An improved calculation of proximity-effect loss in high-frequency windings of round conductors

TLDR: In this paper, the Ferreira method and Dowell method were compared to evaluate the accuracy of each method for predicting proximity-effect losses in round-wire windings and found that the Dowell algorithm can have substantial errors, exceeding 60%.

Abstract: The two best-known methods for calculating high-frequency winding loss in round-wire windings-the Dowell method and the Ferreira method-give significantly different results at high frequency We apply 2-D finite-element method (FEM) simulations to evaluate the accuracy of each method for predicting proximity-effect losses We find that both methods can have substantial errors, exceeding 60% The Ferreira method, which is based on the exact Bessel-function solution for the eddy current in an isolated conducting cylinder subjected to a time-varying magnetic field, is found to be most accurate for loosely packed windings, whereas the Dowell method, which approximates winding layers comprising multiple turns of round wire with a rectangular conducting sheet, is most accurate for closely-packed windings To achieve higher accuracy than is possible with either method alone, we introduce a new formula, based on modifying the Dowell method Parameters in the new formula are chosen based on fitting our FEM simulation data By expressing the results in terms of normalized parameters, we construct a model that can be used to determine proximity-effect loss for any round-wire winding with error under 2%