Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of texture and residual stress in a section of 610 mm pipeline steel
TLDR
In this paper, a section of commercial X70 pipeline is characterized using microstructural examination, X-ray diffraction (to determine crystallographic texture) and neutron diffraction for residual stress measurement.Abstract:
Gas pipelines are inspected for defects such as corrosion. The most commonly used nondestructive inspection tool uses the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique. The MFL signals depend on the magnetic behaviour of the pipe, which is sensitive to its microstructure and crystallographic texture as well as both residual and applied stresses. Here a section of commercial X70 pipeline is characterized using microstructural examination, X-ray diffraction (to determine crystallographic texture) and neutron diffraction (for residual stress measurement). The results correlate well with the manufacturing steps used for this type of pipe. Magnetic characterization is also performed using magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements, which reflect the magnetic anisotropy in the pipe and thus the MFL signal. These results do not correlate simply with crystallographic texture and residual strain results, but this is not unexpected given the complex nature of the material and its stress state.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plastic versus elastic deformation effects on magnetic Barkhausen noise in steel
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of elastic and plastic deformation on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signals were investigated on a number of mild steel plate samples subjected to varying degrees of uniaxial elastic deformation up to ∼40% strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of the stress‐dependent magnetic easy axis in steel using magnetic Barkhausen noise
TL;DR: In this article, the angular-dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements were performed on a pipeline steel sample for various values of applied uniaxial stress at three angles with respect to the sample's zero stress magnetic easy axis direction.
Journal ArticleDOI
A study of magnetic flux-leakage signals
K Mandal,D L Atherton +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of line-pressure-induced hoop stress on magnetic flux-leakage (MFL) signals has been studied for an electrochemically milled pit (50% penetration) in a 9 mm thick steel pipe wall.
Journal ArticleDOI
Residual stress measurements in coil, linepipe and girth welded pipe
Michael Law,H.J. Prask,Vladimir Luzin,Vladimir Luzin,Thomas H. Gnaeupel-Herold,Thomas H. Gnaeupel-Herold +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, three normal stresses were measured by neutron diffraction for three types of sample: coil, unwelded rings, and girth welded rings cut from linepipe.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the estimation of the magnetic easy axis in pipeline steels using magnetic Barkhausen noise
P. Martínez-Ortiz,J.A. Pérez-Benítez,J.H. Espina-Hernández,Francisco Caleyo,José Manuel Hallen +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for determination of the magnetic easy axis of the roll magnetic anisotropy in API-5L steels is proposed, based on the fact that the angular dependence of the energy corresponding to the main peak of the Magnetic Barkhausen signal presents uniaxial anisotropic with its easy axis parallel to the rolling direction.
References
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Book
Introduction to Magnetic Materials
B. D. Cullity,C. D. Graham +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present materials at the practical rather than theoretical level, allowing for a physical, quantitative, measurement-based understanding of magnetism among readers, be they professional engineers or graduate-level students.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperature dependence of the elastic constants in α‐iron single crystals: relationship to spin order and diffusion anomalies
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature dependence of the elastic constants of singlecrystal iron has been measured from 25 to 900°C and a nonlinearity of temperature dependence for the three measured independent constants is associated with the degree of ferromagnetic ordering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the magnetic easy axis in pipeline steel using magnetic Barkhausen noise.
TL;DR: In this article, the angular dependence of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) on eight surfaces through the thickness of a 2% Mn steel pipeline sample was investigated by integrating the square of the MBN voltage signal with respect to the time axis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of pearlite on barkhausen noise generation in plain carbon steels
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of pearlitic and ferrite microstructures on the pulse height distribution of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal in plain carbon steels.