Changes in Transportation-Related Air Pollution Exposures by Race-Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status: Outdoor Nitrogen Dioxide in the United States in 2000 and 2010
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TLDR
Findings suggest that absolute NO2 Exposure disparities by race-ethnicity decreased from 2000 to 2010, but relative NO2 exposure disparities persisted, with higher NO2 concentrations for nonwhites than whites in 2010.Citations
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Inequity in consumption of goods and services adds to racial-ethnic disparities in air pollution exposure.
Christopher W. Tessum,Joshua S. Apte,Andrew L. Goodkind,Nicholas Z. Muller,Kimberley A. Mullins,David Paolella,Stephen Polasky,Nathaniel P. Springer,Sumil K. Thakrar,Julian D. Marshall,Jason Hill +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, in the United States, PM2.5 exposure is disproportionately caused by consumption of goods and services mainly by the non-Hispanic white majority, but disproportionately inhaled by black and Hispanic minorities.
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Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System.
TL;DR: The epidemiological evidence for the cardiovascular effects of PM exposure is reviewed and current understanding about the biological mechanisms, by which PM exerts toxic effects on cardiovascular system to induce cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emission Sources by Race and Poverty Status
TL;DR: Disparities in burden from PM-emitting facilities exist at multiple geographic scales, and Blacks are more pronounced than are disparities on the basis of poverty status, suggesting strictly socioeconomic considerations may be insufficient to reduce PM burdens equitably across populations.
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PM2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States.
Christopher W. Tessum,David Paolella,Sarah Chambliss,Joshua S. Apte,Jason Hill,Julian D. Marshall +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the most inequitable emission source types by state and city, and identify potential opportunities for addressing this persistent environmental inequity by quantifying the PM2.5 exposure caused by each emitter type.
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Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explore how redlining, a discriminatory mortgage appraisal practice from the 1930s by the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), relates to present-day intraurban air pollution disparities in 202 U.S. cities.
References
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Health, Wealth, and Air Pollution: Advancing Theory and Methods
Marie S. O'Neill,Michael Jerrett,Aaron J. Cohen,Nelson Gouveia,Paul Wilkinson,Tony Fletcher,Luis Cifuentes,Ichiro Kawachi,Jonathan I. Levy,Joel Schwartz +9 more
TL;DR: This article aims to promote research that integrates the theory and practice from both air pollution and social epidemiologies to gain a better understanding of the health impacts from air pollution by introducing readers to methodologic and conceptual approaches in the fields of air pollutionand social epidemiology.
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Near-Roadway Air Quality: Synthesizing the Findings from Real-World Data
TL;DR: Two types of normalization, background and edge-of-road, were applied to the observed concentrations, and differences between the normalization methods arose due to the likely bias inherent in background normalization.
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A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Impacts on Birth Outcomes
Michael Brauer,Cornel Lencar,Lillian Tamburic,Mieke Koehoorn,Paul A. Demers,Catherine J. Karr +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic review of the literature on associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, concluding that evidence is sufficient to support a causal association between ambient concentrations of particulate matter and LBW, but evidence of effects for other pollutants and for other outcomes such as preterm birth is less robust.
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Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review
TL;DR: Most North American studies have shown that areas where low-socioeconomic-status communities dwell experience higher concentrations of criteria air pollutants, while European research has been mixed, but research in these parts of the world is limited.