Journal ArticleDOI
Bootstrap confidence intervals : when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians
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This article reviews the common algorithms for resampling and methods for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals, together with some less well known ones, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.Abstract:
Since the early 1980s, a bewildering array of methods for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals have been proposed. In this article, we address the following questions. First, when should bootstrap confidence intervals be used. Secondly, which method should be chosen, and thirdly, how should it be implemented. In order to do this, we review the common algorithms for resampling and methods for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals, together with some less well known ones, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. We then present a simulation study, a flow chart for choosing an appropriate method and a survival analysis example.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves
Xavier Robin,Natacha Turck,Alexandre Hainard,Natalia Tiberti,Frédérique Lisacek,Jean-Charles Sanchez,Markus Müller +6 more
TL;DR: pROC as mentioned in this paper is a package for R and S+ that contains a set of tools displaying, analyzing, smoothing and comparing ROC curves in a user-friendly, object-oriented and flexible interface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials
Jonathan Emberson,Kennedy R. Lees,Patrick D. Lyden,Lisa Blackwell,Gregory W. Albers,Erich Bluhmki,Thomas G. Brott,Geoff Cohen,Stephen M. Davis,Geoffrey A. Donnan,James C. Grotta,George Howard,Markku Kaste,Masatoshi Koga,Ruediger von Kummer,Maarten G Lansberg,Richard I. Lindley,Gordon D Murray,Jean-Marc Olivot,Mark W Parsons,Barbara C. Tilley,Danilo Toni,Kazunori Toyoda,Nils Wahlgren,Joanna M. Wardlaw,William Whiteley,Gregory J. del Zoppo,Colin Baigent,Peter Sandercock,Werner Hacke +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-specifi ed meta-analysis of individual patient data from 6756 patients in nine randomised trials comparing alteplase with placebo or open control was conducted.
Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials | NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository
Jonathan Emberson,K.R. Lees,J Grotta,George Howard,Markku Kaste,Masatoshi Koga,Ruediger von Kummer,Maarten G. Lansberg,R.I. Lindley,G. D. Murray,Jean Marc Olivot,Mark Parsons,Patrick D. Lyden,Barbara C. Tilley,Danilo Toni,Kazunori Toyoda,Nils Wahlgren,Joanna Wardlaw,William Whiteley,Gregory J. del Zoppo,Colin Baigent,Peter Sandercock,Werner Hacke,Lisa Blackwell,Gregory W. Albers,Erich Bluhmki,Thomas Brott,Geoff Cohen,Stephen M. Davis,Geoffrey A. Donnan +29 more
TL;DR: Alteplase increased the odds of a good stroke outcome, with earlier treatment associated with bigger proportional benefit, and Proportional treatment benefits were similar irrespective of age or stroke severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical-grade computational pathology using weakly supervised deep learning on whole slide images.
Gabriele Campanella,Gabriele Campanella,Matthew G. Hanna,Luke Geneslaw,Allen P. Miraflor,Vitor Werneck Krauss Silva,Klaus J. Busam,Edi Brogi,Victor E. Reuter,David S. Klimstra,Thomas J. Fuchs,Thomas J. Fuchs +11 more
TL;DR: A multiple instance learning-based deep learning system that uses only the reported diagnoses as labels for training, thereby avoiding expensive and time-consuming pixel-wise manual annotations, and has the ability to train accurate classification models at unprecedented scale.
References
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Book
An introduction to the bootstrap
Bradley Efron,Robert Tibshirani +1 more
TL;DR: This article presents bootstrap methods for estimation, using simple arguments, with Minitab macros for implementing these methods, as well as some examples of how these methods could be used for estimation purposes.
Book
Linear statistical inference and its applications
TL;DR: Algebra of Vectors and Matrices, Probability Theory, Tools and Techniques, and Continuous Probability Models.
Book
The jackknife, the bootstrap, and other resampling plans
TL;DR: The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replication (half-sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Bootstrap Methods and Their Application
Anthony C. Davison,David Hinkley +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad and up-to-date coverage of bootstrap methods, with numerous applied examples, developed in a coherent way with the necessary theoretical basis, is given, along with a disk of purpose-written S-Plus programs for implementing the methods described in the text.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications
P. G. Moore,C. Radhakrishna Rao +1 more
TL;DR: The theory of least squares and analysis of variance has been studied in the literature for a long time, see as mentioned in this paper for a review of some of the most relevant works. But the main focus of this paper is on the analysis of variance.