Showing papers in "SAGE Open in 2016"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the importance and influence of Industry 4.0 and consequently the Internet-connected technologies for the creation of value added for organizations and society, and investigate the changes that will result from Industry4.0 with the development of the Internet of things.
Abstract: This article is focused on the importance and influence of Industry 4.0 and consequently the Internet-connected technologies for the creation of value added for organizations and society. The contribution of the article is mainly conceptual. With the development of the Internet, the Internet of things that is central to the new industrial revolution has led to “Industry 4.0.” The aim of this article is to synthesize the known theory and practices of Industry 4.0, and to investigate the changes that will result from Industry 4.0 and with the development of the Internet of things.
704 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the extent to which MTurk samples differ from population samples, and the underlying nature of these differences by replicating items from the population-based American National Election Studies (ANES) 2012 Time Series Study in a survey administered to a sample of mTurk respondents.
Abstract: One of the most notable recent developments in survey research is the increased usage of online convenience samples drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). While scholars have noted various social and political differences (e.g., age, partisanship) between MTurk and population-based samples, the breadth and depth of these variations remain unclear. We investigate the extent to which MTurk samples differ from population samples, and the underlying nature of these differences. We do so by replicating items from the population-based American National Election Studies (ANES) 2012 Time Series Study in a survey administered to a sample of MTurk respondents. With few exceptions, we not only find that MTurk respondents differ significantly from respondents completing the 2012 ANES via the Web but also that most differences are reduced considerably when controlling for easily measurable sample features. Thus, MTurk respondents do not appear to differ fundamentally from population-based respondents in unmeasur...
503 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed literature to ascertain critical reasons for high attrition rates in online classes, as well as explore solutions to boost retention rates, which will help create a starting point and foundation for a more, in-depth research and analysis of retention issues in online courses.
Abstract: Despite increasing enrollment percentages from earlier years, online courses continue to show receding student retention rates. To reduce attrition and ensure continual growth in online courses, it is important to continue to review current and updated literature to understand the changing behaviors of online learners and faculty in the 21st century and examine how they fit together as a cohesive educational unit. This article reviews literature to ascertain critical reasons for high attrition rates in online classes, as well as explore solutions to boost retention rates. This will help create a starting point and foundation for a more, in-depth research and analysis of retention issues in online courses. Examining these issues is critical to contemporary learning environments.
266 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that PH-PBRNs can serve as authentic, sustainable CBPR partnerships, ensuring the co-production of new knowledge, while also improving and expanding the implementation and impact of research findings in real-world settings.
Abstract: With real-world relevance and translatability as important goals, applied methodological approaches have arisen along the participatory continuum that value context and empower stakeholders to partner actively with academics throughout the research process. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) provides the gold standard for equitable, partnered research in traditional communities. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) also have developed, coalescing communities of practice and of academics to identify, study, and answer practice-relevant questions. To optimize PBRN potential for expanding scientific knowledge, while bridging divides across knowledge production, dissemination, and implementation, we elucidate how PBRN partnerships can be strengthened by applying CBPR principles to build and maintain research collaboratives that empower practice partners. Examining the applicability of CBPR partnership principles to public health (PH) PBRNs, we conclude that PH-PBRNs can serve as authentic, sustainable CBPR partnerships, ensuring the co-production of new knowledge, while also improving and expanding the implementation and impact of research findings in real-world settings.
199 citations
TL;DR: A literature search conducted in 2013 yielded 216 hits, of which five met the inclusion criteria, and thus were read in depth and analyzed through a narrative-review approach as discussed by the authors, indicating that health literacy might be regarded as a tool for empowerment but does not automatically lead to empowerment.
Abstract: The aim of this article was to explore what is known about the assumed connection between health literacy and empowerment and how this connection is portrayed in the scientific literature. If empowerment is an outcome of health literacy, what are the mechanisms behind this process? A literature search conducted in 2013 yielded 216 hits, of which five met the inclusion criteria, and thus were read in depth and analyzed through a narrative-review approach. The findings indicate that health literacy might be regarded as a tool for empowerment but does not automatically lead to empowerment. Health literacy might be increased by health education. Crucial for empowerment is to achieve the critical level of health literacy including an ability to question and reflect on the prevailing power relations and societal conditions; increased senses of power, self-esteem, and self-efficacy; and an ability to utilize these resources to engage in social and political action for change. This article suggests that for healt...
