Journal ArticleDOI
A thiazole derivative of artemisinin moderately reduces Toxoplasma gondii cyst burden in infected mice.
Tracey L. Schultz,Christopher P. Hencken,Christopher P. Hencken,Christopher P. Hencken,Lauren Elaine Woodard,Lauren Elaine Woodard,Gary H. Posner,Gary H. Posner,Robert H. Yolken,Robert H. Yolken,Lorraine Jones-Brando,Lorraine Jones-Brando,Vern B. Carruthers +12 more
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TLDR
Findings suggest that artemisinin derivatives are partially effective in treating experimental T. gondii infections, with modest efficacy dependent upon the compound dose and the solvent vehicle.Abstract:
Toxoplasmosis continues to be a public health problem, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Currently available medications, effective for acute toxoplasmosis, are nonetheless problematic due to adverse side effects in many patients. In addition, no medication is able to completely eradicate the parasite cysts, rendering infected individuals at risk for reactivation upon becoming immunocompromised. We examined the anti–T. gondii activity of 2 derivatives of artemisinin. In vitro metabolic stability tests revealed that both derivatives are stable in mouse plasma but only the thiazole CPH4-136 is stable in the presence of mouse microsomes. When tested in a mouse model of acute toxoplasmosis, both derivatives showed modest efficacy dependent upon the compound dose and the solvent vehicle. Finally, in a mouse model of chronic T. gondii infection, CPH4-136 at 3 mg/kg once per day for 32 days moderately but significantly decreased mouse brain cyst burden. Collectively, our findings suggest that ar...read more
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Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Historical Perspective, Animal Models, and Current Clinical Practice.
Ildiko Rita Dunay,Kiran Gajurel,Reshika Dhakal,Oliver Liesenfeld,Jose G. Montoya,Jose G. Montoya +5 more
TL;DR: An overview of toxoplasmosis treatment in humans and in animal models is presented and there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics for both the acute and latent forms of the infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status.
TL;DR: The facets of toxoplasmosis that are pertinent to drug design and the advances, challenges, and current status of preclinical drug research for toxoplasmsosis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug Resistance in Toxoplasma gondii
Mahbobeh Montazeri,Saeed Mehrzadi,Mehdi Sharif,Mehdi Sharif,Shahabeddin Sarvi,Asal Tanzifi,Sargis A. Aghayan,Ahmad Daryani +7 more
TL;DR: Recent experimental studies in clinical cases have clearly shown that drug resistance in Toxoplasma is ongoing, and establishing a more effective therapeutic scheme in the treatment of toxoplasmosis is critically needed to improve the therapeutic outcome in patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human toxoplasmosis-Searching for novel chemotherapeutics.
TL;DR: There is urgent need to develop new drugs and establish "gold standard" treatment for T. gondii and several promising drug candidates characterized by a high selectivity, the low IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) and low cytotoxicity towards host cells are revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pharmacological activities and mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives: a systematic review
Yi-Fei Dai,Weiwei Zhou,Jing Meng,Xin-Liang Du,Yun-Peng Sui,Li Dai,Pengqian Wang,Hai-Ru Huo,Feng Sui +8 more
TL;DR: The proposed mechanisms of action of artemisinins are reviewed with the hope of gaining more insight into the multiple actions of these potent drugs and how they work.
References
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Toxoplasma gondii and Other Risk Factors for Schizophrenia: An Update
TL;DR: The failure to find genes of major effect in schizophrenia has refocused attention on nongenetic, including infectious factors, and antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found to be elevated in 23 studies of schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of dendritic cell migration upon Toxoplasma gondii infection potentiates parasite dissemination
Henrik Lambert,Niclas Hitziger,Niclas Hitziger,Isabel Dellacasa,Isabel Dellacasa,Mattias Svensson,Antonio Barragan,Antonio Barragan +7 more
TL;DR: Findings show that Toxoplasma is able to subvert the regulation of host cell motility and likely exploits the host’s natural pathways of cellular migration for parasite dissemination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endochin-like quinolones are highly efficacious against acute and latent experimental toxoplasmosis
J. Stone Doggett,Aaron Nilsen,Isaac P. Forquer,Keith W. Wegmann,Lorraine Jones-Brando,Robert H. Yolken,Claudia Bordón,Susan A. Charman,Kasiram Katneni,Tracey L. Schultz,Jeremy N. Burrows,David J. Hinrichs,Brigitte Meunier,Vern B. Carruthers,Michael K. Riscoe +14 more
TL;DR: ELQ-271 and ELQ-316 are orally bioavailable drugs that are effective against acute and latent toxoplasmosis, likely acting as inhibitors of the Qi site of the T. gondii cytochrome bc1 complex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent investigations of artemether, a novel agent for the prevention of schistosomiasis japonica, mansoni and haematobia.
Xiao Shuhua,Marcel Tanner,Eliézer K. N’Goran,Jürg Utzinger,Jacques Chollet,Robert Bergquist,Chen Ming-gang,Zheng Jiang +7 more
TL;DR: Clinical trials confirmed that artemether, orally administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg once every 2-3 weeks, results in no drug-related adverse effects, and significantly reduces the incidence and intensity of schistosome infections.