Showing papers in "The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in 1971"
TL;DR: A method of separation has been developed and applied to radioimmunoassays of insulin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone and arginine vasopressin, which provides several advantages over the double-antibody precipitation method.
Abstract: Aqueous polyethylene glycol causes precipitation of antibody-bound peptide hormones labeled with radioactive iodine with little or no precipitation of free hormones. Based on this finding, a method of separation has been developed and applied to radioimmunoassays of insulin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone and arginine vasopressin. The new method provides several advantages over the double-antibody precipitation method. It appears particularly valuable in immunoassays of substances of low molecular weight.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The method has succeeded in producing specific antisera to the subunits of HCG and testosterone conjugates with one immunization of 20 to 100 μg of immunogen, and the potential of the method for producing specificantisers to glycoprotein and other hormones with limited amounts of purified material prompts this report.
Abstract: We have succeeded in producing specific antisera to the subunits of HCG and testosterone conjugates with one immunization of 20 to 100 μg of immunogen. The potential of the method for producing specific antisera to glycoprotein and other hormones with limited amounts of purified material prompts this report. Materials and Methods CR 100α and CR 100β, the subunits of HCG,. were prepared by Drs. R. E. Canfield and F. Morgan (1). Testosterone-3-(0-carboxymethy1) oxime was coupled to either bovine serum albumin (Armour) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (Calbiochem) (2). Equal volumes of complete Freund's adjuvant, a 0.15 M NaCl solution of the immunogen and dried tubercle bacilli (2.5 mg/ml of total mixture) were homogenized for 5–10 minutes at increasing speeds to maximum setting in a Sorvall Omnimixer. Fur was shaved from the back and proximal limbs of 3 month old New Zealand white rabbits and the emulsion administered intradermally at 30–50 sites so that each animal received a total of 2 ml of the emulsion. At...
1,378 citations
TL;DR: Although great variability was found in both the amount of cortisol secreted and the time spent in secretory activity/hr, the secretory rate was quite constant at approximately .05 mg/min.
Abstract: Plasma cortisol was measured for seven 24-hr periods using the frequent sampling technique (every 20 min) in 6 normal acclimated subjects. A defined sleep-wake schedule was established over 3–5 consecutive nights with polygraphic definition of their sleep patterns. A mean of 9 secretory episodes (range 7–13) occurred over the 24-hr sampling time, the subjects spending an average of 24% of the time in active secretion. It was estimated that, on the average, 16 mg of cortisol was secreted over the 24 hr, with a mean of 66 min half-life of cortisol decay. Although great variability was found in both the amount of cortisol secreted and the time spent in secretory activity/hr, the secretory rate was quite constant at approximately .05 mg/min. A temporal pattern of episodic secretion was recognized, and the 24-hr sleep-wake cycle could be divided into 4 unequal temporal phases: Phase 1. A 6-hr period of “minimal secretory activity” (4 hr before and 2 hr after lights out); Phase 2. A 3-hr period called ...
1,191 citations
TL;DR: Rachitic kidney cytosol is employed in a simple and sensitive method for the determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in human plasma, whereas lifeguards and patients with biliary cirrhosis displayed significantly higher and lower concentrations, respectively.
Abstract: Rachitic kidney cytosol is employed in a simple and sensitive method for the determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) in human plasma. The mean plasma 25-HCC level in 40 volunteers was 27.3 ± 11.8 (SD) ng/ml, whereas lifeguards and patients with biliary cirrhosis displayed significantly higher and lower concentrations, respectively.
846 citations
TL;DR: A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma progesterone was described, using the 21-hemisuccinate of 11-desoxycortisol was coupled to human serum albumin using carbodiimide, and the conjugate was used to immunize 2 ewes.
Abstract: A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma progesterone is described. The 21-hemisuccinate of 11-desoxycortisol was coupled to human serum albumin using carbodiimide, and the conjugate was used to immunize 2 ewes. The antiserum obtained after 8 months of immunization from one of the ewes was used in the assay procedure. Incubation at 4 C overnight of this diluted antiserum was carried out in the presence of 1,2-3H-17-hydroxyprogesterone. Separation of free from bound hormone was achieved by a dextran-coated charcoal suspension. One ml of plasma or serum, with tritiated progesterone added for recovery, was extracted with ether, then chromatographed on a microcolumn of Celite. Recovery of 3H-progesterone after extraction and chromatography was 84.2±4.8% (sd). The sensitivity varied between 10 and 25 pg of progesterone. Recovery experiments of progesterone added to water and plasma confirmed accuracy. Concentration of progesterone in plasma from men averaged 233±64 (sd) pg/ml and from postmeno...
