Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 2002"

TL;DR: Using a framework of universal human needs as a basis for thinking about how places may influence health is suggested, and the testing of hypotheses about specific chains of causation that might link place of residence with health outcomes is recommended.

TL;DR: The results suggest that access to a supportive physical environment is necessary, but may be insufficient to increase recommended levels of physical activity in the community, and that greater emphasis be placed on creating streetscapes that enhance walking for recreation and transport.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that domestic violence is most strongly related to the status of women in a society and to the normative use of violence in conflict situations or as part of the exercise of power.

TL;DR: The rape statistic for the country is currently elusive but levels of non-consensual and coerced sex are clearly very high, and international comparison needs to be approached with caution.

TL;DR: The conceptual model described in this paper clarifies ways in which worker motivation is influenced and how health sector reform can positively affect worker motivation.

TL;DR: To determine how dying patients understand and define the term dignity, in order to develop a model of dignity in the terminally ill, a semi-structured interview was designed to explore how patients cope with their advanced cancer and to detail their perceptions of dignity.

TL;DR: This research highlights a number of features of the programme itself, as well as the broader context within which it was implemented, which are likely to undermine the development of the critical thinking and empowerment which it is argued are key preconditions for programme success.

TL;DR: New information about sleep-related phenomena in cancer patients is provided, information which will be useful in planning supportive care services for cancer patients.

TL;DR: Results show that utilization of maternal health care services is highest in Kerala followed by Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and there was no significant rural-urban gap in the case of antenatal care.

TL;DR: The factors associated with inpatient satisfaction elucidated in this study may be helpful in interpreting patient satisfaction scores when comparing hospitals, services or time periods, in targeting patient groups at risk of worse experiences and in focusing care quality programs.

TL;DR: The relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder using data from the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiological Catchment surveys was found to be negative, with neighborhood disadvantage associated with higher rates of major depression and substance abuse disorder.

TL;DR: The results substantiate the existence of food insecurity among Québecers and confirm that the nature of this experience is consistent with many of the core components identified in upstate New York.

TL;DR: The medicalization of collective suffering and trauma reflects a poor understanding of the relationships among critically important social determinants and the range of possible health outcomes of political violence.

TL;DR: It is hypothesised that a lack of control in the home and work environments affects depression and anxiety differently for women and men and across three social class groups and future investigations of gender inequalities in health incorporate variables associated with control at home and social position.

TL;DR: It is proposed that new ways of thinking are needed about the role of research ethics in promoting moral progress in the research endeavour and improving global health.

TL;DR: The reorganization of health care services is reviewed and how this is reshaping the experience of informal caregivers at home is discussed to further understand the role of caregiving in contributing to the experience and meaning of the home environment by informal caregivers.

TL;DR: There is additional evidence that even short-term non-adherence cannot be reliably predicted on the sole basis of a few a priori patient characteristics that clinicians could easily identify before initiation of HAART, and suggests that a dynamic approach to adherence, continuously monitoring the impact of experience with HAART on patients' daily lives, is needed for improving management of HIV/AIDS care.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted interviews with 30 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) recruited through a national self-help organisation and found pervasive reports of feeling 'freakish', 'abnormal', and not 'proper' women.

TL;DR: This paper explores the interrelationship of gender equity and socioeconomic inequality and how they affect women's health at the macro- (country) and micro- (household and individual) levels and proposes an integrated framework that draws theoretical perspectives from both approaches and from public health.

TL;DR: The similarity in the way women view anemia and react to taking iron tablets was more striking than differences encountered by region, country or ethnic group and resulted in increased demand for prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anemia.

TL;DR: The overall extent of accessibility problems and the existence of inverse care law effects in some rural localities have implications for the NHS, which aims to provide an equitable service to people wherever they live.

TL;DR: A study of the ways in which general practitioners in British Primary Care change their clinical behaviour shows that an emphasis on a 'patient centred' approach establishes an alternative individualised autonomy that seems inimical to the logic of evidence-based medicine.

TL;DR: It is suggested that mothers, although not ill themselves, experience many of the consequences of chronic illness, and prevailing cultural discourses about motherhood, childhood and cancer clearly influence the context in which they care for their child, and shape their reflexive constructions of their experiences.

TL;DR: Three specific, conceptually distinct dimensions of a patient-centred consulting style were operationalised: the 'biopsychosocial perspective', 'sharing power and responsibility' and the 'therapeutic alliance'; the robustness of these findings is considered within the context of study strengths and weaknesses, and implications for future research are discussed.

TL;DR: The findings support the utility of the three components of the socio-behavioral model for explaining why some people choose CM, and suggest that CM clients need to be looked at in more sophisticated ways, rather than being treated simply as a homogenous group with similar beliefs, motivations and needs.

TL;DR: The greater the number of decision-making domains men dominate, the more likely they are to use IPV; however, it is also found that when women dominate household decisions, they are also more likely to experience IPV.

TL;DR: This paper aims to articulate a rationale for focusing on within- as well as between-country health disparities in nations of all per capita income levels, and to suggest relevant reference material, particularly for developing country researchers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the care-giving experiences of informal carers in cancer contexts, drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data generated in a 3 year study in the UK on the psychosocial needs of cancer patients and their main carers.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to understand and address the lived experiences of the nurses, and the duality of their roles as professionals and as community members, before promoting the training of nurses as an effective strategy for dealing with gender-based violence.

TL;DR: The research reported here uses findings from focus groups and in-depth interviews to explore the public's preferences for being involved in particular types of rationing decisions and variations in the willingness of members of the public to be involved in health care decisions.