155 citations
TL;DR: Bacchi et al. as discussed by the authors introduce a poststructural analytic strategy called "What's the Problem Represented to be?" (WPR approach), and contrast this perspective to the ways in which "problems" are commonly conceptualized in health policy analyses (e.g., "a problem stream", "wicked problems".
Abstract: 1. Carol Bacchi[1][1][⇑][2]
1. 1The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
1. Carol Bacchi, Politics Department, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Email: carol.bacchi{at}adelaide.edu.au
This article directs attention to the significance, for health promotion advocates, of reflecting on how “problems” are constituted, or brought into existence, as particular sorts of problems, within policies and policy proposals. To this end, it introduces a poststructural analytic strategy called “What’s the Problem Represented to be?” (WPR approach), and contrasts this perspective to the ways in which “problems” are commonly conceptualized in health policy analyses (e.g., “a problem stream,” “wicked problems”). Such a perspective offers a significant rethinking of the conventional emphasis on agenda setting and policy-making processes in considering the meaning of success or failure in health policy initiatives. The starting point is a close analysis of items that are “successful,” in the sense that they make the political agenda, to see how representations of “problems” within selected policies limit what is talked about as possible or desirable, or as impossible and undesirable. This form of analysis thus enables critical reflections on the substantive content of policy initiatives in health policy. The article takes a step back from policy process theories, frameworks, and models to offer reflections at the level of paradigms. Highlighting potential dangers and limitations in positivism, interpretivism, and critical realism, it uses international, Australian, and South Australian examples in health policy to explore what poststructural policy analysis contributes to understanding the broad political influences shaping contemporary modes of rule.
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133 citations
TL;DR: The treatment of missing data can be difficult in multilevel research because state-of-the-art procedures such as multiple imputation may require advanced statistical knowledge or a high degree of familiarity with certain statistical software as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The treatment of missing data can be difficult in multilevel research because state-of-the-art procedures such as multiple imputation (MI) may require advanced statistical knowledge or a high degree of familiarity with certain statistical software In the missing data literature, pan has been recommended for MI of multilevel data In this article, we provide an introduction to MI of multilevel missing data using the R package pan, and we discuss its possibilities and limitations in accommodating typical questions in multilevel research To make pan more accessible to applied researchers, we make use of the mitml package, which provides a user-friendly interface to the pan package and several tools for managing and analyzing multiply imputed data sets We illustrate the use of pan and mitml with two empirical examples that represent common applications of multilevel models, and we discuss how these procedures may be used in conjunction with other software
127 citations
TL;DR: The concept of resilience has evolved, from an individual-level characteristic to a wider ecological notion that takes into account broader person-environment interactions, generating an increased resilience as discussed by the authors. But resilience has not yet been applied to the real world.
Abstract: The concept of resilience has evolved, from an individual-level characteristic to a wider ecological notion that takes into account broader person–environment interactions, generating an increased ...
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, grounded theory is well supported as a qualitative research method that historically responded to the epistemological challenges of defining knowledge and determining how it has been acquired, and it is used to define knowledge and define how it is acquired.
Abstract: Grounded theory is well supported as a qualitative research method that historically responded to the epistemological challenges of defining knowledge and determining how it has been acquired. Whil...
103 citations
TL;DR: Culturally relevant teaching is proposed as a powerful method for increasing student achievement and engagement and for reducing achievement gaps as mentioned in this paper, however, the research demonstrating its effeciency is limited.
Abstract: Culturally relevant teaching is proposed as a powerful method for increasing student achievement and engagement and for reducing achievement gaps. Nevertheless, the research demonstrating its effec...
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a literature review on the emotional effects of multisensory stimulation and proposed a conceptual framework that describes how environmental interventions are likely to affect human emotional responses.
Abstract: How we perceive our environment affects the way we feel and behave. The impressions of our ambient environment are influenced by its entire spectrum of physical characteristics (e.g., luminosity, sound, scents, temperature) in a dynamic and interactive way. The ability to manipulate the sensory aspects of an environment such that people feel comfortable or exhibit a desired behavior is gaining interest and social relevance. Although much is known about the sensory effects of individual environmental characteristics, their combined effects are not a priori evident due to a wide range of non-linear interactions in the processing of sensory cues. As a result, it is currently not known how different environmental characteristics should be combined to effectively induce desired emotional and behavioral effects. To gain more insight into this matter, we performed a literature review on the emotional effects of multisensory stimulation. Although we found some interesting mechanisms, the outcome also reveals that empirical evidence is still scarce and haphazard. To stimulate further discussion and research, we propose a conceptual framework that describes how environmental interventions are likely to affect human emotional responses. This framework leads to some critical research questions that suggest opportunities for further investigation.