711 citations
TL;DR: The present studies delineated more precisely the time course of adrenal secretory activity in the normal human and patients with Cushing's syndrome, by measurement of plasma corticosteroid and ACTH levels half-hourly throughout the 24 hr cycle.
Abstract: The present studies had 2 objectives: I. To delineate more precisely the time course of adrenal secretory activity in the normal human and patients with Cushing's syndrome, by measurement of plasma corticosteroid and ACTH levels half-hourly throughout the 24 hr cycle. II. To describe hitherto lacking clinically optimal and suitable conditions for determination and definition of the normal circadian pattern of plasma corticosteroid levels (CPOHCS). 1. I. Four control subjects with normal activity sleep and meal time patterns were studied: 3 were restudied during “constant feeding,” 1 was restudied during constant glucose administration and again under different dexamethasone regimens. CPOHCS consisted of 5–10 peaks in a given subject. Fifty to 75% of peaks occurred in a 9 hr period (midnight to 9:00 am) describing a gradual upward course with maximum plasma corticosteroid levels occurring 1/2–2 hr following awakening. A downward trend followed with other peaking activity occurring between 11:30 am...
528 citations
TL;DR: The apparent free testosterone concentration (AFTC) in undiluted plasma was determined in normal adult, (pre)adolescent and hypogonadal males, in male diabetics, as well as in hirsute and pregnant women and in hyperthyroid patients of both sexes.
Abstract: As free non-protein bound testosterone is generally considered to represent the active androgen fraction in plasma, we developed a method, based on equilibrium dialysis of diluted plasma, by which the “apparent free testosterone concentration” (AFTC) in undiluted plasma is obtained. This AFTC was determined in normal adult, (pre)adolescent and hypogonadal males, in male diabetics, as well as in hirsute and pregnant women and in hyperthyroid patients of both sexes. The values were compared with those obtained for total plasma testosterone in the same subjects. The AFTC in normal males age 20–50 yr varied between 5.5 and 20 ng/100 ml and decreased with age; this decrease was already significant in the age group 50–70 yr, whereas total testosterone concentration in these subjects was not different from younger adults. In females, the AFTC varied between 0.2 and 0.75 ng/100 ml. In (pre)adolescent males plasma testosterone levels and AFTC increased in function of sexual maturity, but whereas sometimes...
376 citations
TL;DR: Six clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma have been established from a tumor previously adapted to passage in the hamster cheek pouch, providing systems for the examination of many aspects of placental physiology and biology.
Abstract: Six clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma have been established from a tumor previously adapted to passage in the hamster cheek pouch. All clones have continued to produce chorionic gonadotropin (CG) for over 2 yr. The rates of hormone secretion and growth differed among the clonal lines. In one clone, cell count and CG production showed log increases and plateau phases, but the log phase of CG synthesis occurred as the rate of cell replication slowed. Accordingly, CG production per cell increased progressively with time. These functional cell lines provide systems for the examination of many aspects of placental physiology and biology.
367 citations
TL;DR: Intestinal calcium absorption was twice usual normal levels from the earliest period studied and remained high throughout pregnancy, and there was a 20% increase in miscible calcium pool by term, and an approximate doubling of both pool turnover and bone mineral accretion rates.
Abstract: Fifteen normal pregnant women and 9 female controls of similar age underwent mineral balance and calcium kinetic studies during and after pregnancy 48Ca, a stable isotope, was employed in the pregnant women and specimens were measured by neutron activation analysis Results were related to stage of pregnancy and demonstrated the expected and well documented retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium associated with fetal development In addition, there was a 20% increase in miscible calcium pool by term, and an approximate doubling of both pool turnover and bone mineral accretion rates, both rising progressively with duration of pregnancy Intestinal calcium absorption was twice usual normal levels from the earliest period studied and remained high throughout pregnancy Virtually all these changes reverted to normal non-pregnant levels by 3 months after delivery The importance of maternal adjustments as a component in these changes was emphasized by the presence of significant changes in ac
349 citations
TL;DR: In vitro incubation of homogenates showed conversion of androstenedione-4-14C to estrone and estradiol by diencephalic tissue is consistent with the thesis that androgens may be converted at the central level and that “androgen” effects may be mediated via aromatized products (estrogens).
