Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Theory of Mind in Adults: Beyond False Belief Tasks
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TLDR
In this article, the authors reviewed the issues surrounding the assessment of the theory of mind in the context of autism spectrum disorder and discussed why the construct needs to be assessed in a culture-specific manner, the problems with the existing tools that have been developed to measure the construct, the complexity of simulating real social stimuli, and the subtleties around the construct that is to be taken care of while developing assessment measures.Abstract:
Theory of Mind, or the ability to attribute mental states to the self and others, forms the foundation of social cognitive processes or social cognition. Since its conception in 1978, the construct has been enjoying increasing attention from researchers and it has been widely studied in the context of autism spectrum disorder. This paper tries to review the issues surrounding the assessment of the construct. Theory of Mind (ToM) assessment goes almost synonymously with false belief tests. And assessing ToM with false belief tasks did not pose a problem because the construct had traditionally been studied mostly, if not exclusively on children. This paper discusses the danger of testing theory of mind with false belief tasks only and the serious necessity to study the construct in the adult population. The paper also discusses why the construct needs to be assessed in a culture-specific manner, the problems with the existing recent tools that have been developed to measure the construct, the complexity of simulating real social stimuli, and the subtleties around the construct that is to be taken care of while developing assessment measures.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Predictors of Individual Differences in Emerging Adult Theory of Mind
TL;DR: The authors predicted that childhood fantasy play (CFP), need for cognition (NfC), and fiction reading would be associated with emerging adult theory of mind (ToM), and found that CFP and NfC are associated with the emergence of adult ToM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward social neuropsychology of epilepsy: a meta-analysis on social cognition in epilepsy phenotypes and a critical narrative review on assessment methods
Marcel Eicher,Hennric Jokeit +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a meta-analysis showed that patients with epilepsy are at a significantly increased risk of deficits in social cognition, while TLE and FLE patients perform worse than those with eTLE/eFLE, without significant differences between FLE and TLE regarding ToM ability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do cognitive reserve and executive functions matter to perform the reading the mind in the eyes test in late lifespan
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of executive functions and educational attainment on affective ToM is investigated, and significant relationships were found between ToM and some executive functions, that is, cognitive flexibility and inhibition predicted 34% of the ToM score.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of Empathy Deficits following Prefrontal Brain Damage: The Role of the Right Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
TL;DR: The findings suggest that prefrontal structures play an important part in a network mediating the empathic response and specifically that the right ventromedial cortex has a unique role in integrating cognition and affect to produce the empathy response.
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Preschoolers can attribute second-order beliefs
TL;DR: The ability to attribute 2nd-order mental states was investigated in 87 children drawn from preschool, kindergarten, 1 st-grade, and 2nd grade classes as discussed by the authors, and the main findings were that performance on the new stories was significantly better than on the standard stories and that nearly half of the preschoolers and almost all of the kindergartners were able to attribute second-order beliefs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of extensive medial frontal lobe damage on 'Theory of Mind' and cognition.
TL;DR: G.T. had a dysexecutive syndrome characterized by impairments in planning and memory, as well as a tendency to confabulate, but did not have any significant impairment on tasks probing her ability to construct a 'Theory of Mind', demonstrating that the extensive medial frontal regions destroyed by her stroke are not necessary for this function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test: systematic review of psychometric properties and a validation study in Italy.
Marcello Vellante,Simon Baron-Cohen,Mariangela Melis,Matteo Marrone,Donatella Rita Petretto,Carmelo Masala,Antonio Preti +6 more
TL;DR: Both internal consistency and test–retest stability were good for the Italian version of the Eyes test, and scores were not related to social desirability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thinking about oneself and others: the relational-interdependent self-construal and social cognition.
TL;DR: The relational-interdependent self-construal was associated with positive implicit evaluations of relational concepts and with tightly organized cognitive networks of relational terms and with memory for and implicit organization of relational information.
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