TL;DR: In this article, the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework is used to proactively design lessons that address learner variability using UDL guidelines, teachers can integrate flexible options and suppo...
Abstract: The Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework can be used to proactively design lessons that address learner variability. Using UDL guidelines, teachers can integrate flexible options and suppo...
TL;DR: In this article, a randomized controlled pilot study consisted of training officers to apply techniques to enhance psychological and physiological control during stressful critical incidents, and the intervention group displayed significantly better physiological control, situational awareness, and overall performance, and made a g...
Abstract: Police safety and use of force decisions during critical incidents are an ongoing source of concern for both police practitioners and the public. Prior research in the area of police performance reveals that psychological and physiological stress responses during critical incidents can shape the outcome of the incident, either positively or negatively. The goal of this study was to test a training method to improve use of force decision making among police. This randomized controlled pilot study consisted of training officers to apply techniques to enhance psychological and physiological control during stressful critical incidents. Of a pool of 80 police officers, potential participants were invited based on equivalent age, years of experience, physiological characteristics (i.e., body mass index [BMI] and cardiovascular reactivity), and expertise. Results revealed that the intervention group displayed significantly better physiological control, situational awareness, and overall performance, and made a g...
TL;DR: Two new programs that compute both p-values and confidence intervals (CI) for the indirect effect in mediational models, including a p-value based on the partial posterior method and a variant of p3 that uses a normal approximation for the posterior distributions, p3N.
Abstract: 1. Carl F. Falk[1][1][⇑][2]
2. Jeremy C. Biesanz[2][3]
1. 1Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
2. 2University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
1. Carl F. Falk, Measurement and Quantitative Methods, Michigan State University, 458 Erickson Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Email: falkcarl{at}msu.edu
In this article, we describe two new programs that compute both p -values and confidence intervals (CI) for the indirect effect in mediational models, including (a) a p -value based on the partial posterior method, which we refer to as p 3 computed across the posterior distribution of the regression coefficients; (b) a variant of p 3 that uses a normal approximation for the posterior distributions, p 3N; (c) Hierarchical Bayesian CIs (CIHB) based on the posterior distributions of the regression coefficients; and (d) CIs based on the Monte Carlo method (CIMC). These programs do not require access to raw data as do resampling methods. Similar to Sobel’s test, p 3 and p 3N constitute a single p -value for the indirect effect while performing substantially better in terms of Type I and II error rates. Furthermore, we include a memory efficient computational algorithm for CIHB and CIMC that allows for precision beyond that in existing alternative implementations. The underlying programs can utilize multicore processors, and their performance is tested through a simulation study. Finally, the use of these programs is illustrated with an empirical example.
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TL;DR: The United Sains Malaysia Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) as mentioned in this paper is a Malay language emotional intelligence (EI) inventory that was based on a mixed-model approach of EI.
Abstract: The Universiti Sains Malaysia Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) is a Malay-language emotional intelligence (EI) inventory that was based on a mixed-model approach of EI. It was specifically de...
TL;DR: This paper found that by 2014, markedly fewer Americans participated in religious activit- tation, but few changes in religious beliefs and practices, and the number of religious beliefs was unchanged.
Abstract: Previous research found declines in Americans’ religious affiliation but few changes in religious beliefs and practices. By 2014, however, markedly fewer Americans participated in religious activit...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate how physical activities and images of the human body are offered by the game and show how the teacher constituted in the games is one who instructs and encourages the players to exercise and think about their bodies, but not a "teacher" who can help students to investigate, argue, or discuss images of health.
Abstract: The use of educational computer games in physical education (PE) has become more popular in recent years and has attracted research interest. The aim of the article is to investigate how physical activities and images of the human body are offered by the game. The results show how the “teacher” constituted in the games is one who instructs and encourages the players to exercise and think about their bodies, but not a “teacher” who can help students to investigate, argue, or discuss images of health and the human body. We argue that the use of a wide range and variety of ways of teaching would make the teaching richer and offer a deeper understanding about the body and health.
TL;DR: The authors found that reading books to very young children indeed contributes meaningfully to a favorable home literacy environment and supports children's language development, and that the age at which children were first read to was closely associated with family characteristics such as socioeconomic status, the frequency with which they were read to as preschoolers, and with children's linguistic and cognitive competencies.
