Journal ArticleDOI
Acoustically relevant bubble assemblages and their dependence on meteorological parameters
Edward C. Monahan,M. Lu +1 more
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In this paper, a detailed physical model of the life history of a typical bubble plume, from its formation by a breaking wave to its dissipation into the background bubble population, is given, and the relationship between the early, acoustically relevant stages in bubble-plume development and the associated, remotely detectable whitecap is described.Abstract:
A detailed physical model of the life history of a typical bubble plume, from its formation by a breaking wave to its dissipation into the background bubble population, is given, and the relationship between the early, acoustically relevant stages in bubble-plume development and the associated, remotely detectable whitecap is described. The manner in which the fraction of the sea surface covered by stage A spilling crests and by stage B mature whitecaps depends upon wind speed and upon wind stress or friction velocity is investigated. Formal expressions are given whereby near-surface bubble concentrations can be estimated from observations of fractional whitecap coverage or from measurements of the 10-m elevation wind speed. >read more
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Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Mechanisms, Methods, Measurements, and Models - A Critical Review
TL;DR: In this paper, Sea salt aerosol (SSA) particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scale dependence of bubble creation mechanisms in breaking waves
Grant B. Deane,M. Dale Stokes +1 more
TL;DR: This work has measured bubble size distributions inside breaking waves in the laboratory and in the open ocean, and provides a quantitative description of bubble formation mechanisms inside whitecaps, finding two distinct mechanisms controlling the size distribution, depending on bubble size.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spray contribution to net evaporation from the sea: a review of recent progress
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use Eulerian and Lagrangian models and a simple analytical model to study the processes important in spray dispersion and evaporation within the droplet eva-oration layer (DEL).
Journal ArticleDOI
Bubble population phenomena in acoustic cavitation
TL;DR: Theoretical treatments of the dynamics of a single bubble in a pressure field have been undertaken for many decades as mentioned in this paper, and there now exists a solid theoretical basis for the dynamic dynamics of the single bubble.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sound generation and air entrainment by breaking waves in the surf zone
TL;DR: In this paper, two hydrophones, horizontally separated and deployed in 2 m of water off La Jolla Shores beach, California, were used to measure the source spectrum of breaking surf, and characterize propagation through the surf zone over length scales of order 10 m. The acoustic data showed an acoustically active region within a wave which propagates shoreward.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Open Ocean Momentum Flux Measurements in Moderate to Strong Winds
W. G. Large,Stephen Pond +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the dissipation and Reynolds flux results shows excellent agreement on average, for wind speeds from 4 to 20 m s−1, for a modified Gill propeller-vane anemometer was used to measure the velocity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Drag Coefficients over Oceans and Continents
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of wind stress and wind profiles over the ocean reported in the literature over the past 10 years are consistent with Charnock's (1955) relation between aerodynamic roughness length (z0) and friction velocity (u*), viz, z0= αu*2/g, with α= 0.41±0.0144 and g= 9.81 m s−2.
Book ChapterDOI
A Model of Marine Aerosol Generation Via Whitecaps and Wave Disruption
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for sea surface aerosol generation by the indirect mechanisms, first introduced in our Canberra SSAG-1 (Monahan, et al, 1979) and Manchester SAG-2 (Monaghan, 1980) papers, is given by Equation 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the sea
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the amount of induction charging by such small electric fields was less than 5 per cent of that charge which the drops carried in the absence of a field.