Q2. What is the main economic activity prior to the displacement of victims?
because displacement originates mostlyin rural areas, the main economic activity prior to the displacement of most victims is agriculture(Ibáñez and Moya, 2006; Carrillo, 2009).
Q3. What are the effects of international migration on voting behavior?
larger international migration inflows are associated with an increase in political participation and a recomposition of votes from left to right-wing oriented political ideologies.
Q4. How did Jaeger et al. 2018 identify the effects of early migrant?
Recently Jaeger et al. (2018) proposed that using early migrant settlements to identify the effects of 18Considering that the different elections take place in different months of the year, and, in order to have enough variation in migration outflows, when constructing the predicted inflows of forced migrants the authors aggregate the migration outflows for years t and t-1.migration in hosting regions may confound its short- and long-term causal effects in countries where migration patters are consistently directed to the same areas and are stable in time.
Q5. Why is their strategy not sensitive to their critique?
Their empirical strategy is not sensitive to their critique because the inflows of internal and international migration were sudden and dramatically large in scale after the intensification of the crises.
Q6. What is the main reason for the large forced migration inflows?
Large forced migration inflows, for example, may be associated with a disproportionate targeting of public resources to support these populations, or with larger business profits as wages fall due to an increased supply of labor.
Q7. What is the effect of a one-standard-deviation increase in the predicted level?
In particular, the authors observe that a one-standard-deviation increase in the predicted level of Venezuelan migration inflow causes an increase of 0.96 percentage points in political participation, an effects that is remarkably similar to that found for the second-round presidential election.
Q8. How many votes do the candidates receive on election day?
If no candidate receives half plus 1 vote or more on election day, a run-off election between thetwo candidates with the most votes in the first round takes place three weeks later.
Q9. Why did the authors focus on the six local elections?
As in the case of the presidential elections, due to the availability on votes receivedfor all candidates only since 1997 onwards, for their estimates the authors focus on the six local electionsthat took place between 1997 and 2015.
Q10. What is the main reason why the study uses the empirical strategy?
To account for thispossibility their empirical strategy exploits the fact that, as crises intensify in their locations of ori-gin, migrants tend to move disproportionately to municipalities where they have networks, family, or acquaintances.