Journal ArticleDOI
A new look at the saturn system: the voyager 2 images.
Bradford A. Smith,Laurence A. Soderblom,R. M. Batson,Patricia Bridges,Jay L. Inge,Harold Masursky,Eugene M. Shoemaker,Reta Beebe,Joseph M. Boyce,G. A. Briggs,Anne Bunker,Stewart A. Collins,Candice Hansen,Torrence V. Johnson,Jim L. Mitchell,Richard J. Terrile,A. F. Cook,Jeffrey N. Cuzzi,James B. Pollack,G. Edward Danielson,Andrew P. Ingersoll,Merton E. Davies,Garry E. Hunt,David Morrison,Tobias Owen,Carl Sagan,Joseph Veverka,Robert G. Strom,Verner E. Suomi +28 more
TLDR
Within Saturn's rings, the "birth" of a spoke has been observed, and surprising azimuthal and time variability is found in the ringlet structure of the outer B ring, leading to speculations about Saturn's internal structure and about the collisional and thermal history of the rings and satellites.Abstract:
Voyager 2 photography has complemented that of Voyager I in revealing many additional characteristics of Saturn and its satellites and rings. Saturn's atmosphere contains persistent oval cloud features reminiscent of features on Jupiter. Smaller irregular features track out a pattern of zonal winds that is symmetric about Saturn's equator and appears to extend to great depth. Winds are predominantly eastward and reach 500 meters per second at the equator. Titan has several haze layers with significantly varying optical properties and a northern polar "collar" that is dark at short wavelengths. Several satellites have been photographed at substantially improved resolution. Enceladus' surface ranges from old, densely cratered terrain to relatively young, uncratered plains crossed by grooves and faults. Tethys has a crater 400 kilometers in diameter whose floor has domed to match Tethys' surface curvature and a deep trench that extends at least 270° around Tethys' circumference. Hyperion is cratered and irregular in shape. Iapetus' bright, trailing hemisphere includes several dark-floored craters, and Phoebe has a very low albedo and rotates in the direction opposite to that of its orbital revolution with a period of 9 hours. Within Saturn's rings, the "birth" of a spoke has been observed, and surprising azimuthal and time variability is found in the ringlet structure of the outer B ring. These observations lead to speculations about Saturn's internal structure and about the collisional and thermal history of the rings and satellites.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dusty plasmas in the solar system
TL;DR: The processes that lead to charging of dust grains in a plasma are briefly reviewed in this article, where it is shown that the radial transport of dust contained in the spokes may be responsible for the rich radial structure in Saturn's rings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Voyager 2 at neptune: imaging science results.
Bradford A. Smith,L. A. Soderblom,Don Banfield,C. D. Barnet,Alexander T. Basilevsky,Reta Beebe,K. Bollinger,Joseph M. Boyce,André Brahic,G. A. Briggs,Robert H. Brown,Christopher F. Chyba,Stewart A. Collins,Tim R. Colvin,A. F. Cook,David Crisp,Steven K. Croft,Dale P. Cruikshank,Jeffrey N. Cuzzi,G. E. Danielson,Merton E. Davies,E. De Jong,Luke Dones,D. Godfrey,Jay D. Goguen,I. Grenier,V. R. Haemmerle,Heidi B. Hammel,Candice Hansen,c. P. Helfenstein,Chris Howell,G. E. Hunt,Andrew P. Ingersoll,Torrence V. Johnson,Jeffrey S. Kargel,R. L. Kirk,D. I. Kuehn,Sanjay S. Limaye,Harold Masursky,Alfred S. McEwen,David Morrison,Tobias Owen,William M. Owen,James B. Pollack,Carolyn C. Porco,K. Rages,P. Rogers,D. Rudy,C. Sagan,Joel M. Schwartz,Eugene M. Shoemaker,Mark R. Showalter,Bruno Sicardy,Damon P. Simonelli,John R. Spencer,Lawrence A. Sromovsky,Carol R. Stoker,Robert G. Strom,Verner E. Suomi,S. P. Synott,Richard J. Terrile,Peter C. Thomas,W. R. Thompson,A. Verbiscer,J. Veverka +64 more
TL;DR: New Voyager 2 images of Neptune reveal a windy planet characterized by bright clouds of methane ice suspended in an exceptionally clear atmosphere above a lower deck of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia ices, dominated by a large anticyclonic storm system that has been named the Great Dark Spot.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume
Candice Hansen,Larry W. Esposito,A. I. F. Stewart,Joshua Colwell,Amanda R. Hendrix,Wayne Pryor,Donald E. Shemansky,Robert A. West +7 more
TL;DR: The Cassini spacecraft flew close to Saturn's small moon Enceladus three times in 2005 and observed stellar occultations on two flybys and confirmed the existence, composition, and regionally confined nature of a water vapor plume in the south polar region of Ence Gladus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colloquium : Fundamentals of dust-plasma interactions
Padma Kant Shukla,Bengt Eliasson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the underlying physics of different forces that act on a charged dust grain is reviewed, including wakefield and ion focusing effects and dipole-dipole interactions between unevenly charged dust rods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cratering Rates in the Outer Solar System
TL;DR: In this article, the number of ecliptic comets is used to determine impact cratering rates from Jupiter to Pluto, where the size-number distribution of comets smaller than 20 km is inferred from impact craters on Europa, Ganymede, and Triton.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Bradford A. Smith,Laurence A. Soderblom,Reta Beebe,Joseph M. Boyce,Geoffery Briggs,Anne Bunker,Stewart A. Collins,Candice Hansen,Torrence V. Johnson,Jim L. Mitchell,R. J. Terrile,Michael H. Carr,Allen F. Cook,Jeffrey N. Cuzzi,James B. Pollack,G. Edward Danielson,Andrew P. Ingersoll,Merton E. Davies,Garry E. Hunt,Harold Masursky,Eugene M. Shoemaker,David Morrison,Tobias Owen,Carl Sagan,Joseph Veverka,Robert G. Strom,Verner E. Suomi +26 more
TL;DR: As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies, including small inner satellites that interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: During the passage of Voyager 1 through the Saturn system, the infrared instrument acquired spectral and radiometric data on Saturn, the rings, and Titan and other satellites, implying a depletion of helium in the atmosphere of Saturn relative to that of Jupiter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melting of Io by Tidal Dissipation
TL;DR: The dissipation of tidal energy in Jupiter's satellite Io is likely to have melted a major fraction of the mass, and consequences of a largely molten interior may be evident in pictures of Io's surface returned by Voyager I.
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