic variables, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, self-efficacy for academic achievement, and actual high school GPA, which were all significant predictors (p < .05). Thus, after controlling for other established predictors, increased cell phone use was associated with decreased academic performance. Although more research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms, findings suggest a need to sensitize students and educators about the potential academic...
238 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduced the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR-16) to assess social desirability when time is limited, which incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others).
Abstract: Self-report studies often call for assessment of socially desirable responding. Many researchers use the Marlowe–Crowne Scale for its brief versions; however, this scale is outdated, and contemporary models of social desirability emphasize its multi-dimensional nature. The 40-item Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others). However, its length limits its practicality. This article introduces the BIDR-16. In four studies, we shorten the BIDR from 40 items to 16 items, while retaining its two-factor structure, reliability, and validity. This short form will be invaluable to researchers wanting to assess social desirability when time is limited.
175 citations
TL;DR: On climate change and other topics, conservatives have taken positions at odds with a strong scientific consensus as discussed by the authors, and claims that this indicates a broad conservative distrust of science have been coun...
Abstract: On climate change and other topics, conservatives have taken positions at odds with a strong scientific consensus. Claims that this indicates a broad conservative distrust of science have been coun...
145 citations
TL;DR: This article found that answering an instructional manipulation check prior to a simple task improved performance on items that benefit from increased systematic thinking, such as Cognitive Reflection Test (Study 1), and Probabilistic Reasoning Task (Study 2).
Abstract: Instructional manipulation checks (IMCs) have become popular tools for identifying inattentive participants in online studies. IMCs function by attempting to trick inattentive participants into responding incorrectly. However, from a conversational perspective, question characteristics are part of the researcher’s contribution to the conversation, and IMCs may teach participants that there is “more than meets the eye,” prompting systematic thinking on subsequent tricky-seeming questions in an attempt to avoid being tricked. In two online studies, participants responded to a simple task either before or after completing an IMC. As expected, answering an IMC prior to the task improved performance on items that benefit from increased systematic thinking—namely, the Cognitive Reflection Test (Study 1), and a probabilistic reasoning task (Study 2). We conclude that IMCs change attention rather than merely measure attention and discuss implications for their use in online studies.
119 citations
TL;DR: Corruption is a clog in the wheel of progress in Nigeria and has incessantly frustrated the realization of noble national goals, despite the enormous natural and human resources in Nigeria as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Corruption is a clog in the wheel of progress in Nigeria and has incessantly frustrated the realization of noble national goals, despite the enormous natural and human resources in Nigeria. The art...
94 citations
TL;DR: Workplace bullying has a detrimental effect on employees as mentioned in this paper, yet few studies have examined its impact on personnel in American higher education administration, and therefore, two central research question have been raised.
Abstract: Workplace bullying has a detrimental effect on employees, yet few studies have examined its impact on personnel in American higher education administration. Therefore, two central research question...
87 citations
Journal Article•
82 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the physical and financial access to food of the population of Dorset, a rural municipality in North East Tasmania (Australia); the impact that socioeconomic factors have on their food security; and the coping strategies they use when food shortages occur.
Abstract: Australia is considered a highly food-secure nation; however, this is not always the case for every individual, household, and community. This article examines the physical and financial access to food of the population of Dorset, a rural municipality in North East Tasmania (Australia); the impact that socio-economic factors have on their food security; and the coping strategies they use when food shortages occur. A mixed-methods approach was used: Quantitative data were collected through the Tasmanian Household Food Security Survey and qualitative data through nine community focus groups conducted throughout the Dorset municipality. A total of 364 respondents (response rate 63%) completed the survey. Two main themes were identified within the data: food availability and food access. Food availability considered food origin, sustainability, and food production, whereas food access considered physical access, financial access, and other access issues such as awareness, skills, cultural preferences, and social support. The data revealed the wide-ranging effects of the importation of cheaper food alternatives, which had long-term implications not only on individuals’ health but also on the economic health of the community. A number of respondents indicated they were at times unable to buy nutritious foods due to limited finances, which led some to go without food or use other strategies to feed themselves. This study highlights the inappropriateness of the continuation of individual behavior change as a policy focus, as many of the problems facing communities are beyond individual abilities. Thus, the implications for policy from this study are centered on providing further support for strategies that focus on ensuring equity and food security for all, particularly the rural inhabitants of many food-secure nations.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that an intervention to reduce stress responses of SWAT officers to critical incident scenarios works in a simulated training setting.
