A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
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Citations
QoF: Towards comprehensive path quality measurement in wireless sensor networks
An Experimental Low-Cost, Low-Data-Rate Rapid Structural Assessment Network
MCLMR: A Multicriteria Based Multipath Routing in the Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Performance Evaluation of a MANET Tested for Different Topologies
Stability metric based routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks
References
Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks
Energy-efficient communication protocols for wireless microsensor networks
Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (16)
Q2. What have the authors stated for future works in "A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing" ?
Several aspects of ETX could be improved in the future: its predictions of loss ratios for different packet sizes, particularly for 802.
Q3. What is the way to minimize the distance traveled by each hop?
Minimizing the hop-count maximizes the distance traveled by each hop, which is likely to minimize signal strength and maximize the loss ratio.
Q4. What does the node do in the event of a transmission failure?
The nodes do not perform packet salvage, in which forwarding nodes, in the event of a transmission failure or received route error, attempt to find alternate routes for queued packets.
Q5. What is the effect of a transmission failure on the neighbor?
If a transmission failure occurs when forwarding a route reply, the neighbor to which the node was trying to forward the reply is added to the blacklist, with an entry of unidirectionality probable.
Q6. What is the effect of delay-use modification on DSDV?
The delay-use modification causes DSDV to delay using a newly received route until it is permitted to advertise the route (i.e. 2×WST has passed).
Q7. Why is ETX’s gain more pronounced to the left of the graph?
the small packets are still useful for detecting very asymmetric links, which is why ETX’s gain over minimum is more pronounced to the left of the graph, where hop-count used very asymmetric links.
Q8. How long does the source wait before initiating the route request?
In DSR experiments with ETX, the source waits an additional 15 seconds before initiating the route request, to give the nodes time to accumulate link measurements.
Q9. How many ACK packets are used in the experiment?
ACK packets are only 38 bytes in total, including all 802.11b overhead, while the 134-byte data packets used in most of the experiments are 193 bytes with 802.11b overhead.
Q10. How many bytes of data payload is in the following measurements?
Each data packet in the following measurements consists of 24 bytes of 802.11b preamble, 31 bytes of 802.11b and Ethernet encapsulation header, 134 bytes of data payload, and 4 bytes of frame check sequence: 193 bytes in total.
Q11. What is the problem with a full queue?
If a node is sending large volumes of data, there is a danger that probe packets or routing protocol packets may be dropped or delayed due to a full queue.
Q12. What is the expected number of transmissions?
Because each attempt to transmit a packet can be considered a Bernoulli trial, the expected number of transmissions is:ETX = 1df × dr (1)ETX has several important characteristics:• ETX is based on delivery ratios, which directly affect throughput.•
Q13. Why do the points in Figure 7 lie below the y = x line?
The points for two pairs in Figure 7 lie well below the y = x line; this is because of variations in link quality between the ETX and minimum hop-count tests for those pairs.
Q14. How many packets per second can a single-hop route deliver?
A single-hop direct route can deliver up to about 450 packets per second, but the fastest two-hop route has only half that capacity.
Q15. What is the reason why the shortest route has a low loss ratio?
The minimum hop-count routes are slow because they include links with high loss ratios, which cause bandwidth to be consumed by retransmissions.
Q16. What is the definition of minimum hop-count?
Minimum hop-count is using links that deliver routing updates in one direction but deliver few or no data packets in the other, while ETX correctly avoids those links.