Abstract: As reading to children plays an important role in language development, primary caregivers are often encouraged to read to their children from a very young age However, little is known about the age at which such reading should start The linguistic skills of 104 children were assessed shortly before school entry Their parents were asked how old their children were when they first read to them and how often they had read to their children Almost half of the study children were read to before they were 6 months old The age at which children were first read to was closely associated with family characteristics such as socioeconomic status, the frequency with which children were read to as preschoolers, and with children’s linguistic and cognitive competencies The findings imply that reading books to very young children indeed contributes meaningfully to a favorable home literacy environment and supports children’s language development
TL;DR: Although there is no paucity of theoretical frameworks for explaining people's health service utilization (HSU), theoretical frameworks designed to account for variations in immigrants' HSU remain... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Although there is no paucity of theoretical frameworks for explaining people’s health service utilization (HSU), theoretical frameworks designed to account for variations in immigrants’ HSU remain ...
TL;DR: In this paper, government of India (GOI) initialized financial inclusion campaign to quell exclusion and the campaign did not gain expected progress. Government employed technologies to speed up the process.
Abstract: Government of India (GOI) initialized financial inclusion campaign to quell exclusion. The campaign did not gain expected progress. Government employed technologies to speed up the process. Among b...
TL;DR: In this article, the issue of what category of knowledge is permitted for Muslims, the method for imparting knowledge, and how to obtain it is discussed in the context of education in Islam.
Abstract: Education is important for every Muslim society as the Prophet made it incumbent on all Muslims. However, the issue of what category of knowledge is permitted for Muslims, the method for imparting ...
TL;DR: This article found that climate change elicits some of the widest political divisions of any items on recent U.S. surveys, and that severe polarization affects even basic questions about the reality of anthropogenic...
Abstract: Questions about climate change elicit some of the widest political divisions of any items on recent U.S. surveys. Severe polarization affects even basic questions about the reality of anthropogenic...
TL;DR: In this article, the role of leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and employees' trust toward organizational change capacity (OCC) was examined.
Abstract: This article intends to examine the role of leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and employees’ trust toward organizational change capacity (OCC). Data were collected from a convenient sample of managers, coordinators, officers, community facilitators, social organizers, and activists through questionnaires. A total of 250 respondents were sent questionnaire, usable questionnaires were 204. Results revealed positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ trust. Moreover, an insignificant relationship was found between transactional leadership and employees’ trust, whereas laissez-faire and employees’ trust were found to be negatively associated. Findings of the study also depicted a positive and significant relationship of transformational leadership and transactional leadership with OCC. However, laissez-faire was negatively associated with OCC. Results also revealed that employees’ trust mediates the relationship between leadersh...
TL;DR: Fullchange et al. as discussed by the authors explored the effects of being bullied from a dual-factor lens, specifically examining the relation between victimization and constructs that contribute to social-emotional well-being.
Abstract: 1. Aileen Fullchange[1][1][⇑][2]
2. Michael J. Furlong[1][1]
1. 1University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
1. Aileen Fullchange, Gevirtz School, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9490, USA. Email: afullchange{at}education.ucsb.edu
This study explored the effects of being bullied from a dual-factor lens, specifically examining the relation between victimization and constructs that contribute to social-emotional well-being. Prior to carrying out the main analyses, the factor structure of self-report items related to experiencing bullying and harassment from the California Healthy Kids Survey, which was administered to more than 14,000 high school students, was examined to establish that these items represent an overall factor: students’ experience of victimization. This factor was then used as an independent variable in a series of planned comparisons with a dependent variable represented by constructs addressed by the Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary: belief-in-self, emotional competence, belief-in-others , and engaged living . With increased frequency of victimization, suicidality increased and belief-in-others decreased. For other constructs, belief-in-self, engaged living, and depression, there were significant differences found between individuals who had experienced frequencies of bullying as low as less than once a month and those who did not experience bullying at all but no further detrimental impacts were seen with even higher frequencies of victimization, indicating that being victimized at all is significantly worse than not being victimized for these variables. Implications and future directions for research are explored.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated a rural community project (Nguni Cattle Project) that uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) as a tool for its operational focus.
Abstract: The present study investigates a rural community project (Nguni Cattle Project) that uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) as a tool for its operational focus. The main objective of the study is...
TL;DR: Badri et al. as mentioned in this paper reported on findings from the TALIS (Teaching and Learning International Survey) 2013 study for Abu Dhabi which gathered teachers' views on teaching and learning with a focus on professional development.
