Showing papers in "Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology in 2022"

TL;DR: Sertoli cells are the orchestrators of spermatogenesis; they support fetal germ cell commitment to the male pathway and are essential for germ cell development, from maintenance of the Spermatogonial stem cell niche, through meiosis and spermiogeneis and to the final release of mature spermids during spermiation as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of both the fetus and its mother as discussed by the authors , and is the primary cause of common disorders of pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize the current understanding of which routes of the specialized metabolism of embryophytes can be traced to a time before plants had conquered land and find that the closest algal relatives of land plants, freshwater organisms from the grade of streptophyte algae, possess homologs for key enzymes of specialized metabolic pathways known from land plants.

TL;DR: In this article , the importance of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for the enhanced nucleolar activity of cancer cells and discuss targeting nucleotide synthesis as a strategy to activate nucleolar stress to specifically target cancer cells.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors describe the plasticity of dermal fibroblasts during development and wound healing and how various dFB-derived ECM molecules, including collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycants, fibrillins and matricellular proteins, play a role in regulating the function of dFBs and immune cells.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the mechanisms that cause miscarriage and found that aneuploidy originating in oocytes during meiosis drives the age-related risk of miscarriage.

TL;DR: A review of synapse pathology in Alzheimer's disease can be found in this paper , where the authors discuss the potential for leveraging new synaptome mapping methods to comprehensively understand the molecular properties of vulnerable and resilient synapses.

TL;DR: In this article , a review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fragmentation, repair and transmission of damaged chromosomal material are consistent with the features of chromoanagenesis-related complex chromosomal rearrangements.

TL;DR: Ostreobium is a siphonous green alga in the Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta) that burrows into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) substrates as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: In this article , the current state of vascular-skeletal tissue interactions focusing on osteoblast and hematopoietic stem cells interaction with ECs is discussed.

TL;DR: A growing body of work is now providing a clearer picture on the involvement and mechanistic basis of H2A variant contribution to genome integrity as discussed by the authors , and how alterations in these pathways contribute to human diseases including cancer.

TL;DR: Dickkopf1 (DKK1) was originally identified as a secreted protein that antagonizes Wnt signaling, and evidence is accumulating that DKK1 is involved in tumorigenesis in a manner unrelated to Wnt as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: A review of the current understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep can be found in this paper , where the authors discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying daily sleep timing, and the trajectory of circadian regulation across development.

TL;DR: The marine green macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta, Ulvales), also known as sea lettuce, coexists with a diverse microbiome as discussed by the authors , and the reductionist approach has enabled the study of the bacteria-induced morphogenesis.

TL;DR: In this article , a new class of brain surrogate generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been proposed for studying the intricacies of the human brain by using advancements in stem cell biology to recapitulate aspects of the developing human brain.

TL;DR: In this paper , the pheromone release and sensing, at a mobile surface polarity patch, underlie spatial gradient interpretation to form pairs between two cells of distinct mating types.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a comprehensive update describing various miRNA delivery systems, including virus-based delivery and non-viral delivery, which may be achieved using inorganic nanoparticles, polymer based nano-carriers, lipid-based vesicles, exosomes, and liposomes.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed the data that non-classical androgen and estrogen signaling pathways support processes essential for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract, and concluded that nonclassical signaling is essential for full responses to these hormones, and absence of either non classical or classical AR or ESR1 pathways produces abnormalities in spermatogenesis and male reproductive tract.

TL;DR: The tendon-bone enthesis is an interfacial zone of transitional tissue located between two mechanically dissimilar tissues: compliant, fibrous tendon to rigid, dense mineralized bone as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: A review of the available literature on the subject, including the exosomes mediated transfer of miRNAs between cancer cells and the macrophages within the tumor microenvironment, can be found in this paper .

TL;DR: This article reframed evolutionary novelty and the closely associated phenomenon of co-option by specifying a conceptual model of mechanisms that underwrite character identity, providing a richer and more empirically precise notion of cooption that goes beyond common appeals to "deep homology", and attending to the nature of experimental interventions that can determine whether and how the cooption of identity mechanisms can help to explain novel character origins.

TL;DR: In this article , a review of the literature on pericentromeric satellite DNA and its organization and functions across eukaryotic species is presented, focusing on chromocenters.

TL;DR: In this article , the cellular properties and processes that contribute to nuclear size and shape control are discussed, drawing examples from across eukaryotes and highlighting conserved themes and pathways.

TL;DR: This review provides an account of the history and current understanding of HSat1-3, with a view towards future studies of their evolution and roles in health and disease.

TL;DR: In Drosophila melanogaster, the Toll and Imd signaling pathways are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns to initiate cellular and humoral immune processes that neutralize and kill invaders as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss how hydrostatic pressure is generated at the cellular and tissue level and how the pressure can cause deformations, and highlight and review findings demonstrating the mechanical roles of pressures from fluid-filled lumens and viscous gel-like components of the extracellular matrix.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors highlight cellularization of the Drosophila embryo as a model system to uncover principles of how membrane and actin dynamics are co-regulated in space and time to drive morphogenesis.

TL;DR: The secretory functions of cilia and their biological implications were discussed in this article , where it was shown that cilia shed bioactive EVs (ciliary EVs or ectosomes) by outward budding of the ciliary membrane.

TL;DR: A review of recent imaging studies on the synaptic modification underlying learning and memory can be found in this article , where the authors focus on high-resolution time-lapse imaging in conjunction with fluorescent biosensors and actuators.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors identify innate immune signaling via toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a key driver of persistent fibrotic response in systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) and propose novel anti-fibrotic approaches targeting their signaling.