Abstract: Police Special Forces (a.k.a. special weapons and tactics [SWAT]) officers are tasked with responding to the most critical situations, including incidents that require specialized skills and equipment beyond typical policing activities. In this study, we tested the feasibility of applying Arnetz and colleagues' resilience promotion training that was developed for patrol officers to SWAT team officers (n = 18). The resilience promotion training program included psychoeducation focused on police stress and resilience, and the practice of resilience promotion techniques (controlled breathing and imagery) while listening to audio-recorded critical incident scenarios. The aims of this study were to (a) examine if a resilience training program was relevant and accepted by SWAT team officers and (b) assess participants' physiological stress responses (heart rate, respiration) during the resilience training sessions to note if there were improvements in stress responding over time. Our findings revealed that participants were able to significantly reduce their average heart rate and improve their ability to engage in controlled respiration (i.e., breathing) during simulated critical incidents over the course of the 5-day training. Improvements in stress responding were observed even when the critical incident scenarios became more graphic. Results suggest that an intervention to reduce stress responses of SWAT officers to critical incident scenarios works in a simulated training setting. Translation of these findings to real-world occupational hazards is a recommended next step.
75 citations
TL;DR: Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher at higher level of education, wealth, and caste, however, educational status of older adults is seen to be negatively associated with prevalence of ADL limitations and poor self-rated health.
Abstract: This article describes the prevalence of multi-morbidity and its association with self-rated and functional health using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), Pilot survey, 2010 data, on 1,683 older adults aged 45+. The prevalence of multimorbidity is assessed as count of self-reported chronic diseases for an older adult. Limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) are used as a measure of functional health. Zero-inflated Poisson regression is estimated to examine the covariates of multi-morbidity. Moreover, logit models are used to assess the association of multi-morbidity with functional health and self-rated health. Results depict a large prevalence of multi-morbidity, limitations in ADL and poor self-rated health with pronounced state variations. Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher at higher level of education, wealth, and caste. However, educational status of older adults is seen to be negatively associated with prevalence of ADL limitations and poor self-rated health. Household wealth and caste showed no clear association with limitations in ADL and poor self-rated health. Multimorbid older adults were found with substantially high risk of ADL limitations and poor self-rated health.
TL;DR: This review identified domains of care experiences among studies of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese caregivers in the United States and Canada between 2000 and 2012 using a narrative approach and identified three primary domains across subgroups.
Abstract: This review identified domains of care experiences among studies of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese caregivers in the United States and Canada between 2000 and 2012. Using a narrative approach, 46 peer-reviewed journal articles were found through electronic databases and references. Considering caregivers' assimilation to host countries, attention was given to their culture, socioeconomic resources, immigrant status, filial responsibility, generation, and acculturation. Three primary domains were identified across subgroups. The caregivers' experiences domain was a strong sense of filial responsibility and its varied effects on caregiving experience; in the cultural values domain, reciprocity, and familism. In the acculturation domain, caregivers' generations influenced their experiences. Because our society is rapidly changing demographically and culturally, studies of older adults and their caregivers that are not only inclusive of all racial/ethnic groups but also sensitive to specific racial/ethnic and cultural subgroup differences are necessary to inform policy and practice.
TL;DR: An overview of the common pitfalls and potential disadvantages of visual representations based on a multidisciplinary literature review is provided and a theoretically grounded classification of common cognitive, emotional, and social risks of visualization is developed.
Abstract: A large body of research has addressed the benefits of visualization, whereas the analysis of the pitfalls has not received systematic attention. We aim to provide an overview of the common pitfalls and potential disadvantages of visual representations based on a multidisciplinary literature review. Subsequently, we develop a theoretically grounded classification of common cognitive, emotional, and social risks of visualization and populate it with a comprehensive list of visualization pitfalls. The aim of this research is not to diminish the potential of visualization, but rather to improve visual literacy by structuring our understanding of the possible limitations of graphic representations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present four general principles that have emerged from cognitive science about ways to ensure that manipulatives promote learning when used with young children, and describe how Montessori instruction offers a concrete example of the application of these principles in practice.
Abstract: Manipulatives are ubiquitous in early childhood classrooms; yet, findings regarding their efficacy for learning mathematics concepts are inconsistent. In this article, we present four general principles that have emerged from cognitive science about ways to ensure that manipulatives promote learning when used with young children. We also describe how Montessori instruction offers a concrete example of the application of these principles in practice, which may, in turn, explain the high levels of mathematics achievement among children who attend Montessori programs during early childhood. The general principles and concrete examples presented in this article should help early childhood programs maximize the benefits of using manipulatives for developmentally appropriate mathematics instruction.
TL;DR: The authors investigated the effects of three strategies (i.e., guided discovery, think-pair-share, and lecture) on senior secondary school students' achievement in chemistry in a pretest, post-test, and c...
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of three strategies (i.e., guided discovery, think-pair-share, and lecture) on senior secondary school students’ achievement in chemistry. A pretest, posttest, c...
TL;DR: The early skills of emergent literacy include the knowledge and abilities related to the alphabet, phonological awareness, symbolic representation, and communication as mentioned in this paper. But existing models of early literacy do not capture these skills.
Abstract: The early skills of Emergent Literacy include the knowledge and abilities related to the alphabet, phonological awareness, symbolic representation, and communication. However, existing models of em...
TL;DR: It is considered how this news reporting about obesity may act as a form of “synoptical” social control, working in tandem with wider public health panoptical surveillance of obesity.
Abstract: News reporting, in channels such as broadcast and print media, on obesity as an issue has increased dramatically in the last decade. A qualitative study, in which we used in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, was undertaken to explore 142 obese individuals’ perceptions of, and responses to, news reporting about obesity. Participants believed that news reporting on obesity focused on personal responsibility and blame, and portrayed obese people as “freaks.” They described being portrayed as “enemies” of society who were rarely given a voice or identity in such news coverage unless they were seen to be succeeding at weight loss. They were also critical of the simplistic coverage of obesity, which was in contrast with their personal experiences of obesity as complex and difficult to address. Participants believed that obesity news reporting added to the discrimination they experienced. We consider how this news reporting may act as a form of “synoptical” social control, working in tandem with wider public health panoptical surveillance of obesity.
TL;DR: In his later writings, Bronfenbrenner revised his ecological theory, resulting in the bioecological model that gave prominence to proximal processes and the relationship between the context and ind...
Abstract: In his later writings, Bronfenbrenner revised his ecological theory, resulting in the bioecological model that gave prominence to proximal processes and the relationship between the context and ind...
TL;DR: It is shown that security issues comprise the most significant challenge confronting BYOD policy and that very little has been done to tackle this security challenge.
Abstract: Mobile computing has supplanted internet computing because of the proliferation of cloud-based applications and mobile devices (such as smartphones, palmtops, and tablets). As a result of this, wor...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of relational and cognitive social capital on structural social capital and structural performance of micro-enterprises owned and managed by women in Peninsular Malaysia.
Abstract: Social capital and its dimensions are highly interrelated, and the outcome of social capital provides entrepreneurs with resources and knowledge that are not available in the first place. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of relational and cognitive social capital on structural social capital and the effect of structural social capital on the performance of micro-enterprises owned and managed by women in Peninsular Malaysia. This study uses a cross-sectional approach, and quantitative data are collected through structured interviews. It was found that cognitive social capital has a significant positive effect on structural social capital, and structural social capital has a significant positive effect on micro-enterprise performance. It was found that relational social capital has a positive but insignificant effect on structural social capital. Therefore, women entrepreneurs should emphasize on making the communication process easier and on ensuring that their business values, norms, interpretation, and meaning are shared and communicated to relevant parties to improve network ties and to build a dense network, which is essential in providing access to resources and knowledge. This, in return, is expected to improve the micro-enterprise performance in Malaysia.
TL;DR: In this article, the reliability and the validity of the Italian Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) was evaluated. But the authors did not provide preliminary findings on the reliability of the assessment.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide preliminary findings on the reliability and the validity of the Italian Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, a screening tool that measures parents’ potential...
TL;DR: Learner-Led approaches in education (LED) as mentioned in this paper is a new term in higher education, which does not represent a single approach or dogma to replace existing dogmas, but a way of approac...
Abstract: The article introduces a new term in higher education: learner-led approaches in education (LED). This does not represent a single approach or dogma to replace existing dogmas, but a way of approac...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the vulnerability to flooding in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria, by creating vulnerability indices and comparing these indices across the 13 zones that make up the 13 geo-political zones of the city.
Abstract: This study analyzed the vulnerability to flooding in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria, by creating vulnerability indices and comparing these indices across the 13 zones that make up Port Harcourt metropolis. The integrated vulnerability assessment approach using indicators was adopted. The indicators were grouped into adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change definition of vulnerability. The data on these indicators were obtained from fieldwork, questionnaire, and map measurements. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain the first component scores which were used to weight the variables before calculating the vulnerability indices of the 13 zones. The vulnerability indices results show that Mgbuosimiri (Zone K) is relatively the most vulnerable, whereas the least vulnerable is Eligbolo (Zone D). Cluster analysis was used to group the different vulnerability indices to produce a vulnerability map showing the spatial pattern of the different flood vulnerability levels (i.e., very high, high, low, and very low vulnerability levels). The spatial pattern of the vulnerability levels increases toward the north west, south west, south, and north east, and decreases toward the central of Port Harcourt. However, the vulnerability map can be used for the reduction of damage potential by integrating its outputs into spatial planning and emergency planning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a taxonomy of climate change scepticism based on the types of critiques and attitudinal characteristics of sceptics, and propose some relabeling of the categories and subcategories to more accurately describe nuances in sceptic positions.
