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A Practical Algorithm for Solving Dynamic Membrane Equations

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TLDR
Many investigators work with the Hodgkin-Huxley model of membrane behavior or extensions thereof, in which action potentials are found as solutions of simultaneous non-linear differential equations which must be solved using numerical techniques on a digital computer.
Abstract
Many investigators work with the Hodgkin-Huxley model of membrane behavior or extensions thereof. In these models action potentials are found as solutions of simultaneous non-linear differential equations which must be solved using numerical techniques on a digital computer. Recent membrane models showing pacemaker activity, such as that of McAllister, Noble, and Tsien, involve solutions covering long periods of time, up to fisve seconds, and many ionic currents. Those added requirements make it desirable to have an efficient algorithm to minimize computer costs, and a systematic and simple solution method to keep the program writing and debugging to manageable levels.

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The FEniCS Project Version 1.5

TL;DR: The FEniCS Project is a collaborative project for the development of innovative concepts and tools for automated scientific computing, with a particular focus on the solution of differential equations by finite element methods.
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A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. Depolarization, repolarization, and their interaction.

TL;DR: Simulation of the membrane action potential of the mammalian ventricular cell shows the importance of the slow recovery of INa in determining the response of the cell and relates these phenomena to the underlying ionic channel kinetics.
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A model for human ventricular tissue

TL;DR: A mathematical model of the action potential of human ventricular cells that, while including a high level of electrophysiological detail, is computationally cost-effective enough to be applied in large-scale spatial simulations for the study of reentrant arrhythmias.
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Alternans and spiral breakup in a human ventricular tissue model.

TL;DR: A new version of the human ventricular cell model is developed, which is based on recent experimental measurements of human APD restitution and includes a more extensive description of intracellular calcium dynamics, which concludes that steepAPD restitution-mediated instability is a potential mechanism for VF in the human heart.
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Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation

TL;DR: A model for the undiseased human ventricular action potential (AP) which reproduces a broad range of physiological behaviors is developed and experiments for rate dependence of Ca2+ (including peak and decay) and intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) in undISEased human myocytes were quantitatively reproduced by the model.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve

TL;DR: This article concludes a series of papers concerned with the flow of electric current through the surface membrane of a giant nerve fibre by putting them into mathematical form and showing that they will account for conduction and excitation in quantitative terms.
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Reconstruction of the electrical activity of cardiac Purkinje fibres.

TL;DR: The electrical activity of Cardiac Purkinje fibres was reconstructed using a mathematical model of the membrane current and the individual components of ionic curent were described by equations based as closely as possible on previous experiments using the voltage clamp technique.
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On numerical integration of the Hodgkin and Huxley equations for a membrane action potential.

TL;DR: A simple method is developed for correcting the Euler integration, resulting in quite accurate solutions which were essentially independent of step size and stimuli.
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Two programs for computation of action potentials, stimulus responses, voltage-clamp currents, and current-voltage relations of excitable membranes

TL;DR: It is the author's hope that ready availability of this program will induce a great many more researchers in all fields of electrophysiology to analyze their data in a form which lends itself to computations, since there will be the additional huge advantage of ready comparison of results with those of others in the field.
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