Association between Randall's plaque and calcifying nanoparticles.
Neva Ciftcioglu,Kaveh Vejdani,Olivia Lee,Grace Mathew,Katja M. Aho,E. Olavi Kajander,David S. McKay,Jeffrey A. Jones,Marshall L. Stoller +8 more
TLDR
There was evidence of a link between detection of CNP and presence of RP, and these results suggest that further studies with negative control samples should be made to explore the etiology of RP formation, thus leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of stone formation.Abstract:
Randall initially described calcified subepithelial papillary plaques, which he hypothesized as nidi for kidney stone formation. The discovery of calcifying nanoparticles (CNP) in many calcifying processes of human tissues has raised another hypothesis about their possible involvement in urinary stone formation. This research is the first attempt to investigate the potential association of these two hypotheses. We collected renal papilla and blood samples from 17 human patients who had undergone laparoscopic nephrectomy due to neoplasia. Immunohistochemical staining (IHS) was applied on the tissue samples using monoclonal antibody 8D10 (mAb) against CNP. Homogenized papillary tissues and serum samples were cultured for CNP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were performed on fixed papillary samples. Randall's plaques were visible on gross inspection in 11 out of 17 collected samples. IHS was positive for CNP antigen in 8 of these 11 visually positive samples, but in only 1 of the remaining 6 samples. SEM revealed spherical apatite formations in 14 samples, all of which had calcium and phosphate peaks detected by EDS analysis. From this study, there was some evidence of a link between the presence of Randall's plaques and the detection of CNP, also referred to as nanobacteria. Although causality was not demonstrated, these results suggest that further studies with negative control samples should be made to explore the etiology of Randall's plaque formation, thus leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of stone formation.read more
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Quantitative Determination of Skin Penetration of PEG-Coated CdSe Quantum Dots in Dermabraded but not Intact SKH-1 Hairless Mouse Skin
Neera V. Gopee,Dean W. Roberts,Dean W. Roberts,Peggy J. Webb,Peggy J. Webb,Christy R. Cozart,Paul H. Siitonen,John R. Latendresse,Alan R. Warbitton,William W. Yu,Vicki L. Colvin,Nigel J. Walker,Paul C. Howard,Paul C. Howard +13 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that transdermal absorption of nanoscale materials depends on skin barrier quality, and that the lack of an epidermis provided access to QD penetration.
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Putative Nanobacteria Represent Physiological Remnants and Culture By-Products of Normal Calcium Homeostasis
TL;DR: Together, these data demonstrate that NB are most likely formed by calcium or apatite crystallization inhibitors that are somehow overwhelmed by excess calcium or calcium phosphate found in culture medium or in body fluids, thereby becoming seeds for calcification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of Granulations of Calcium and Apatite in Serum as Pleomorphic Mineralo-Protein Complexes and as Precursors of Putative Nanobacteria
John Ding-E Young,Jan Martel,David Young,David Young,Andrew Young,Chin-Ming Hung,Lena Young,Lena Young,Ying-Jie Chao,James J. Young,Cheng-Yeu Wu +10 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that the entities described earlier as NB most likely originate from calcium and apatite binding factors in the serum, presumably calcification inhibitors, that upon saturation, form seeds for HAP deposition and growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fetuin-A/Albumin-Mineral Complexes Resembling Serum Calcium Granules and Putative Nanobacteria: Demonstration of a Dual Inhibition-Seeding Concept
Cheng-Yeu Wu,Jan Martel,David Young,David Young,John Ding-E Young,John Ding-E Young,John Ding-E Young +6 more
TL;DR: The results point to a dual inhibitory-seeding, de-repression model for the assembly of particles in supersaturated solutions like serum, whereby the apatite nuclei grow in size to coalesce into crystalline spindles and films—a mechanism that may explain not only the formation of calcium granules in nature but also normal or ectopic calcification in the body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids
TL;DR: It is proposed that bions represent biological, mineralo-organic particles that may form in the body under both physiological and pathological homeostasis conditions and may be part of a physiological cycle that regulates the function, transport and disposal of elements and minerals in the human body.
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Nanobacteria: An alternative mechanism for pathogenic intra- and extracellular calcification and stone formation
E. O. Kajander,Neva Ciftcioglu +1 more
TL;DR: Nanobacteria can produce apatite in media mimicking tissue fluids and glomerular filtrate and provide a unique model for in vitro studies on calcification, and are identified with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis and chemical analysis.
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