Showing papers in "Waste Management & Research in 2006"

TL;DR: A wide range of respirometric protocols have been reported based either on CO2 production, O2 uptake or release of heat as discussed by the authors, and the most common methods are those based on O 2 uptake.

TL;DR: It was found that the material and the financial flows of e-waste in China had their own specific characteristics and it will be difficult for formal facilities to compete with the informal processes for the reasons identified during the study.

TL;DR: The EASEWASTE model can identify the most environmentally sustainable solution, which may differ among waste materials and regions and can add valuable information about environmental achievements from each process in a solid waste management system.

TL;DR: To predict FW production for 2025 if present management practices are maintained, and to compare the impact of encouraging people to stay in rural areas and composting 75% of their FW, a relationship was established between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and the population percentage living in urban areas (%UP), as well as production of municipal solid waste (MSW) and UFW.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the existing literature in order to highlight the opportunities and challenges facing decision makers in increasing the involvement of the public at different stages of the waste facility management process is presented.

TL;DR: A case study implemented in Beijing, the capital city of China, is presented with the purpose of predicting the amount of obsolete equipment for five main kinds of electronic appliances from urban households and to analyse the flow after the end of their useful phase.

TL;DR: A model capable of quantifying the potential environmental impacts of agricultural application of composted or anaerobically digested source-separated organic municipal solid waste is presented and a range of benefits, mainly related to improved soil quality from long-term application of the processed organic waste, could not be generally quantified with respect to the chosen life cycle assessment impact categories and were therefore not included in the model.

TL;DR: The paper addresses the problems arising in getting cost estimates from scattered and limited published data and discusses the proper use of statistical analyses in such cases of fragmented data, and suggests a procedure for generating cost functions relating initial set-up cost and operating cost with facility size.

TL;DR: It was observed that properties such as compressive strength showed a decrease of up to 10% as the percentage of recycled concrete aggregates increased, and water absorption was found to be greater than natural aggregates, and this needs to be compensated during mix design.

TL;DR: A new computer based life cycle assessment model (EASE-WASTE) was used to evaluate a municipal solid waste system with the purpose of identifying environmental benefits and disadvantages by anaerobic digestion of source-separated household waste and incineration.

TL;DR: The problems and their possible solutions to obtain leachable slag are highlighted and titanium carbide or carbonitride formation is not desirable as it leads to resistance to the leaching of titanium.

TL;DR: The present report focuses on the determination of maximum waste volumes that may be handled by this new recycling option, and potential adverse effects on the saving of resources and climate protection have been analysed.

TL;DR: A laboratory study regarding the reuse of waste foundry sand in asphalt concrete production by replacing a certain portion of aggregate with WFS showed that replacement of 10% aggregates with waste foundries sand was found to be the most suitable for asphalt concrete mixtures.

TL;DR: The recycled products were proved to comply with threshold values defined by the European directive on the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) and the German Chemikalienverbotsverordnung and exhibited high tensile and flexural modules as well as slight impact strength, which qualify the products for applications in new electronic equipment.

TL;DR: The results of the study demonstrate the need for strict enforcement of legal provisions and a better environmental management system for the disposal of biomedical waste in the Balrampur Hospital, as well as other healthcare establishments in Lucknow.

TL;DR: The proposed model can serve as a powerful tool to address the environmental problems associated with exponentially growing quantities of computer waste which are presently being managed using rudimentary methods of reuse, recovery and disposal by various small-scale vendors.

TL;DR: The material is unlikely to cause significant change in the redox condition of the subsurface environment over a long-term period, and is suitable to be used as a fill material for land reclamation.

TL;DR: No clear signs of water-draining contamination were observed during the first year after the application of AC and PS; however, the nitrate leaching in soil treated with MWC slightly exceeded the limit allowed for the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/CE.

TL;DR: It was found that high mobilization of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) takes place under strong acidic conditions (pH ≅ 2).

TL;DR: This paper compiles published data on concentration ranges of PCDD/F and the related compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), chlorinated benzenes and phenols, as well as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in solid residues from waste incineration in grate furnaces and their development since 1985.

TL;DR: The water-spreading biofilter was shown to generally perform as well as the compost biofilter, and it may be easier to implement at a landfill and require less maintenance.

TL;DR: A fuzzy technique was used to develop a model to predict the methane generation rate constant, k, for landfills and the model predictions are reasonably accurate.

TL;DR: The impact of wind turbulence-induced pressure fluctuations at the soil surface on landfill gas transport and emissions to the atmosphere at an old Danish landfill site was investigated using stochastic modelling combined with soil property and gas transport data measured at the site.

TL;DR: Vitrification was selected as the technology for the treatment of the toxic waste under investigation as it showed very good chemical durability and has a large application potential especially as construction and building materials.

TL;DR: A model based on unsaturated consolidation theory and considering the biodegradation process is introduced to simulate the landfill settlement behaviour and can generally model the typical features of short-term and long-term behaviour.

TL;DR: A case study estimating the environmental impacts from land application of 1 ton of composted source sorted organic household waste was performed to compare the results from the different models and investigate the origin of any difference in type or magnitude of the results.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the gold tailings used in the cement are blended with silica fume and C-type fly ash to obtain higher compressive strength values.

TL;DR: The results showed that it is possible to produce triaxial ceramics by using such alternative raw materials as sand from cast iron moulds as a raw material instead of silica, and recycled glass in place of feldspar.

TL;DR: The treatment system efficiently reduced organic pollutants, heavy metals, and nitrogen/phosphorous compounds to a low level in the treatment ponds and ammonium-N was efficiently transformed to nitrate-N in the SP-system.

TL;DR: Investigation of the treatment of flotation waste from copper slag by a thermal method and its use as an iron source in the production of inorganic brown and black pigments that are used in the ceramic industry showed that flotation Waste from Copper slag could be used as anIron source to produce brown andblack pigments in both ceramic body and glazes.