Showing papers in "Toxicological Sciences in 2009"

TL;DR: It is shown that QD with a carboxylic acid surface coating were recognized by lipid rafts but not by clathrin or caveolae in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and endocytic pathways are primarily regulated by the G-protein-coupled receptor associated pathway and low density lipoprotein receptor/scavenger receptor.

TL;DR: Histopathological examinations indicated dose-dependent increases in lesions related to silver nanoparticle exposure, including mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, chronic alveolar inflammation, and small granulomatous lesions, in both the male and female rats.

TL;DR: Global gene expression analysis demonstrates that the exposure to each nanometal or soluble metal produces a distinct gene expression profile at both 24 and 48 h, suggesting that each exposure is producing biological response by a different mechanism.

TL;DR: Chiral substances possess a unique architecture such that, despite sharing identical molecular formulas, atom-to-atom linkages, and bonding distances, they cannot be superimposed as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Toxicity and dustiness data can be used to compare different MWCNT materials and to select the material with the lowest risk potential for a given application, but nonetheless strict industrial hygiene measures must be taken during handling and processing.

TL;DR: The data raise the question whether extended exposure in the range of the TDI or up to a factor of 10 above it may already lead to indication of liver damage, and demonstrate a risk of health effects from chronic exposure to MCs at least for populations with high levels of exposure, like fishermen at Lake Chaohu.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the developmental effects of ROS may provide insights for risk assessment, the reduction of adverse postnatal consequences, and the need for caution in testing therapeutic strategies in humans.

TL;DR: Data suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide or its derivatives are essential second messengers in the signaling pathway for arsenic-stimulated vessel remodeling and future directions for research into the cardiovascular effects of arsenic exposure are provided.

TL;DR: Competitive binding of PFCs to TTR, as observed for human TTR in the present study, may explain altered thyroid hormone levels described for PFC-exposed rats and monkeys.

TL;DR: In 2007, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences released a report, Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy, that envisions a not-so-distant future in which virtually all routine toxicity testing would be conducted in human cells or cell lines in vitro by evaluating cellular responses in a suite of toxicity pathway assays using high-throughput tests, that could be implemented with robotic assistance.

TL;DR: This review highlights current knowledge about the enzymes and transporters involved in the formation and elimination of BA-sulfates, the effect of sulfation on the pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of BAs, the role of BA sulfation in cholestatic diseases, and the regulation ofBA sulfation.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that triclosan exposure does not alter androgen-dependent tissue weights or onset of PPS; however, tricrosan exposure significantly impacts thyroid hormone concentrations in the male juvenile rat.

TL;DR: The present study demonstrates the novel finding that Nrf2 is required for TCDD induction of classical AhR battery genes Nqo1, Ugt1a6, and Gsta1, as well as most Ugt and Gst isoforms in livers of mice.

TL;DR: The possible reasons for this absence of carcinogenic response to multiwall carbon nanotubes are discussed, including the length of the MWCNT tested (< 1 mum on average), the absence of a sustained inflammatory reaction to M WCNT, and the capacity of these MWC NT to quench free radicals.

TL;DR: The biochemical characteristics of the stress response pathways, their common architecture that enables rapid activation during stress, their participation in cell fate decisions, the essential nature of these pathways to the organism, and the biochemical basis of their cross-talk that permits an assay ensemble screening approach are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CNTs promote allergic responses in mice, and both swCNT and mwCNT together with OVA strongly increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, the number of eosinophils in BALF, and the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines in the MLN.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the state of academic knowledge on QDs pertaining not only to toxicity, but also their physicochemical properties, and their biological and environmental fate, and concludes with recommendations on how to tailor future research efforts to address the specific needs of regulators.

TL;DR: In this article, a mechanistic link between oxidative stress and elevated levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a neurotoxin endogenous to dopamine neurons, was found.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the ability of unopsonized amorphous silica particles to stimulate inflammatory protein secretion and induce macrophage cytotoxicity scales closely with the total administered particle surface area across a wide range of particle diameters.

TL;DR: K18 and HMGB1 molecular forms are identified and characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry differing circulating molecular forms of high-mobility group box-1 protein and keratin-18, which are linked to the mechanisms and pathological changes induced by APAP in the mouse.

TL;DR: A single oral dose of either 21 micromol PFOS or PFOA/kg body weight given directly to neonatal mice on postnatal day 10 significantly increased the levels of CaMKII, GAP-43, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus of the neonatal mouse.

TL;DR: Deiodination, active transport, and sulfation, in addition to glucuronidation, may be involved in disruption of TH homeostasis due to perinatal exposure to DE-71 in male rat offspring.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ketamine administration results in a dose-related and exposure-time dependent increase in neuronal cell death during development and ketamine-induced cell death appears to be apoptotic in nature and closely associated with enhanced NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the effect of Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles exposure, even at low concentration, should be assessed because of the potential lung and systemic cumulative toxicity of the nanoparticles.

TL;DR: It is shown that H(2)O(2)-induced autophagy and apoptosis in U251 cells are mediated through the Beclin 1 and Akt/mTOR pathways and is regulated by the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 in glioma U 251 cells.

TL;DR: In this article, a summary of the thesis and antithesis of the EuroTox debate is presented, followed by a synthesis of the synthesis and the synthesis of arguments from both sides.

TL;DR: The results suggest that high-dose BPA induces apoptosis of Leydig and germ cells in the mouse testis through the Fas-signaling pathway, and there is concern about reproductive health for humans occupationally exposed to high levels of BPA.

TL;DR: It is suggested that increased activation of hepatic Nrf2 is more important for the detoxification and elimination of electrophiles than reactive oxygen species.

TL;DR: Preliminary work shows the potential to incorporate an enzyme-mediated activation step for pro-haptens into an in chemico skin sensitization assay that results in the detection of all types of sensitizers.

TL;DR: Results suggested that dopaminergic neurons could be damaged by manganese neurotoxicity, and that the activated microglial cells and their associated activation products played an important role in this neurodegenerative process.