Journal ArticleDOI
Acute Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression in Disaster or Rescue Workers
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TLDR
Exposed disaster workers are at increased risk of acute stress disorder, depression, or PTSD and seek care for emotional problems at an increased rate and are more likely to develop PTSD.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The events of Sept. 11, 2001, highlighted the importance of understanding the effects of trauma on disaster workers. To better plan for the health care of disaster workers, this study examined acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), early dissociative symptoms, depression, and health care utilization in disaster workers. METHOD: Exposed disaster workers (N=207) and unexposed comparison subjects (N=421) were examined at 2, 7, and 13 months after an airplane crash. RESULTS: Exposed disaster workers had significantly higher rates of acute stress disorder, PTSD at 13 months, depression at 7 months, and depression at 13 months than comparison subjects. Those who were younger and single were more likely to develop acute stress disorder. Exposed disaster workers with acute stress disorder were 3.93 times more likely to be depressed at 7 months. Those with high exposure and previous disaster experience or who had acute stress disorder were more likely to develop PTSD. Similarly, th...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic
Xinhua Liu,Meghana Kakade,Cordelia J. Fuller,Bin Fan,Yunyun Fang,Junhui Kong,Zhiqiang Guan,Ping Wu,Ping Wu +8 more
TL;DR: Examination of hospital employees exposed to an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), post-outbreak levels of depressive symptoms and the relationship between those depressive symptom levels and the types of outbreak event exposures showed that the experience of being quarantined or exposed to other traumatic events before SARS can lead to long-term adverse mental health consequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rescuers at risk: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers
William Berger,William Berger,Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho,Ivan Figueira,Carla Marques-Portella,Mariana Pires Luz,Thomas C. Neylan,Charles R. Marmar,Mauro V. Mendlowicz,Mauro V. Mendlowicz +9 more
TL;DR: The results indicate the need for improving pre-employment strategies to select the most resilient individuals for rescue work, to implement continuous preventive measures for personnel, and to promote educational campaigns about PTSD and its therapeutic possibilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Depression
TL;DR: The authors found moderate evidence for a relation between the psychological demands of the job and the development of depression, with relative risks of approximately 2.0, but indication of publication bias weakens the evidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis.
TL;DR: In the mnemonic model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the current memory of a negative event, not the event itself, determines symptoms as discussed by the authors, which is an alternative to the current event-based etiology of PTSD represented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
Journal ArticleDOI
Resilience of local food systems and links to food security - A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks.
TL;DR: The review of existing accounts on COVID-19 suggests that, with the exception of those who lost members of their family to the virus, the main impact of the pandemic derives mainly from the lockdown and mobility restrictions imposed by national/local governments, and the consequence that the subsequent loss of income and purchasing power has on people’s food security, in particular the poor.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The general depression scales used were felt to be insufficient for the purpose of this research project and the more specific scales were also inadequate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults
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Journal ArticleDOI
Goodness of fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model
David W. Hosmer,Stanley Lemesbow +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, several test statistics are proposed for the purpose of assessing the goodness of fit of the multiple logistic regression model, which are obtained by applying a chi-square test for a contingency table in which the expected frequencies are determined using two different grouping strategies and two different sets of distributional assumptions.
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Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing.
Carol S. North,Sara Jo Nixon,Sheryll Shariat,Sue Mallonee,J. Curtis McMillen,Edward L. Spitznagel,Elizabeth M. Smith +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that a focus on avoidance and numbing symptoms could have provided an effective screening procedure for PTSD and could have identified most psychiatric cases early in the acute postdisaster period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder
TL;DR: Posttraumatic stress disorder is more likely to develop in females than in males after exposure to a traumatic event, and susceptibility to PTSD in females might be greater in childhood than after age 15 years.