Abstract: 1. Masood Badri[1][1][⇑][2]
2. Ali Alnuaimi[1][1]
3. Jihad Mohaidat[1][1]
4. Guang Yang[1][1]
5. Asma Al Rashedi[1][1]
1. 1Abu Dhabi Education Council, United Arab Emirates
1. Masood Badri, Executive Director, Research and Planning Division, Abu Dhabi Education Council, P.O. Box 36005, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Email: masood.badri{at}adec.ac.ae
The article reports on findings from the TALIS (Teaching and Learning International Survey) 2013 study for Abu Dhabi which gathered teachers’ views on teaching and learning with a focus on professional development. The aim of this study is to better understand teachers’ perceptions of professional development needs and impacts as well as the barriers faced by teachers from secondary schools in Abu Dhabi. The study provides some insights into the variations of those perceptions relative to other independent variables such as teachers’ age and gender, and type of schools. With regard to the perceived need for professional development activities, the most significant variation is observed with regard to public or private schools. With regard to the impact of those activities, male teachers almost consistently assign higher perceived impact scores than female teachers. Public schools also assign higher perceived impact scores for all activities that they participated in. However, female teachers assign significantly higher perceived barrier scores to five of the seven listed barriers to participating in professional development activities. The research has implications for professional development providers to ensure the effectiveness of professional development opportunities for educators in Abu Dhabi.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a human rights lens to demonstrate that the MDGs and the SDGs have not addressed full employment and decent work in a manner that is consistent with the Decent Work Agenda of the International Labour Organization and international human rights legal obligations of the UN member countries.
Abstract: On September 25, 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the blueprint for a global partnership for peace, development, and human rights for the period 2016 to 2030. The 2030 agenda follows on the heels of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2001, which set the international development agenda for the period 2001 to 2015. This article uses a human rights lens to demonstrate that the MDGs and the SDGs have not addressed full employment and decent work in a manner that is consistent with the Decent Work Agenda of the International Labour Organization and international human rights legal obligations of the UN member countries. It concludes that the new 2030 development agenda sadly aligns with market-based economic growth strategies rather than the realization of the human rights to full employment and decent work for all.
TL;DR: Attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) are known predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration with more women generally believed to justify IPV than men.
Abstract: Attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) are known predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration with more women generally believed to justify IPV than men. An understanding of the deter ...
TL;DR: Turriago-Hoyos et al. as discussed by the authors identified prudence, effectiveness, excellence, integrity, and truthfulness as the knowledge worker's intellectual virtues, whereas practical wisdom, responsibility, cooperation, and courage are seen to constitute the knowledge workers moral character.
Abstract: 1. Alvaro Turriago-Hoyos[1][1][⇑][2]
2. Ulf Thoene[1][1]
3. Surendra Arjoon[2][3]
1. 1Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
2. 2The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
1. Alvaro Turriago-Hoyos, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Comun, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogota, Chia 53753, Colombia. Email: alvaroth{at}unisabana.edu.co
The fallout of the 2008 global financial crisis and frequent disregard for labor, environmental, and social standards have instilled new vigor into the study of ethics and virtues. In the contemporary knowledge society, the issue of which virtues the modern day workforce needs to possess is of crucial significance. This study specifies the virtues laid out in the management theory of Peter Drucker (1909-2005), focusing upon the conceptual category of the knowledge worker as the primary unit of the contemporary information and innovation-based knowledge society. The idea and role of intellectual virtues are not yet fully developed in the literature, especially as those identified in this article are the source of critical and creative thinking. This intervention, therefore, identifies prudence, effectiveness, excellence, integrity, and truthfulness as the knowledge worker’s intellectual virtues, whereas practical wisdom, responsibility, cooperation, and courage are seen to constitute the knowledge worker’s moral character.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the impact of factors that influence the successful interviewing of peers and explore how ignoring the foundational elements of "who, where, and how" may result in lean or even skewed data.
Abstract: Research within a phenomenological framework is aimed at understanding the lived experience of participants to capture the essences of their combined stories to provide new insights and truths surrounding a particular phenomenon. Essential to this process is the acquiring of data representative of the experience being researched. The art of unstructured interviews is to acknowledge and value participants’ stories as each participant traverses deeply personal experiences with the interviewer. This article examines the impact of factors that influence the successful interviewing of peers and explores how ignoring the foundational elements of “who, where, and how” may result in lean or even skewed data. Aimed at accessing the essence of a phenomenon through conversational interviews, the authors offer an adaptable framework that considers the additional elements of “space, language, role, and trust” which is aligned with the intent of phenomenological studies.