Abstract: Diencephalic tissue containing median eminence and hypothalamus has been dissected from human male fetuses at 10 and 22 weeks. In vitro incubation of homogenates showed conversion of androstenedione-4-14C to estrone and estradiol by these tissues but not by control cerebral cortex. Aromatization by diencephalic tissue is consistent with the thesis that androgens may be converted at the central level and that “androgen” effects may be mediated via aromatized products (estrogens).
307 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that TRH may be closely related to prolactin releasing factors in crude hypothalamic extracts.
Abstract: Tea normal volunteers received 100 to 800 ug of TRH intravenously. Serum prolactin was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay before and at intervals after TRH administration. Serum prolactin began to rise within 5 minutes and was maximal after 15 to 20 minutes. The mean peak response at 15 minutes was 11 times the fasting level. Serum prolactin had returned to the baseline by 180 minutes. It is concluded that TRH may be closely related to prolactin releasing factors in crude hypothalamic extracts.
TL;DR: A radioimmunoassay was developed using dextran-coated charcoal to separate the free from antibody-bound PGF2α-3H, showing a progressive loss of ability to displace the labeled prostaglandin from the antibodies related to the degree of differences in molecular configuration from the hapten used in the immunization.
Abstract: Antibodies to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were produced in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of PGF2α covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by reaction with carbodiimide reagent. A radioimmunoassay was developed using dextran-coated charcoal to separate the free from antibody-bound PGF2α-3H. The sensitivity of the method was about 100 pg. Butanol was used for extraction of plasma and the various classes of prostaglandins were separated on a small silicic acid column. Recovery of PGF2α-3H through the extraction and separation procedures was 75–85%. Equilibration of PGF1α, PGE2, PGE1 PGA2 and PGB1, with antiserum and PGF2α-3H showed a progressive loss of ability to displace the labeled prostaglandin from the antibodies related to the degree of differences in molecular configuration from the hapten used in the immunization. The method should be sufficiently sensitive, precise, and simple to allow its use in the routine estimation of the F prostaglandins from biological samples.
TL;DR: The assay, utilizing a specific vitamin D binding protein from rat serum, appears to be sufficiently sensitive and specific for practical use in measuring the plasma concentration of D and 25-OH D that normally circulates in animals and man.
Abstract: A competitive binding assay has been developed for measurement of vitamin D and 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH D) The assay, utilizing a specific vitamin D binding protein from rat serum, appears to be sufficiently sensitive and specific for practical use in measuring the plasma concentration of D and 25-OH D that normally circulates in animals and man
TL;DR: A method has been described that permits the measurement of the integrated concentration of growth hormone or any substance whose concentration in blood fluctuates widely and employs a small portable constant withdrawal pump with heparin-coated plastic cannula and tubing that are inserted intravenously through a disposable needle.
Abstract: A method has been described that permits the measurement of the integrated concentration of growth hormone or any substance whose concentration in blood fluctuates widely. This method employs a small portable constant withdrawal pump with heparin-coated plastic cannula and tubing that are inserted intravenously through a disposable needle. Similar metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of 131I-HGH and nonradioactive HGH were found using a constant infusion technique. Changes in position, except for standing totally immovable, did not significantly alter the MCR, nor did it change the concentration of HGH. The true secretion rate of HGH was calculated in 4 normal female volunteers by multiplying their individual MCR of HGH by their integrated concentration of HGH. The secretion rates of HGH in these subjects ranged from 0.65 to 1.51 mg/24 hr. The secretion rate of HGH in an acromegalic patient was found to be 8.08 mg in 24 hr.
TL;DR: Testosterone production rates were found to be elevated in 13 consecutive hirsute women, confirming previous observations and it was apparent that, in 9 of the 13 women studied, the major source of androgen was ovarian.
Abstract: Testosterone production rates were found to be elevated in 13 consecutive hirsute women, confirming previous observations. To determine the origin of the excessive testosterone, percutaneous bilateral adrenal and ovarian vein catheterizations were performed, and effluent blood samples obtained for androgen measurement. Although physical examination and retrograde dye injections failed to reveal ovarian enlargement in any of these patients, testosterone and androstenedione concentrations were higher in ovarian effluents vs. adrenal venous samples. The relative contributions of adrenal and ovarian secretion, and precursor conversion to the total testosterone production rate, were estimated in each patient from kinetic considerations and by relating the effluent concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione to the cortisol secretion rate. From such calculations, it is apparent that, in 9 of the 13 women studied, the major source of androgen was ovarian (direct ovarian secretion of testosterone ...
