Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2022"

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date, which can be divided into five broad components: number of deaths where infection played a role, proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, proportionof infectious syndrome deaths attributed to a particular pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antibiotic of interest, and the excess risk of death or duration of an infection associated with this resistance.

TL;DR: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of AMR, as well as an evaluation of the availability of data, and estimates aggregated to the global and regional level.

TL;DR: In this article , the clinical severity of COVID-19 omicron variant using S gene target failure (SGTF) on the Thermo Fisher Scientific TaqPath COVID19 PCR test as a proxy was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models.

TL;DR: In this paper , the relative risk of hospital attendance or admission within 14 days, or death within 28 days after confirmed infection, was estimated using proportional hazards regression, with higher reductions for more severe endpoints and significant variation with age.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression as a variable selection mechanism and selected 15 covariates, including both covariates pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as seroprevalence, and to background population health metrics such as the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, with direction of effects on excess mortality concordant with a meta-analysis by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

TL;DR: The risk of severe outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection is substantially lower for omicron than for delta, with higher reductions for more severe endpoints and significant variation with age.

TL;DR: It is estimated that 18·2 million people died worldwide because of the COVID-19 pandemic (as measured by excess mortality) over that period, and the number of excess deaths was largest in the regions of south Asia, north Africa and the Middle East, and eastern Europe.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the evidence for the duration of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes, and to assess changes in the rates of breakthrough infection caused by the delta variant with increasing time since vaccination was conducted as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: COVID-19 vaccine efficacy or effectiveness against severe disease remained high, although it did decrease somewhat by 6 months after full vaccination, and the decrease is likely caused by, at least in part, waning immunity.

TL;DR: This paper focuses on the pathophysiology of mitral regurgitation, which involves volume overload of the left ventricle and ventricular dysfunction, and the role of the mitral valve in this problem.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors collected data from participants who were self-reporting test results and symptoms in the ZOE COVID app (previously known as the COVID Symptoms Study App) to quantify the differences in symptom prevalence, risk of hospital admission, and symptom duration among the vaccinated population.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated if segmentectomy was non-inferior to lobectomy in patients with small-sized peripheral NSCLC and found that segmentectomy should be the standard surgical procedure for this population of patients.

TL;DR: The prevalence of symptoms that characterise an omicron infection differs from those of the delta SARS-CoV-2 variant, apparently with less involvement of the lower respiratory tract and reduced probability of hospital admission.

TL;DR: In this article , a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study was done in three sexual health clinics in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain to investigate clinical and virological characteristics of cases of human monkeypox in Spain.

TL;DR: Zahradník et al. as discussed by the authors reported that omicron is highly transmissible, in a population where 60% already show serological evidence of previous infection or vaccination; although early reports do not indicate more severe disease.

TL;DR: In this cohort, monkeypox caused genital, perianal, and oral lesions and complications including proctitis and tonsillitis, which suggests close contact is probably the dominant transmission route in the current outbreak.

TL;DR: The RHH-001 study as mentioned in this paper assessed whether a third dose of the homologous or a different vaccine could boost immune responses in Brazilian adults who had received two doses of CoronaVac 6 months previously.

TL;DR: The most recent SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern to emerge has been named omicron as mentioned in this paper , which has triggered calls to intensify vaccination programmes including provision of vaccine booster doses.

TL;DR: The RECOVERY trial as mentioned in this paper evaluated the efficacy and safety of casirivimab and imdevimab administered in combination in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.

TL;DR: Whether a third dose of the homologous or a different vaccine could boost immune responses and non-inferiority of anti-spike IgG antibodies 28 days after the booster dose in the heterologous boost groups compared with homologueous regimen is assessed.

TL;DR: Improved overall survival was observed consistently across all predefined subgroups in the segmentectomy group, and this study was the first phase 3 trial to show the benefits of segmentectomy versus lobectomy in overall survival.

TL;DR: Cheung et al. as mentioned in this paper assessed the potential risk of various feature mutations on BA.2 and found that these mutations showed no significance in their distributions between severe to critical and mild to moderate COVID-19, suggesting that the observed disease severity is probably mainly attributed to comorbidities.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) to estimate RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection incidence, hospital admission, and in-hospital mortality both globally and regionally (by country development status and by World Bank Income Classification) in 2019.

TL;DR: It is found that the observed disease severity is probably mainly attributed to comorbidities, and the strict and comprehensive pandemic control strategies in Shanghai are therefore to reduce the number of people infected and to provide early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for severe COVID-19 so that the case fatality rate can be minimised, and to buy time for full vaccination coverage.

TL;DR: The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism as mentioned in this paper proposes an evidence-based, stepped-care, and personalised approach for intervention and assessment in autism, involving multiple providers, with referral for the necessary support and services as the need arises.

TL;DR: Varsavsky et al. as mentioned in this paper used self-reported data from the COVID Symptom Study app to identify the relative odds of long COVID (defined following the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines as having new or ongoing symptoms 4 weeks or more after the start of acute COVID-19) in the UK during the omicron period compared with the delta period.

TL;DR: The impact of climate change on health, social, and economic issues was highlighted in the 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown as mentioned in this paper , where the authors pointed out that climate change is increasingly affecting the foundations of human health and wellbeing, exacerbating the vulnerability of the world's populations to concurrent health threats.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a Bayesian multilevel model to jointly estimate lifetime and past year intimate partner violence by age, year, and country, adjusted for heterogeneous age groups and differences in outcome definition.

TL;DR: Aspirin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its anti-thrombotic properties as discussed by the authors , and a 1:1 ratio to either usual standard care plus 150 mg aspirin once per day until discharge or usual standard of care alone using web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment.