Assessment and Diagnosis of Personality Disorder: Perennial Issues and an Emerging Reconceptualization
TLDR
This chapter reviews recent personality disorder research, focusing on three major domains: assessment, comorbidity, and stability, and finds a new model for assessing PD-and perhaps all psychopathology-emerges from integrating these interrelated reconceptualizations.Abstract:
This chapter reviews recent (2000–2005) personality disorder (PD) research, focusing on three major domains: assessment, comorbidity, and stability. (a) Substantial evidence has accrued favoring dimensional over categorical conceptualization of PD, and the five-factor model of personality is prominent as an integrating framework. Future directions include assessing dysfunction separately from traits and learning to utilize collateral information. (b) To address the pervasiveness and extent of comorbidity, researchers have begun to move beyond studying overlapping pairs or small sets of disorders and are developing broader, more integrated common-factor models that cross the Axis I–Axis II boundary. (c) Studies of PD stability have converged on the finding that PD features include both more acute, dysfunctional behaviors that resolve in relatively short periods, and maladaptive temperamental traits that are relatively more stable—similar to normal-range personality traits—with increasing stability ...read more
Citations
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Linking "big" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: It is found that common mental disorders are strongly linked to personality and have similar trait profiles, and greater attention to these constructs can significantly benefit psychopathology research and clinical practice.
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Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5.
TL;DR: A maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument are developed as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal personality disorder.
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Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct.
Robert D. Hare,Craig S. Neumann +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on two major influences on current conceptualizations of psychopathy: one clinical, with its origins largely in the early case studies of Cleckley, and the other empirical, the result of widespread use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for assessment purposes.
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A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis
TL;DR: The empirical FFM profiles generated for each personality disorder were generally congruent at the facet level with hypothesized FFM translations of the DSM-IV-TR personality disorders, but notable exceptions to the hypotheses did occur and even some findings that were consistent with FFM theory could be said to be instrument specific.
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Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: shifting to a dimensional model.
TL;DR: It may be time to consider a shift to a dimensional classification of personality disorder that would help address the failures of the existing diagnostic categories as well as contribute to an integration of the psychiatric diagnostic manual with psychology's research on general personality structure.
References
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Complementary approaches to the assessment of personality disorder. The Personality Assessment Schedule and Adult Personality Functioning Assessment compared.
TL;DR: In this paper, subject-informant agreement on the M-PAS was moderately good, and agreement between the APFA and the modified PAS was comparable to that for the PAS.
Journal Article
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Personality Disorder as Harmful Dysfunction: DSM'S Cultural Deviance Criterion Reconsidered
TL;DR: One of the general criteria for personality disorder, the cultural deviance requirement (CDR), is examined from the perspective of the evolution-based harmful-dysfunction analysis of disorder.
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The longitudinal relationship between personality disorder dimensions and global functioning in a community-residing population.
Jin Pyo Hong,Jack Samuels,O. Joseph Bienvenu,Fang-Chi Hsu,William W. Eaton,Paul T. Costa,Gerald Nestadt +6 more
TL;DR: Investigation in a community-residing population of residents of east Baltimore found that the longitudinal relationship between psychiatrist-assessed personality disorder scores and global functioning 13–18 years later suggests that the functional effect of the other personality disorder traits may be mediated through their relationship with Axis I disorders.
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Where is the Personality in Personality Disorder Assessment? A Comparison Across Four Sets of Personality Disorder Scales.
TL;DR: Investigation of four sets of personality disorder scales found Neuroticism and low Extraversion often emerged as the primary predictors of PD symptomatology, but variability in the particular aspects of personality assessed within each of the PD measures was apparent within the ICM and FFM findings.