Abstract: “Climate change scepticism” is a familiar concept in popular and scholarly discourse and generally refers to a family of arguments and individuals that reject, dispute, or question the orthodox view of the climate issue. At close range though, it is evident that the concept is often used casually, without consideration of the complexity of the category it represents. Scholars have varied interpretations of the concept and sometimes actively dispute its meaning and reach. The article proposes that the sceptic phenomenon can be variegated according to the types of sceptic critiques and, additionally, according to sceptics’ attitudinal characteristics. Taxonomies are proposed for each. The types of sceptic arguments are organised in a conceptual hierarchy consisting of two classes of critiques (“core” and “concomitant”), three centers of scepticism (“evidence,” “process,” and “response”), and seven specific objects of scepticism. For the attitudinal characteristics of sceptics, the article takes stock of the different motives, modes, and certainties of belief among sceptics. It proposes some relabeling of the category and subcategories to more accurately describe nuances in sceptic positions, as well as to dispose of unproductive labels. The article suggests how the refined conceptualisation might help observers and policy practitioners to manage the sceptic challenge in a more discerning and constructive fashion.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of leader-member exchange and relational identification (RI) between transformational leadership and job performance relationship is discussed, and the model has been tested in various scenarios.
Abstract: The present study focuses on the role of leader–member exchange and relational identification (RI) between transformational leadership and job performance relationship. The model has been tested in...
TL;DR: This exploratory research used a qualitative approach to understand LTC staff’s grief and bereavement experience and to identify the perceived support needs of nurses and personal support workers who work in two faith-based non-profit care homes in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract: For long-term care (LTC) home staff who work directly with residents, death, dying, and grief are day-to-day experiences in their working life. However, staff are often overlooked for grief and bereavement support. This exploratory research used a qualitative approach to understand LTC staff’s grief and bereavement experience and to identify the perceived support needs of nurses and personal support workers who work in two faith-based non-profit care homes in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Findings indicated that participants’ experiences are complex, shaped by the emotional impact of each loss, the cumulative burden of ongoing grief, an organizational culture in LTC where death is hidden, and the lack of organizational attention to staffs’ support and education needs. Eight recommendations were developed from the findings. It is hoped that this research will assist in the development of organizational policy and procedures, addressing the health and well-being of direct care workers in LTC homes.
TL;DR: In this article, a 10-year longitudinal model examined the role of adolescent attachment, adult romantic attachment, and emotion regulation strategies on adult symptoms of psychopathology, and found that adolescents were more likely to experience romantic attachment than romantic attachment.
Abstract: This study tested a 10-year longitudinal model examining the role of adolescent attachment, adult romantic attachment, and emotion regulation strategies on adult symptoms of psychopathology. Fifty ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of human capital and technology on economic growth in Nigeria and employed annual time series data for the period of 35 years (1975-2010) and applied autoregres...
Abstract: This article investigated the impact of human capital and technology on economic growth in Nigeria. We employed annual time series data for the period of 35 years (1975-2010) and applied autoregres...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of human resource development (HRD) in employee assessment and development, as well as the rationale behind employee monitoring and leadership behaviors, and advice that makes monitoring less distressful.
Abstract: Despite the historic American love for privacy that has enhanced innovation and creativity throughout the country, encroachments on privacy restrain individual freedom. Noticeable, advances in technology have offered decision makers remarkable monitoring aptitudes that can be used in numerous tasks for multiple reasons. This has led scholars and practitioners to pose a significant number of questions about what is legitimate and illegitimate in the day-to-day affairs of a business. This article is composed of (a) research about electronic monitoring and privacy concerns; (b) definitions of, critiques of, and alternatives to electronic performance monitoring (EPM); (c) motives behind employee monitoring and leadership behaviors; (d) advice that makes monitoring less distressful; (e) employee monitoring policies; (f) reviewing policies and procedures; (g) the role of human resource development (HRD) in employee assessment and development; and (h) conclusion and recommendations for further studies.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the use of antenatal care has stagnated while medical assistance at delivery has increased sluggishly in Nigeria during 1990 to 2008.
Abstract: 1. Mary O. Obiyan[1][1][⇑][2]
2. Abhishek Kumar[2][3]
1. 1Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2. 2International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
1. Mary O. Obiyan, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220282, Nigeria. Email: maryobiyan{at}gmail.com
This article examines the socioeconomic inequalities in the use of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery in Nigeria, using the multi-rounds of the cross-sectional Nigerian Demographic Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2008. The analyses include only women aged 15 to 49 with at least one live birth in the past 3 years preceding the surveys date. The socioeconomic indicators selected were household wealth index and women’s level of education. The results indicate that the use of antenatal care has stagnated while medical assistance at delivery has increased sluggishly in Nigeria during 1990 to 2008. Stark socioeconomic differences in utilization of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery services exist with growing inequalities in utilization across household wealth and women’s level of education. Despite existing maternal health promotion initiatives in the country, the use of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery is disproportionately lower among the poor and uneducated women.
[1]: #aff-1
[2]: #corresp-1
[3]: #aff-2