TL;DR: After intravenous HGH administration, patients with familial dwarfism and high HGH had a smaller rise in plasma FFA than occurred in true pituitary dwarfs and administration of HGH intramuscularly for 4 days induced no rise in plasm...
Abstract: Familial dwarfism with high plasma IR-HGH is a syndrome which is clinically indistinguishable from hereditary monotropic dwarfism due to lack of growth hormone (HGH) secretion. Furthermore, in both types of dwarfism there is a spontaneous hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia nonresponsiveness after the injection of insulin, and a reduced insulin response after arginine infusion. The metabolic and linear growth response to exogenous HGH was studied in 16 patients with this syndrome and compared to that in 19 patients with pituitary dwarfism due to HGH deficiency (isolated or concomitant with other hormones), as well as in 4 newborns and a patient with active acromegaly who had elevated concentrations of HGH in the plasma. A number of important differences in response were observed. After intravenous HGH administration, patients with familial dwarfism and high HGH had a smaller rise in plasma FFA than occurred in true pituitary dwarfs. Administration of HGH intramuscularly for 4 days induced no rise in plasm...
TL;DR: Observations support the hypothesis that serum concentrations of LH and FSH are maintained by brief periods of release followed by periods of little or no release, and suggest that they are released simultaneously and may be contained within the same cell.
Abstract: Serum concentrations of LH and FSH in 49 samples obtained at consecutive hourly intervals from seven women at different phases of the menstrual cycle have been determined by radioimmunoassay. In all cases, hourly analysis indicated that serum concentrations of LH, and possibly FSH, are maintained as a series of peaks of variable magnitude. The sampling interval was too long to permit an exact determination of the frequency of the peaks which appeared to occur at approximately 2½ hour intervals. The largest LH excursions were noted during the ascending and descending phases of the major LH peak at midcycle and during the luteal phase of the cycle. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that serum concentrations of LH, and possibly FSH, are maintained by brief periods of release followed by periods of little or no release.
TL;DR: Free testosterone and 17β-hydroxysteroid indexes were succesively higher in children, females, hirsute females and...
Abstract: The relation of plasma free androgen levels to the pattern of sexual hair was studied. The possibility was explored that plasma free androgen levels in hirsute women might be increased by elevated concentrations of testosterone and other 17β-hydroxysteroids or by low “testosterone binding globulin” (TeBG). Nontestosterone 17β-hydroxysteroids are potentially androgenic, either inherently or by their ability to displace testosterone from binding sites. An index of the free plasma testosterone concentration was calculated as the product of the total concentration and the percentage of testosterone-3H free from TeBG as determined in diluted plasma by a charcoal absorption technique. An index of the free plasma 17β-hydroxysteroids3 and titer of TeBG (expressed as testosterone binding capacity) was obtained from the total concentration and percentage binding of 17β-hydroxysteroids to TeBG. Free testosterone and 17β-hydroxysteroid indexes were succesively higher in children, females, hirsute females and...
TL;DR: No obvious differences between the 4 patients who developed iodide myxedema and the 3 who did not were evident in respect to known duration of the disease, size of goiter, initial level of thyroid function or intensity of the auto-immune process as judged by circulati...
Abstract: Studies were performed in 6 patients with proven Hashimoto's disease and one patient with probable Hashimoto's disease who were initially euthyroid, as judged from clinical findings, serum thyroxine (T4) and serum TSH concentrations. When these patients were given saturated solution of potassium iodide (5 drops containing approximately 180 mg of iodide daily), 4 of the 7 developed hypothyroidism within 4 to 6 weeks as evidenced by clinical findings, subnormal values for serum T4, and elevated values for serum TSH concentration. Values quickly returned to normal when iodides were withdrawn. In the remaining 3 patients, evidence of hypothyroidism did not develop despite continuation of iodide administration for as long as 17–30 weeks. No obvious differences between the 4 patients who developed iodide myxedema and the 3 who did not were evident in respect to known duration of the disease, size of goiter, initial level of thyroid function or intensity of the auto-immune process as judged by circulati...
TL;DR: Plasma prolactin has been found to be elevated acutely following a single intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine in all of twelve endocrinologically normal subjects and in one patient with isolated growth hormone deficiency and two patients with panhypopituitarism.
