Showing papers in "Toxicological Sciences in 1989"

TL;DR: In the present study rats were dosed from weaning, through puberty and gestation, to Day 15 of lactation with methoxychlor at 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day and the fertility of treated males was not reduced when they were mated with untreated females and when the females were bred with untreated or similarly treated males.

TL;DR: It would seem that if humans develop thyroid tumors following long-term derangement in thyroid-pituitary status, they may be less sensitive than the commonly used animal models.

TL;DR: A test which is a simple modification of the linear trend test in proportions and which has the same advantages but fails to correct for treatment-related differences in survival across the experimental groups is proposed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that diazepam or high doses of atropine can antagonize the development of brain lesions that result from soman exposure and no single drug or drug combination was effective in protecting all animals in a group from some brain pathology.

TL;DR: Data show that the structure of the phthalate diester determines the degree of dermal absorption in the rat, and that this compound was poorly absorbed and showed almost no urinary excretion.

TL;DR: Evidence was obtained that most or all of the hm6dA observed can be explained by this reaction, and an improved method to determine the amount of H14CHO bound to DNA was developed: the DNA is hydrolyzed in Tris buffer and analyzed by HPLC, and the released H14 CHO is derivatized with dimedone and quantitated by LSC.

TL;DR: GaAs affects both humoral and cellular immune parameters in mice and impairs the ability of the immune system to protect against B16F10 tumor challenge and Natural killer cell activity against the YAC-1 mouse lymphoma was enhanced in treated mice.

TL;DR: Results of 48 continuous breeding reproduction (RACB) studies are summarized and control data from these studies are used to determine the statistical sensitivity of each endpoint from different parts of these studies.

TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical technique is proposed for studying the consequences of incorporating the intrapopulation variability of biologically interpretable parameters into the risk assessment process, which can increase the variability of safe dose estimates an appreclable amount.

TL;DR: Severity and duration of renal injury produced by low levels of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) were examined in the rat as mentioned in this paper, where the rat was characterized histologically by cellular and tubular necrosis of pars recta of proximal tubule (S2 and S3), with less severe cellular injury to thick ascending limb of loop of Henle and collecting tubule.

TL;DR: Toxicity of DPP had a strong male component and female component, whereas DPrP was more toxic to the female than the male reproductive system, and a comparison of seven phthalate esters tested indicates the relative order of reproductive toxicity as diethyl hexyl, dihexyl, dipentyl, dibutyl, Dipropyl; diethyle and dioctyl are nontoxic.

TL;DR: It is suggested that occurrence of sarcoma at the implantation site constitutes a complication, albeit rare, of implanted orthopedic prostheses.

TL;DR: A number of factors may influence tumor rates in rodent carcinogenicity studies, including the animal room environment, genetic differences, food consumption/weight gain, survival/age of the animals, identification of gross lesions, pathology sampling procedures and preparation of the histology slides, and histopathologic diagnosis.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that most alterations caused by TCDD were essentially similar in both strains, and a highly significant interaction on thyroid-stimulating hormone was found among strain, dose, and time.

TL;DR: Quantitation of ocular irritation from changes in corneal thickness provides objective, numerical data applicable to standard parametric statistical procedures and should eliminate the subjective bias inherent to Draize scoring and decrease intra- and interlaboratory variability.

TL;DR: The most sensitive parameter for nickel toxicity was histopathologic change in the lungs of exposed animals were chronic active inflammation, fibrosis, and alveolar macrophage hyperplasia were associated with nickel exposure.

TL;DR: Long-term exposure to contaminated groundwater may represent a risk to the immune system in humans, andaired-water studies indicated that the immune effects were related to chemical exposure and not to decreased water intake.

TL;DR: Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a by-product of drinking water disinfection formed by reaction of chlorine with background organic materials, was evaluated for its developmental effects in pregnant Long-Evans rats.

TL;DR: It is shown that dietary sodium arsenite causes a dose-dependent decrease of feed consumption and body weight, and weight loss is caused by decreased feed consumption, not by the direct effect of the Sodium arsenite.

TL;DR: Overall, the study demonstrated a substantial reduction in the biological activity of smoke from the test cigarette when compared with the reference.

TL;DR: A new compartmental model of long-term retention of inhaled insoluble particles deposited in the alveolar region of the lung is proposed, and a basic set of model parameters predicts that, at moderate particle deposition rates, retention is limiting itself by establishing a steady state, and theAlveolar burden is almost completely eliminated during the postexposure period.

TL;DR: Dysfunction of the eighth nerve is induced by high-dose lead exposure, but that lead exposure does not induce electrophysiological dysfunction of the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis.

TL;DR: Results were supportive of the ability of FEN to inhibit the catabolism of DOPAC to HVA, with a subsequent increase in DA levels.

TL;DR: Polybromodiphenyl oxide (PBDPO), a potential flame retardant additive in thermoplastics and thermosets, was tested for its embryo/fetal toxicity and teratogenicity in pregnant rabbits.

TL;DR: The total weight of evidence currently available does not support a conclusion that the phenoxy herbicides present a carcinogenic hazard to humans, and the retrospective cohort and case-control epidemiology studies offer the advantage of having focused on occupational groups believed to have had the highest exposures.

TL;DR: Results showed that theGI tract contained 16-31% of the total activity, indicating significant clearance from the large airways and nose to the GI tract during the Exposure and during the 10-15 min between the cessation of the exposure and the removal of the organs.

TL;DR: It was concluded that the edematogenic effect of H2S in the lungs cannot be reproduced by injection of NaHS, and the severity of lung edema induced by a peracute exposure to H2 S was extensive enough to account for death.

TL;DR: The results indicate that streptozotocin (STZ) is not toxic to renal proximal tubules and that diabetes attenuation of cisplatin nephrotoxicity is dependent on the severity of the diabetic state.

TL;DR: Sperm morphology and percentage motile sperm were not statistically different from control values in both ejaculated and cauda epididymal samples from ECH-treated animals, consistent with the spermatozoal metabolic lesions reported for alpha-chlorohydrin, a metabolite of ECH.

TL;DR: It is shown that the reduction of alveolar clearance from the lungs at excessive burdens is caused by a reduction of macrophage mobility at high particle burdens and increasing number of deposited particles entering the interstitial space.