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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Adding Force Feedback to Mixed Reality Experiences and Games using Electrical Muscle Stimulation

TLDR
A mobile system that enhances mixed reality experiences and games with force feedback by means of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) while keeping the users' hands free to interact unencumbered, and demonstrates how this supports three classes of applications along the mixed-reality continuum.
Abstract
We present a mobile system that enhances mixed reality experiences and games with force feedback by means of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). The benefit of our approach is that it adds physical forces while keeping the users' hands free to interact unencumbered-not only with virtual objects, but also with physical objects, such as props and appliances. We demonstrate how this supports three classes of applications along the mixed-reality continuum: (1) entirely virtual objects, such as furniture with EMS friction when pushed or an EMS-based catapult game. (2) Virtual objects augmented via passive props with EMS-constraints, such as a light control panel made tangible by means of a physical cup or a balance-the-marble game with an actuated tray. (3) Augmented appliances with virtual behaviors, such as a physical thermostat dial with EMS-detents or an escape-room that repurposes lamps as levers with detents. We present a user-study in which participants rated the EMS-feedback as significantly more realistic than a no-EMS baseline.

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Posted ContentDOI

All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda

TL;DR: This survey paper presents the first effort to offer a comprehensive framework that examines the latest metaverse development under the dimensions of state-of-the-art technologies and metaverse ecosystems, and illustrates the possibility of the digital `big bang' of the authors' cyberspace.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

What is Mixed Reality

TL;DR: The goal with this paper is to support classification and discussion of MR applications' design and provide a better means to researchers to contextualize their work within the increasingly fragmented MR landscape.
Journal ArticleDOI

What is XR? Towards a Framework for Augmented and Virtual Reality

TL;DR: In this article , the meaning and definitions of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality, and extended reality (often referred to as XR) are discussed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Transcalibur: A Weight Shifting Virtual Reality Controller for 2D Shape Rendering based on Computational Perception Model

TL;DR: This work builds a computational perception model using a data-driven approach from the collected data pairs of mass properties and perceived shapes that enables Transcalibur to easily and effectively provide convincing shape perception based on complex illusory effects.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

TilePoP: Tile-type Pop-up Prop for Virtual Reality

TL;DR: TilePoP is a new type of pneumatically-actuated interface deployed as floor tiles which dynamically pop up by inflating into large shapes constructing proxy objects for whole-body interactions in Virtual Reality.
References
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Journal Article

A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays

TL;DR: Paul Milgram's research interests include display and control issues in telerobotics and virtual environments, stereoscopic video and computer graphics, cognitive engineering, and human factors issues in medicine.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms

TL;DR: Tangible Bits allows users to "grasp & manipulate" bits in the center of users’ attention by coupling the bits with everyday physical objects and architectural surfaces and ambient media for background awareness.
Journal ArticleDOI

Likert scales, levels of measurement and the "laws" of statistics.

TL;DR: It is shown that many studies, dating back to the 1930s consistently show that parametric statistics are robust with respect to violations of these assumptions, and parametric methods can be utilized without concern for “getting the wrong answer”.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Augmented Reality : A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss augmented reality displays in a general sense, within the context of a reality-virtuality (RV) continuum, encompassing a large class of ''mixed reality'' displays, which also includes augmented virtuality (AV).
Book

Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design

TL;DR: Understanding Virtual Reality arrives at a time when the technologies behind virtual reality have advanced to the point that it is possible to develop and deploy meaningful, productive virtual reality applications, equipping you with the understanding needed to identify and prepare for ways VR can be used in your field, whatever your field may be.
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