Abstract: Plasma prolactin has been found to be elevated acutely following a single intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine in all of twelve endocrinologically normal subjects and in one patient with isolated growth hormone deficiency. The peak response occurs 1 to 2 hours following chlorpromazine injection. Two patients with panhypopituitarism showed no response. Pretreatment with L-dopa in normal subjects markedly inhibited the prolactin rise after chlorpromazine. In four patients with chronically elevated plasma prolactin, a single oral dose of L-dopa produced rapid lowering of the prolactin levels. These methods are suggested as useful, tests of pituitary function.
TL;DR: The effect of local adrenal arterial infusion of the heptapeptide (2-8) and hexapeptides (3-3) fragments of angiotensin 11 on a aldosterone secretion was examined.
Abstract: The effect of local adrenal arterial infusion of the heptapeptide (2-8) and hexapeptide (3-8) fragments of angiotensin 11 on a aldosterone secretion was examined. The heptapeptide (2-8) resembled the octapeptide in activity and stimulated aldosterone whereas the hexapeptide (3-8) had no effect.
TL;DR: Benzene and methanol in different proportions, with and without methylene chloride or chloroform, were found to be the most suitable systems for the separation of the 3 classic estrogens.
Abstract: Several solvent systems are described for the separation of neutral and phenolic steroids. Benzene and methanol in different proportions, with and without methylene chloride or chloroform, were found to be the most suitable systems for the separation of the 3 classic estrogens. Heptane, isooctane, hexane and cyclohexane were the basic solvents used for the chromatography of various neutral steroids. These systems required the addition of small amounts of either benzene, ethyl acetate or chloroform together with methanol. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography offers several features which make it particularly useful in steroid assay procedures such as competitive protein binding and radioimmunoassay.
TL;DR: Prior to operation, the basal urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol and estriol was much increased above that of a normal man but it became normal after gonadectomy, and both before and after adrenal stimulation, the plasma androgens showed the pattern and concentrations of androstenedione.
Abstract: A patient with familial male pseudohermaphroditism was considered to be a normal female up to the time of puberty. At puberty, she had normal breast development but there was simultaneous enlargement of the clitoris and the body hair developed with a male distribution. The internal genitalia were male in type. Under basal conditions, the plasma concentration of testosterone (T) was low for a male subject but plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) were 2–3 times higher than those of normal men. The plasma level of androstenedione (Δ) was 10 times normal. Following gonadectomy, the pattern of plasma androgens was similar to that of a normal woman. Prior to operation, the basal urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol and estriol was much increased above that of a normal man but it became normal after gonadectomy. Eighteen months after gonadectomy, both before and after adrenal stimulation, the plasma androgens showed the pattern and concentrations exp...
TL;DR: Serum TSH levels were measured before and after giving synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) to normal subjects and to patients with thyroid or pituitary disease to find patients with primary hypothyroidism had an exaggerated response to TRH.
Abstract: Serum TSH levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after giving synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) to normal subjects and to patients with thyroid or pituitary disease. Normal individuals responded to TRH with reproducible dose-related increments in serum TSH. Females tended to show a greater response to a given dose of TRH than did males, but sex dependent differences were usually not significant. Daily testing with TRH blunted the TSH response; alternate day testing showed less blunting in preliminary studies. Hyperthyroid patients had undetectable baseline TSH levels; seven of nine failed to respond to TRH. Patients with primary hypothyroidism had an exaggerated response to TRH. Treatment with dexamethasone suppressed their elevated baseline TSH levels but not the response to TRH. Euthyroid patients with pituitary lesions were tested with TRH and were found to have intact TSH reserve in most cases. In general, pituitary surgery or radiation obliterated the response to TRH...
TL;DR: In 4 studies in a normal man it was demonstrated that dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) was secreted episodically and synchronously with cortisol, and a high degree of biological activity can be implied for DHA.
Abstract: In 4 studies in a normal man it was demonstrated that dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) was secreted episodically and synchronously with cortisol. The studies were done at 20-min intervals in the early morning (0340–0720 hr) and in the late afternoon (1540–1920 hr). A double isotope derivative method was developed for measurement of the low concentrations of DHA in plasma. DHA never reached zero concentration in plasma, whereas cortisol did. This is explained by the contribution to DHA by hydrolysis of the relatively abundant circulating DHA sulfate. Because of the low plasma concentration a high degree of biological activity can be implied for DHA, the function of which is at present unknown.
TL;DR: Serum luteinizing hormone levels were determined every 15 minutes, between 6:00 a.
Abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined every 15 minutes, between 6:00 a. m. and 6:00 p. m., in four normally active men. Each subject demonstrated a repetitive pattern of abrupt elevations throughout the day. Twenty-one elevations were found during the total of 48 hours of monitoring. In the four volunteers, ratios of the highest to lowest levels of gonadotropin during the 12 hours ranged from 2.1–2.9. Individual or averaged concentrations of LH may not completely characterize pituitary-gonadal relationships.
TL;DR: The post-treatment incidence of abnormally high serum TSH levels was lower in a group of patients with tumors involving the neck region who received irradiation without prior lymphangiography, and in patients whose field of irradiation did not include the neck.
Abstract: Seventy-seven of 174 patients (44%) with lymphomas who had lymphangiography and who received high-dose bilateral neck irradiation developed elevated serum TSH concentrations. Many of the elevations were recorded during the first post-treatment year. Elevated serum TSH values were observed with a higher frequency in treated patients under 20 yr of age. In untreated (X-irradiation) Hodgkin's disease, serum TSH levels were normal. Similarly, normal values were seen in patients whose field of irradiation did not include the neck. Nineteen patients developed radiation-induced pericarditis; 16 of the 19 had elevated serum TSH levels and 9 were clinically hypothyroid. Twenty-five patients (11%) developed clinical hypothyroidism and/or showed evidence of thyroid hypofunction by laboratory test other than serum TSH. The post-treatment incidence of abnormally high serum TSH levels was lower in a group of patients with tumors involving the neck region who received irradiation without prior lymphangiography,...
TL;DR: A simple, sensitive, specific and precise radioimmunoassay for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) is described, which appears particularly useful for measuring T4 in serum of infants and small experir mental animals where sample availability may be limited.
Abstract: A simple, sensitive, specific and precise radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) is described. The RIA employs rabbit anti-thyroglobulin antiserum as the T4-binding protein. The precision, reproducibility and practicality of the RIA are comparable to those of competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) using serum TBG as the T4-binding protein. However, the higher sensitivity and thereby a more extended standard curve of the RIA allows measurements of T4 in a larger range (1.2 to 40.0 ug per 100 ml) using 1/4 the sample volume required for the CPBA. The RIA appears particularly useful for measuring T4. in serum of infants and small experir mental animals where sample availability may be limited.
TL;DR: The large quantity of immunologically reactive ACTH found in the tumor as well as marked fluctuations in blood ACTH levels support the view that the periodicity in adrenal steroid production which was observed was due toperiodicity in ACTH production by the tumor.
Abstract: Evidence for periodicity in adrenocortical production of cortisol and 17-ketosteroids was found during study of a patient with a very slow growing carcinoid-type malignant bronchial adenoma. The tumor caused adrenocortical hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome as well as the superior vena caval syndrome. The large quantity of immunologically reactive ACTH found in the tumor as well as marked fluctuations in blood ACTH levels support the view that the periodicity in adrenal steroid production which was observed was due to periodicity in ACTH production by the tumor. The cyclical changes in cortisol production were of large magnitude and the peak-to-peak cycle length, as estimated during 2 cycles, was approximately 18 days. During the cycles, urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) varied from normal to as high as 150 mg/day. Cyclical variations in renal sodium excretion also occurred and were not related to the rate of 17-OHCS excretion or to aldosterone excretion. Aldosterone excretion rates wer...
TL;DR: The data support previous suggestions that pituitary secretion of FSH in men, unlike that of LH, may be regulated by some product of the germinal epithelium rather than by testosterone alone.
Abstract: A group of 17 virile men ages 18–36 with idiopathic oligospermia or idiopathic aspermia had a mean serum FSH concentration (30±5 se μg LER 907/100 ml, immunoassay) significantly higher (p <0.001) than that of 49 normal men of the same age span (10±1) or 3 men with cystic fibrosis (18±1), but significantly lower (p <0.001) than serum FSH in 11 men with the Klinefelter syndrome (114±8). Among the oligoaspermics there was an inverse correlation (p <0.01) between the sperm count and serum FSH concentration. There was no significant difference in mean serum testosterone or LH concentrations among idiopathic oligoaspermics, cystics and normals, but the Klinefelters showed decreased serum testosterone and increased LH. These data support previous suggestions that pituitary secretion of FSH in men, unlike that of LH, may be regulated by some product of the germinal epithelium rather than by testosterone alone.